FLEXIBILITY METHOD / FORCE

METHOD
Composites Structures
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Week 10
This topic is designed to assess student ability’s on:
 Able to calculate degree of indeterminacy of the indeterminate
composites structures.
 Able to apply principle of superposition to equate the original
indeterminate structure into a primary and redundant applied
structures.
 Able to establish the compatibility of displacement equation(s), as the
additional equations to the equations of static equilibrium, to
completely analyse the composites structures.
 Able to determine unknown reaction forces for indeterminate
structures by using Flexibility Method/ Force Method. (caused by
member loads, support settlement/ displacement, fabrication error
and temperature change).
(CO2PO5)

 Able to draw the bending moment diagram for indeterminate

composite structures.
(CO1PO2)
1

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6 : Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

Example 7 :
The structure in Figure Q7 is composed of pin-jointed truss members (A = 5000 mm2) and a
continuous beam ABCDE (I = 300 x 106 mm4).

a) Take member CF as the redundant and calculate the axial force in the redundant member
using the flexibility method. (20 marks)

a) Sketch the bending moment diagram for the beam, highlighting all the salient points. (5 marks)

Given E = 200,000 MPa.

60 F
o
Solution :
30 kN/m

A E
B C D

2m 6m 6m 2m

Figure Q7
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6 : Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

Solution: Question 7 (a) Redundant, d = 1, Let FCF as the redundant

Primary Structures, M,F Redundant applied structure, m,f

F
F 0.5
0.5
-1.0
-1.0 0.866
0.866 0.866
0.866
x 0.866 1.0 0.5
x 0.5 0.866
x x
0.5 0.5
30 kN/m 0.5 0.5

A E 0.866 0.866
B C D A B C D E

2m 6m 6m 2m
2m 6m 6m 2m
240 kN 240 kN
0 kN 0 kN

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6: Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

For Beam

Member Range Length M m

(m)
AB 0≤x≤2 2 240x – 15x2 0
BC 2≤x≤8 6 240x – 15x2 -0.5(x –
2)
ED 0≤x≤2 2 240x – 15x2 0
DC 2≤x≤8 6 240x – 15x2 -0.5(x –
For Trusses 2)

Membe Length F (kN) f FfL f2 L

r (m)
AF 6.928 0 -1.0 0 6.928
CF 3.464 0 1.0 0 3.464
DF 6.928 0 -1.0 0 6.928
0 17.320
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6 : Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

Compatibility Equation

0  10  FCF 11

Mm nNL
10  
L
dx  
0
EI AE

(240 x  15 x 2 )(0.5( x  2))dx 8 (240 x  15 x 2 )(0.5( x  2))dx

 
8
0
2
EI 2
EI
 7830  7830
 
EI EI
- 15660

(200x10 6 )(3x10  4 )
 0.261m

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6: Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

m2 n2 L
11  
L
dx  
0
EI AE

(0.5( x  2)) 2 dx 8 (0.5( x  2)) 2 dx 17.320

 
8

2
EI 2
EI AE
18 18 17.320
  
EI EI EA
36 17.320
 
(200x10 6 )(3x10 -4 ) (200x10 6 )(5x10 -3 )
 6.1732 x10  4 m / kN
Compatibility Equation;

0  10  FCF 11

0  0.261  FCF (6.1732 x10 4 )
FCF  423kN

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6 : Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

Support Reactions;
60 F
o

423 kN
211.5 kN
211.5 kN
211.5 kN 30 kN/m 211.5 kN

A E
B C D

2m 6m 6m 2m

VA VE

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6 : Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

Question 7 (b); Shear Force Diagram

423 kN
211.5 kN 211.5 kN
30 kN/m

A E
B C D

2m 6m 6m 2m
240 kN 240 kN

SFD
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.6 : Composite Structures Analysis Leave blank

Bending Moment Diagram;

423 kN
211.5 kN 211.5 kN
30 kN/m

A E
B C D

2m 6m 6m 2m

240 kN 240 kN

BMD