Moment Distribution Method

Moment Distribution Method
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.0 : Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes Week 3
At the end of this topic, students should be :

1) Able to formulate the member stiffness,
distribution factor and carry-over factor for
indeterminate structures.
2) Able to apply the fixed end moments due to
external loading and support settlement.
3) Able to calculate the member end
moments and solve the member end forces
for indeterminate structures. (CO2PO5)
4) Able to draw the shear force diagram,

bending moment diagram, and deflected
shape for indeterminate structures.
(CO1PO2)
Outline
Moment Distribution Method
 Analysis of beams
 Analysis of frames
Indeterminate Structures
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.0 : Outline
Prestress T Beam Timber Frame
B C
4 kN/m 100 kN
2 kN/m 2 kN/m
4m
5m
6m
2I 3I I D 60o
A B C A D
6m 6m 3m
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.1 : Introduction
This chapter consist of:-
1) Moment distribution of indeterminate beam.
2) Moment distribution of indeterminate non-sway frame.
3) Moment distribution of indeterminate sway frame.
Moment Distribution Method – Introduction
 The method of moment distribution relies on a series of calculations that are repeated and that with
every cycle come closer to the final situation.
 In this way we are able to avoid solving simultaneous equations. Inspection of the slope-deflection
equations shows us that the final end-moments depend on 4 effects namely, θA, θB, ψAB and the
fixed end moments, FEM.
 By using moment-distribution we are able to investigate each effect separately.

Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.1 : Introduction
Indeterminate Beam
5 kN
Indeterminate Non-sway
4 kN/m Frame
1m
2 kN/m 2 kN/m
200kN E
A E
I 2I 3I I EI 1m
B C D B C
6m 6m 6m 3m EI
EI EI 3m
Indeterminate Sway Frame
B C
100 kN
A D
4m
5m
6m
60o
4m
A D
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.2 : Basic Concepts
Moment Distribution Method – Basic Concepts

The following beam will be used to illustrate moment-distribution.
1. Rotation is possible at both B and C
2. Rotation at B and C are prevented and the load is

applied. FEM will result. These are called the initial
moments.
3. Allow B to rotate until moment equilibrium is reached.

Rotation at B will induce a moment at C.
4. Allow C to rotate until moment equilibrium is

reached. The rotation of C will induce a moment at B.
5. Repeat this process until moment equilibrium is

reached at the nodes.
Moment Distribution Method – Basic Concepts
Assume that the sum of the initial moments at the node B is equal to M 0.
Rotation will take place until moment equilibrium is attained, for example, sum moments ΣMB = 0.
D D
Therefore: M BA +M BC + Mo = 0 Equation 1
D D
Where M BA and M BC are the moments as a result
of the rotation at B (θB), and are called the
distribution moments.
Remember that all the other rotations and sway are prevented. But;
MDBA + MDBC + Mo = 0
Equation 2
Solve for θB;
In a similar fashion,
Equation 4
Equation 3
Solve the distribution moments;
Equation 5
Equation 6
Where;
kBA is the stiffness of the member (Member Stiffness Factor) BA at the node B. It is also the moment that
would be induced if a unit rotation were applied at B in the member BA and the rotation at A was zero.
D D
M BA and M BC are the distribution moments which depend on the Distribution Factor, DF at B.
Member Stiffness Factor (K)
Generally;
For internal member and far-end member fixed at Far-end member pinned or roller at end
end support; support;
4 EI 3EI
K eqn 12.1 K eqn 12.4
L L
Example: KBC = KCB = 4EI/L2 KAB = KBA = 3EI/L1
KCD = KDC = 4EI/L3

Modification of the Stiffness Factor
(i) Symmetric beam and loading (ii) Symmetric beam with antisymmetric
loading
The stiffness factor for the center span The stiffness factor for the center
(BC) is; span (BC) is;
2 EI 6 EI
K eqn 12.1 K eqn 12.1
L L
If B rotates a bending moment will be induced at A and C. Assume a rotation θB and calculate the moment at
A,
Equation 7
But bear in mind, from Equation 4:
Equation. 8
Dividing Equation 8 to Equation 5 and get ;
MDAB = ½ MDBA
The distributed bending moment is half the value of the distributed bending moment at B.
This is called the Carry-over Factor, CBA = ½.

Carry Over Factor
CO = 0 CO = 0.5 CO = 0.5 CO =
0.5
CO = 0.5 for opposite end fixed
CO = 0.0 for opposite end pinned or cantilevered
Example:
Member A to B B to A B to C C to B C to D D to C
CO 0.5 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Joint Stiffness Factor (∑K) and Distribution Factor (DF)
Mi 
K iM K i
DFi    i

M i  M
DF Ki   K
Sum of member stiffness factor at one joint; i
K Member Stiffness Factor

KT   K  4000  5000
DF  DF 
K
1000
Joint eqn 12.2eqn10000
12.2
K K Stiffness Factor
Example: 3EI/L1
Example: DFAB = =1
KB = KBA + KBC 3EI/L1 + 0
= 3EI/L1 + 4EI/L2
DFBA = 3EI/L1
KC = KCB + KCD 3EI/L1 + 4EI/L2
= 4EI/L2 + 4EI/L3 Do you know?
4EI/L2
DFCB = 4EI/L2 + 4EI/L3
DF = 1 for pinned or cantilevered end
DF = 0 for fixed end
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.3 : Moment Distribution Procedures
Moment Distribution Procedures
 Calculate stiffness factors for each member (K).
 Calculate distribution factors (DF) at both ends of each member.
 Determine carry-over factors (CO) at both ends of each member.
 Assume all joints are fixed and calculate fixed-end moments (FEM) for each member.
 Balance pinned (to zero) and distribute half the moment to the opposite end.
 Distribute the unbalanced moments at all other joints to each adjacent member based on the
distribution factor.
 Carryover the distributed moments to the opposite ends of the each member using the carryover
factors.
 Iterate steps 6 and 7 until moment imbalance at each joint approaches zero.
Fixed End Moments


indeterminate beams. (CO2PO5)
(CO2PO5)
for indeterminate beams. (CO2PO5)
4) Able to draw the shear force diagram,
bending moment diagram, and deflected
shape for indeterminate beams.
(CO1PO2)
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.4 : Moment Distribution for Beam
Example 1: Moment distribution for beam
Determine the internal moments at each support of the beam as shown in Figure Q1.
Figure Q1
Solution :
Solution:
Member stiffness factor (K) Distribution factor (DF)
KAB = KBA = 4EI/L1 for Fixed end support, DF = 0
KBC = KCB = 4EI/L2
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
K 4(2EI)/8 = 4
EIE ( 40) EI 4(3EI)/8 = 1.5 EI 1.5 EI 4 E (4
DFAB   0 DFAB 
∑K EI +   4 E ( 40) 2.5EI 1.5 EI +   4 E
DF = K/∑K 0 0.4 0.6 0
4 E (60) 4 E (6
DFCB  0 DFCB 
Carry over factor (CO)   4 E (60)   4E
for opposite end fixed, CO= 0.5
Fixed End Moment (FEM)

FEMAB = - 20(8)/8 = - 20 kNm FEMBA = 20 kNm
2
FEMBC = - 3(8) /12 = - 16 kNm FEMCB = 2(8)2/12 = 16 kNm
Moment distribution table:
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
DF 0 0.4 0.6 0
FEM (kNm) -20 20 -16 16
Bal & Dist 0 -1.6 -2.4 0
Co -0.8 0 0 -1.2
Bal & Dist 0 0 0 0
∑M -20.8 18.4 -18.4 14.8
MAB = -20.8 kNm, MBA = 18.4 kNm, MBC = -18.4 kNm, MCB = 14.8 kNm
Example 2: same as example 1 but support A change to pin
a) Determine all the support reactions and also,

b) Draw shear and bending moment diagrams.
Solution :
Solution:
Member stiffness factor (K) Distribution factor (DF)
KAB = KBA = 3EI/L1 for pinned end support, DF = 1
KBC = KCB = 4EI/L2 for Fixed end support, DF = 0
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB
K 3(2EI)/8 = 0.75 0.75 EI 4(3EI)/8 = 1.5 EI 1.5 EI 4 E (4
EI DFAB 
  4E
∑K 0.75 EI 2.25 EI 1.5 EI +
DF = 1 0.333 0.667 0 4 E (6
K/∑K DFCB 
Fixed End Moment (FEM)   4E
Carry over factor (COF)
Assume all joints are fixed,
for opposite end pinned, COF= 0
FEMAB = - 20(8)/8 = - 20 kNm FEMBA = 20 kNm
for opposite end fixed, COF= 0.5 2
FEMBC = - 3(8) /12 = -16 kNm FEMCB =16 kNm
Moment Joint A B C
distribution
table: Member AB BA BC CB
DF 1 0.333 0.667 0
FEM (kNm) -20 20 -16 16
Bal (for pin only) 20
Co (for pin only) 10
Bal & Dist -4.66 -9.34 0
Co 0 -4.67
Bal & Dist 0 0 0
∑M 0 25.34 -25.34 11.33
Member end forces:
Shear force diagram (SFD) & Bending moment diagram (BMD)

Example 3: Over-hanging beam

Determine the internal moment at each support of the beam as shown in Figure Q3.
Figure Q3
Solution :
Solution:
A moment does not get distributed in the overhanging span AB, So the distribution factor DFBA =0
Span BC is based on 4EI/L since the pin rocker is not at the far end of the beam.
Joint B C D
Member BA BC CB CD DC
K 0 4(E)(300)(106) 300(106) E 4(E)(240)(106)/ 320(106) E
/4 3 4 E (4
DFAB 
= 300(106) E = 320(106) E
  4E
∑K 300(106) E 620(106) E 320(106) E +
DF = 0 1 0.484 0.516 0 4 E (6
K/∑K DFCB 
Fixed End Moments   4E
Due to overhang; FEMBA = 2000N(2m) = 4000Nm FEMBC = -wL2/12 = -2000Nm
FEMCB = wL2/12 = 2000Nm

Moment distribution table

Joint B C D
Member BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0 1 0.484 0.516 0
FEM (Nm) 4000 -2000 2000 0 0
Bal & Dist 0 -2000 -968 -1032 0
Co -484 -1000 0 -516
Bal & Dist 484 484 516 0
Co 242 242 0 258
Bal & Dist -242 -117.1 -124.9 0
Co -58.6 -121 0 -62.4

Bal & Dist 58.6 58.6 62.4 0
Co 29.3 29.3 0 31.2
Bal & Dist -29.3 -14.2 -15.1 0
Co -7.1 -14.6 0 -7.6
Bal & Dist 7.1 7.1 7.6 0
Co 3.5 3.5 0 3.8

Bal & Dist -3.5 -1.7 -1.8 0
Co -0.8 -1.8 0 -0.9
Bal & Dist 0.8 0.9 0.9 0

Co 0.4 0.4 0 0.4
Bal & Dist -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 0
∑M 4000 -4000 587 -587 -293.5

Bending moment diagram (BMD)

Example 4:
A continuous beam ABCDE is loaded as shown in Figure Q4. The relative flexural rigidities EI of
each span is as indicated.
a) Evaluate all the support moments using the moment distribution method. (15
marks)
b) Recalculate all the support moments if, in addition to the loads shown, support A settles
vertically 2 cm.
(7 marks)
c) Comment on the increase or decrease in the sagging and hogging moments in the beam.
(3
marks) 5 kN
Given I = 250 x 106 mm4 and E = 200 GPa Solution :
1m 4 kN/m
2 kN/m 2 kN/m
A E
I 2I 3I I
B C D
6m 6m 6m 3m
Solution :
Figure Q4
Solution : Question 4 (a)

Moment distribution table

Question 4 (b);
Question 4 (c);
Joint A
 Increase 136.86 kNm in sagging moment (+ve)
Joint B
 Increase 107 kNm in sagging moment (+ve)
Joint C
 Decrease 31.21 kNm in hogging moment (-ve)
Joint A
 Similar

indeterminate frames without sidesway.
(CO2PO5)
(CO2PO5)
for indeterminate frames without sidesway.
(CO2PO5)
4) Able to draw the bending moment diagram,
for indeterminate frames without sidesway.
(CO1PO2)
Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.5 : Moment Distribution for Frame
Moment Distribution for Frame

Type of frame Criteria Procedure of Analysis
Non-sway Frame • Symmetrical loading • Same as beam

• Symmetrical geometry
(without horizontal restrained)
• Horizontal load
• Nonsymmetrical vertical load
• Nonsymmetrical geometry
( but with proper horizontal
restrained)
Sway Frame • Horizontal load Stage1: Non-sway analysis

• Nonsymmetrical vertical load • Apply a restrained, R to prevent the frame
• Nonsymmetrical geometry from side-sway.
• Different support conditions • Moment distribution for non-sway frame.
• Settlement of support
• Different EI for frame members Stage 2: sway analysis
( without horizontal restrained) • Release R, a same but in opposite force
R’ apply to make the frame sway.
• Moment distribution for sway frame.
Example 5: Frame without sway (non-sway frame)
Determine the internal moment at the joints of the frame shown in Figure Q4. There is a pin at E and
D and a fixed support at A. EI is constant.
Figure Q5
Solution :
Solution:
By inspection, the pin at E will prevent the frame from side-sway.
Joint A B C D D
Member AB BA BC CB CD CE DC EC
K 4(EI)/5 = 0.8E
4(EI)/6 0.667E 3(EI)/5 = 3(EI)/4 = 0.6EI 0.75EI
0.8EI I = I 0.6EI 0.75EI
4 E ( 40 )
0.667E
DFAB  0
  4 E ( 40)I
∑K 0.8EI + 1.467EI 2.017EI 0.6EI 0.75EI
40.54
E (600.455
)
CB   0.330
DF =DF 0 0 0.298 0.372 1 1
K/∑K   54 E (60)
Fixed End Moments
 wL2
( FEM ) BC   135kNm
12
wL2
( FEM ) CB   135kNm
12
Moment distribution table:


Example 6: Frame without sway (non-sway frame)

The rigid-jointed plane frame in Figure Q1 is pinned to the foundation at A and D, and supported
on rollers to the wall at C. There is a horizontal concentrated load at E and the flexural rigidity EI
of each member is as indicated.
a) Show that inserting a hinge at the centre of member AB and member BC of the rigid-jointed
frame above renders the second order statically indeterminate structure to statically
determinate and stable. (2 marks)
b) Calculate the member end moments and draw the bending moment diagram for the frame in
the absence of the hinge using moment distribution, highlighting all the salient points.
(18 marks)
200kN E
EI 1m
B C
EI Solution :
EI EI 3m
Figure Q6
A D
4m
Solution: Question 6(a)

Solution: Question 6(b)
Distribution Factor, DF;

Moment
Distribution Table;
Place your elements inside red box. Do not resize, edit or delete red box.

indeterminate frames having sidesway.
(CO2PO5)
(CO2PO5)
for indeterminate frames having sidesway.
(CO2PO5)
4) Able to draw the bending moment diagram,
for indeterminate frames having sidesway.
(CO1PO2)
Moment distribution for sway frames

To determine sides-way and the internal moments at the joints using moment distribution, we will
use the principle of superposition.
R
R ’
Stage 1 Stage 2
Real structure (sway) Restraining R applied Opposite direction of R, R’

(Non-sway) applied (sway)
Moment, M Moment, M1 + Moment, M2

=
By moment distribution, Assume R’ causing a Δ (FEM

due to Δ)
get M1
(FEM due to external loads)
Moment distribution, get
M2’
Value of R by static of Value of R’ by static of

equilibrium ∑FX = 0 equilibrium ∑FX = 0
M2 = R/R’ (M2’), R/R’ is a correction factor
Thus, Final Moment M = M1 + R/R’ (M2’)

Example 7: Sway frame

Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Figure Q5. EI is constant
Figure Q7
Solution :
Solution:
By inspection, this frame will sway due to non-symmetrical of vertical load and no horizontal
restrained.
= +
Stage 1 Stage 2
Actual frame
Non-sway analysis, M1 Sway analysis, M2’
Distribution Factor:
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
K 4EI/5 = 0.8 0.8 EI 4EI/5 = 0.8 EI 4EI/5 = 0.8 EI 0.8 EI

EI 4 E ( 40) 0.8EI 4 E (4
DFAB  0 DFAB 
∑K 0.8 EI +   4 E ( 401.6
) EI 1.6 EI 0.8 EI +   4 E
DF = 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
4 E (60 ) 4 E (6
K/∑K DFCB  0 DFCB 
  4 E (60)   4E
Stage 1: Non-sway analysis
16(4) 2 (1)
Fixed End Moments; ( FEM ) BC   10.24kNm
(5) 2
16(1) 2 (4)
( FEM ) CB   2.56kNm
(5) 2
Moment distribution table: To find R,
B 5.78 kNm C 2.72 kNm
5m 5m
2.88 kNm 1.32 kNm

A D
Ax = 1.73 kN Dx = 0.81 kN
R
∑FX = 0
R = 1.73 - 0.81 = 0.92 kN
Ax = 1.73 kN Dx = 0.81kN
Stage 2: Sway analysis

Assume R’ is applied at C, causing the frame to deflect Δ’.
Since both B and C happen to be displaced the same Δ’, AB and DC have the same E, I and L and
both A and D are fixed support.
Fixed End Moments
FEMAB = FEMDC Due to Δ’,
FEMAB = - 6EI Δ’/52 = -0.24 EI
FEMBA = - 0.24 EI
FEMCD = - 0.24 EI
FEMDC = - 0.24 EI
Assume FEMAB = - 0.24 EI = -100 kNm

Thus, FEMBA = - 100 kNm
FEMCD = - 100 kNm

FEMDC = - 100 kNm
Moment distribution table: To find R’,
C
B 60 kNm
60 kNm
5m 5m
80 kNm 80 kNm
A D
Ax’ = 28 kN Dx’ = 28 kN
R’
∑FX = 0
R’ = 28 + 28 = 56 kN
Ax’ = 28 kN Dx’ = 28 kN
Final moment,
M = M1 + R/R’ (M2’ ) R/R’ = 0.92/56 = 0.0164
AB BA BC CB CD DC
M1 2.88 5.78 -5.78 2.72 -2.72 -1.32
M2= R/R’*M2’ -1.31 -0.99 0.99 0.99 -0.99 -1.31
M (kNm) 1.57 4.79 -4.79 3.71 -3.71 -2.63

Example 8: Sway frame

A rigid-jointed plane frame ABC in Figure Q8 is supported by roller at C and pinned at A. The
relative flexural rigidities of each member is as indicated. The frame is subjected to the uniformly
distributed load of 25 kN/m on span BC.
a) Calculate all the member end moments using the moment distribution method. (20
marks)
b) Draw the bending moment diagram for span BC only, highlighting all the salient points. (5
marks)
Solution :
Solution :
Figure Q8
Solution: Question 8 (a)

Stage 1 (Non-sway analysis)
Fixed End Moments;
Reactions;
Moment distribution table: Stage 2: Sway analysis
25 kN/m
( as there is no other
horizontal force)
Stage 2: Sway analysis Reaction;
Distribution Table;
Final Moments;
Question 8 (b): Bending Moment Diagram (kNm)

Moment Distribution Method

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Moment Distribution Method

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Moment Distribution Method

Chapter 1 : Moment Distribution Method Topic 1.0 : Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes Week 3

At the end of this topic, students should be :

4) Able to draw the shear force diagram,

Prestress T Beam Timber Frame

This chapter consist of:-

1) Moment distribution of indeterminate beam.

2) Moment distribution of indeterminate non-sway frame.

3) Moment distribution of indeterminate sway frame.

Moment Distribution Method – Introduction

 By using moment-distribution we are able to investigate each effect separately.

Moment Distribution Method – Basic Concepts

1. Rotation is possible at both B and C

2. Rotation at B and C are prevented and the load is

3. Allow B to rotate until moment equilibrium is reached.

4. Allow C to rotate until moment equilibrium is

5. Repeat this process until moment equilibrium is

Moment Distribution Method – Basic Concepts

Solve the distribution moments;

Member Stiffness Factor (K)

KCD = KDC = 4EI/L3

Modification of the Stiffness Factor

But bear in mind, from Equation 4:

Dividing Equation 8 to Equation 5 and get ;

This is called the Carry-over Factor, CBA = ½.

Carry Over Factor

CO = 0.5 for opposite end fixed

CO = 0.0 for opposite end pinned or cantilevered

Joint Stiffness Factor (∑K) and Distribution Factor (DF)

K Member Stiffness Factor

Moment Distribution Procedures

 Calculate stiffness factors for each member (K).

 Calculate distribution factors (DF) at both ends of each member.

 Determine carry-over factors (CO) at both ends of each member.

Fixed End Moments

Learning Outcomes Week 4

At the end of this topic, students should be :

Example 1: Moment distribution for beam

KAB = KBA = 4EI/L1 for Fixed end support, DF = 0

KBC = KCB = 4EI/L2

Fixed End Moment (FEM)

Moment distribution table:

Example 2: same as example 1 but support A change to pin

a) Determine all the support reactions and also,

Shear force diagram (SFD) & Bending moment diagram (BMD)

Example 3: Over-hanging beam

FEMCB = wL2/12 = 2000Nm

Moment distribution table

Bal & Dist 0 -2000 -968 -1032 0

Co -484 -1000 0 -516

Bal & Dist 484 484 516 0

Co 242 242 0 258

Bal & Dist -242 -117.1 -124.9 0

Co -58.6 -121 0 -62.4

Co 29.3 29.3 0 31.2

Bal & Dist -29.3 -14.2 -15.1 0

Co -7.1 -14.6 0 -7.6

Bal & Dist 7.1 7.1 7.6 0

Co 3.5 3.5 0 3.8

Co -0.8 -1.8 0 -0.9

Bal & Dist 0.8 0.9 0.9 0

Bal & Dist -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 0

∑M 4000 -4000 587 -587 -293.5