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626
Offshore Drilling
Lesson 17
The Bottomhole
Assembly (BHA)
1
The Bottomhole Assembly
(BHA)
2
Homework
READ: “Applied Drilling Engineering”,
Ch. 8 (to page 440)
3
PDM
(kips) MAXIMUM
BEARING
LOAD
BALANCED
(kips)
ΔPBIT
MAXIMUM
(kips)
Fig. 8.116: Thrust & Bit Wt. Balance. 4
Fig. 8.116: Thrust & Bit Wt. Balance for PDM.
BALANCED
FBIT = ΔPBIT * A
= 500 * 24
ΔPBIT = 500 psi
= 12,000 lbf
What if
WB = 12,000 lbf WB = 0 ?
5
Fig. 8.120: Regular Drill
Pipe
Bottomhole Drillpipe
assemblies. Heavy Weight
Drillpipe
Bit
Roller Reamer
9
Fig. 8.122:
Typical slick
BHA drilling Outside Diameter
ahead at an of Drill Collar
inclination Inside Diameter
alpha (α). of Drill Collar
The type and quantity of metal in the collars dictate the weight
of the collars and their elastic behavior (stiffness - EI)
10
Fig. 8.123: Moment of inertia representation.
I yy = ∫
2
y dA =
π
64
[d e
4
− di
4
]
A
Jz = ∫ dA = ∫ 2 π rdr
2 2
r r
A A
r2
⎡r ⎤
4
= 2π ∫r dr = 2 π
3
di ⎢ ⎥
A ⎣ 4 ⎦ r1
Jz =
π
32
[d e
4
− di
4
]
de
12
Moment of Inertia
I=
π
64
[ 4
d e − di
4
] (8.91)
(bending)
14
Solution to Example
8.23
I6 =
π 4
64
(
6 − 2.1875 = 62.5 in
4 4
)
J6 = 2(62.5 ) = 125.0 in 4
I11 =
π
64
(
11.0 − 3.0 = 715 in
4 4 4
)
J11 = 2(715 ) = 1,430 in 4
Note that increasing the OD from 6 to 11 in increased I by a factor of 11!
15
Table 8.17: Typical Properties of Some
Common Alloys and Metals
10
5 Aluminum
(E=10x106 psi)
ID=2.5”
0
Outside Diameter, in
E A ΔL E A
F= = ΔL = k x
L L
F=kx Hooke’s Law, with
k = spring constant and
x = extension
18
Tangencies for slick and pendulum BHA’s
Use of Stabilizer
increases the
tangency length
LT LT = Tangency Length
Wb = Axial Load, WOB
FP
19
Example 8.25
Buoyed Weight of DC
gDetermine the net weight of 45 steel drill
collars, each 10” * 3 1/16” * 31’ .
Density of mud = 16 lb/gal
3
Density of steel = 490 lb/ft W B
⎛ ρ
= WAIR ⎜⎜1 − MUD
⎞
⎟⎟
⎝ ρSTEEL ⎠
2 2
Wair = π/4(10 - 3.0626 )(31/144) * 45 * 490
= 337,852 lbs
Wnet = 337,852 (1 - 16*7.48/490) = 255,300 lbs
20
Example 8.26
g Determine the negative side
force in a 9-lbm/gal mud, for a
slick BHA whose air weight is I
98.6 lbm/ft. Bit weight = 0.
g The wellbore is at an
inclination of 4 degrees and
length to the point of the LT
( 98.6 ) (25ft )
I
FP = − 0 . 5 lbf/ft
⎛ 9 lb/gal * 7.48gal/cu .ft ⎞
* ⎜1 − ⎟ sin 4 o
⎜ 489 lb/cu.ft ⎟
⎝ ⎠
FP = − 74.1 lbf LT
W
{ sin 4o = 0.0698 }
22 FP
Axial
Load
Tangency
with No
Weight on
Bit
New Reduced
Tangency Length
No
Bending Bending
Force Force Reduced
Bit Direction Pendulum Force
Maximum New Bit
Pendulum Direction
Force
l = (dH - dDC)/2 FP
LT = ⎢ ⎥ (1)
⎣ W c B c (sin I ) x ⎦
3 (tanu − u )
where x = (2)
u3
0.5
LT ⎛ PC ⎞
and u = ⎜ ⎟ (3)
2 ⎝ EI ⎠
Also, P C = P B − 0.5 W C B C L T cos I (4)
25
Steps to Determine LT
g 1. Guess value of LT
g 2. Calculate PC from Equation 4
g 3. Calculate u from Equation 3
g 4. Calculate x from Equation 2
g 5. Calculate LT from Equation 1 and
compare it with the assumed value
of LT
26
Table 8.18: Resulting Side Forces and
Tangency Length for Various WOB
FP FP
400
0
Resultant Force
-200 with zero
Negative Side Force - due to 0.5WL sin I formation force
-400 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
29
50 40 30
0
-200
L1
60k
Side Force,lb.
-400
40k
-600 20k
-800
60 70 80 90 100
Distance From Bit To Stabilizer, ft
0 60K
40K
-200
Side Force, lb
20K DROP
-400
-600 L1
-800
50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance From Bit to Stabilizer, ft
Fig. 8.130: Side force vs. pendulum collar length; 12
I/4-in. hole, 6 1/2-in. collars, 10 1/2-lbm/gal mud, 10
degrees inclination.
With flimsier drill collars, bit weight can be high enough to overcome the pendulum31effect
Fig. Tangency
8.131:
Typical L3 is
two- unknown.
stabilizer Must estimate
BHA. initially
32
-400
60’
Side Force, lb
-500
60’+30’
70’
50’
30’
Note that if the stabilizer is too far above the bit, the point of tangency can occur in 34
between
Collar Size: 9 1/2” 8” 7” 6”
Side force
Side force = 814 lbf
= 3,343 lbf
70 ft
Rate of Build:
1 degree/100 ft
4,000
Building hole
angle at a constant 5,000
rate,
i.e., incl. α MD Angle, I
38
THE END
39