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CFM56-ALL
BORESCOPE INSPECTION
SEP 2003
CTC-229 Level 3
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
Published by CFMI
EFFECTIVITY Page 1
ALL CFM56 ENGINES GENERAL
Issue 01
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 2
ALL CFM56 ENGINES GENERAL
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Issue 01
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
This CFMI publication is for Training Purposes Only. The information is accurate at the time of compilation; however, no
update service will be furnished to maintain accuracy. For authorized maintenance practices and specifications, consult
pertinent maintenance publications.
The information (including technical data) contained in this document is the property of CFM International (GE and
SNECMA). It is disclosed in confidence, and the technical data therein is exported under a U.S. Government license.
Therefore, None of the information may be disclosed to other than the recipient.
In addition, the technical data therein and the direct product of those data, may not be diverted, transferred, re-exported
or disclosed in any manner not provided for by the license without prior written approval of both the U.S. Government and
CFM International.
EFFECTIVITY Page 3
ALL CFM56 ENGINES GENERAL
Issue 01
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 4
ALL CFM56 ENGINES GENERAL
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Issue 01
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
LEXIS
EFFECTIVITY Page 5
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 6
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 7
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 8
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 9
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 10
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 11
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 12
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
U
UER UNSCHEDULED ENGINE REMOVAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 13
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
°F = 1.8 x °C + 32 °C = ( °F - 32 ) /1.8
EFFECTIVITY Page 14
ALL CFM56 ENGINES LEXIS
Issue 02
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EFFECTIVITY Page 15
ALL CFM56 ENGINES CONTENTS
BORESCOPE Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
LEXIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
EFFECTIVITY Page 16
ALL CFM56 ENGINES CONTENTS
BORESCOPE Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
EFFECTIVITY Page 17
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INTRODUCTION
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
ON CONDITION MAINTENANCE
CFM56 engines use a maintenance concept called ‘On - Any obvious incidents that may have contributed to,
Condition Maintenance’. This means that engines have or immediately preceded, an event.
no periodic overhaul schedules and can remain installed
under the wing until something important occurs, or when Lubrication particles analysis.
lifetime limits of parts are reached. Lubrication oil circulating in the engine is filtered, and
large, visible-to-the-eye particles (larger than 10 microns)
For this reason, to monitor and maintain the health of an are collected in filters and magnetic chip detectors, for
engine, different tools are available. visual inspection. Analysis of these particles, that usually
indicate worn or broken engine parts, may show that the
Engine performance trend monitoring. internal parts of the engine have to be inspected in detail.
To evaluate engine deterioration over a period of time,
certain engine parameters, such as gas temperature, Engine vibration monitoring system.
are recorded and compared to those initially observed Sensors located in various positions in the engine, send
at engine installation on the aircraft. Any abnormalities vibration values to the on-board monitoring system. When
can be immediately identified and further investigation vibration values are excessive, the data recorded can be
initiated. used to take remedial balancing action.
EFFECTIVITY Page 18
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INTRODUCTION
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 19
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INTRODUCTION
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 20
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INTRODUCTION
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 21
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INTRODUCTION
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 22
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INTRODUCTION
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
BASIC ENGINE
PARTICULARS Page 23
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
Combustor Section
CFM56 engines consist of two independent rotating
systems: (-2, -3, -5A, -5C) :
Annular SAC
- The low pressure system, with a rotational speed (-5B, -7B) :
designated N1. Annular SAC (option DAC)
- The high pressure system, with a rotational speed
designated N2. (ALL) :
High Pressure Turbine (HPT) Module
Type of engine Turbo fan
Stage 1
Arrangement Two spool axial flow
Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) Module
Rotation Clockwise (ALF)
(-2, -3, -5A, -5B, -7B) :
Fan & Booster Module Stages 1 to 4
(-5C) :
Fan Stage 1 Stages 1 to 5
Stages 1 to 9
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) : Booster spool rotating air seals rub against the inner
After entering the air inlet cowl, the total engine airflow shroud, and rotor blades rub against the outer shrouds.
passes through fan rotor blades, which form stage 1 of
the low pressure compressor (LPC). Booster rotor.
The booster rotor consists of a booster spool mounted
Most of the airflow (secondary), is ducted overboard on the rear of the fan disk. The blades are installed in
through Outlet Guide Vanes (OGV’s). The remaining circumferential dovetail slots.
airflow (primary), is directed through a booster, where it
is pressurized. (-5A, -5B, -5C, -7B) :
Each stage has 2 blade locks to ensure the blades are
(-5B, -5C) : retained and prevented from rotating in the slot. The
The booster has 4 stages: stage 2 to stage 5. position of the locks is shifted between stages.
(-2, -3, -5A, -7B) :
The booster has 3 stages: stage 2 to stage 4. Borescope ports.
(-2, -3, -5A, -7B) :
(ALL) : At approx. the 3:30 clock position, there is an unplugged
The OGV assembly consists of vanes and an inner hole S0, through the OGV inner shroud, at the stage 3
shroud. A splitter fairing separates the primary and vane assembly.
secondary airflows.
(-5B, -5C) :
Booster stator. At approx. the 3:30 clock position, there are 2 unplugged
The stator assembly consists of vanes and inner & outer holes, S03 and S05, through the OGV inner shroud.
shrouds. All vane stages are bolted together.
S03 is located at the stage 3 vane assembly, and S05 at
The shrouds have abradable material, which faces the stage 5 vane assembly.
rotating parts.
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE INSPECTION
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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FAN AND BOOSTER
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
The HPC is a 9-stage compressor mounted between the The case has internal machined circumferential slots that
fan frame and the combustor case. hold the fixed vanes of stages 6, 7 and 8. The vanes are
It consists of a rotor and front and rear stators. assembled into segments.
Fixed vane stage 9 is part of the combustion case.
Front stator.
The front stator is constructed with upper and lower Rotor.
cases bolted together at their split-line flanges. The stage 1-2 spool is mounted on the rotor shaft. It has
individual axial blade slots and inter-stage labyrinth seals.
It consists of :
- the inlet guide vanes (IGV’s). The stage 3 disk supports the stage 4-9 spool and also
- the variable stator vanes (VSV’s), stages 1, 2 and 3. has individual axial blade slots.
- the fixed stator vanes stages 4 and 5.
The stage 4-9 spool is bolted onto the stage 3 disk. It
The IGV’s and VSV’s stages 1, 2 and 3 are installed has circumferential dovetail blade grooves and inter-stage
individually through the case. labyrinth seals.
There are 2 circumferential slots machined inside the Each stage on the 4-9 spool has 2 blade locks to
front stator case to hold fixed vane stages 4 and 5. The immobilize the blades. Their position is shifted between
vanes are assembled into segments. stages for balancing purposes.
Rear stator.
The rear stator case is made up of two halves bolted
together at their split-line flanges. It is installed inside the
front stator casing.
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Borescope ports. Special tools.
There are 9 plugged borescope ports on the lower stator Deep-well socket.
case, at approximately the 5 o’clock position, and they In case the shaft of borescope plugs S7, S8 or S9
are numbered S1 thru S9, where S1 is the most forward. breaks, remove the inner plug with a deep-well socket,
using the six flats at the end of the shaft.
Ports S1, S3, S5, and S6 have a 10mm diameter.
IMPORTANT : WHEN RE-INSTALLING PLUGS S7, S8
Ports S2, S4, S7, S8 and S9 have an 8mm diameter. OR S9, BE SURE TO APPLY THE RECOMMENDED
LUBRICANT TO THE THREADS AND CAREFULLY
S7, S8 and S9 plugs have a particular design. They are FOLLOW THE TORQUING PROCEDURES IN
double plugs. THE AMM .
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE INSPECTION
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTOR SECTION
(ALL) :
The combustor section, consisting of the combustion Single Annular Combustor (SAC).
case and chamber, is located between the HPC and the
LPT. The combustion chamber is housed in the combustion
It produces the necessary energy to drive the turbine case and is installed between the HPC stator stage 9 and
rotors. the HPT nozzle.
Fuel, supplied by 20 fuel nozzles around the combustion The combustion chamber consists of :
case, is mixed with air from the HPC and ignited by 2
igniter plugs, which are at the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. - The dome, which supports the fuel nozzles, sleeves
and deflectors.
The front face of the combustor is attached to the rear of
the HPC and its rear face is bolted onto the LPT module - The outer and inner cowls, which are bolted to the
front flange. outer and inner liners and the dome.
The rear part of the combustor houses the HPT module - The outer and inner liners, which are designed with
and the stage 1 LPT nozzle. panel overhangs containing closely spaced holes
for film cooling.
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE INSPECTION
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTOR SECTION
(-5B, -7B) :
Double Annular Combustor (DAC).
The combustion case has 20 double-tip fuel nozzles The outer and inner liners are designed with panel
mounting pads and accommodates 3 fuel supply overhangs which have closely spaced holes providing
manifolds. air film cooling. Both inner and outer liners are thermal
barrier coated.
The combustion chamber is a short, conical structure
with a double burner and is contained in the combustion The cowl forms the front end of the combustor and is
case. scalloped to allow passage for HPC delivery air and for
fuel nozzles installation.
The Double Annular Combustor has an outer dome,
known as pilot, and an inner dome, known as main. The centerbody separates the pilot area from the main
area. There are 40 centerbodies that are a cast part,
The DAC consists of : which is cooled through film air cooling holes and internal
- outer and inner liners. heat transfer is increased by fins.
- cowl.
- centerbody. Each swirl cup consists of a primary and a secondary
- 20 pilot swirl cups. swirl nozzle. They force the air to rotate in opposite
- 20 main swirl cups. directions for efficient mixing of air with fuel.
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTOR SECTION
(ALL) :
Borescope ports.
Two other ports are available using the spark igniter ports
S10 and S11, which also have a 10mm diameter.
Refer to the AMM for removal procedures.
(-5B, -7B) :
The DAC combustion chamber has an extra port, S14.5,
at approximately the 9 o’clock position.
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
The HPT converts the kinetic energy of gasses from the The HPT shroud and stage 1 LPT nozzle assembly forms
combustion chamber into torque to drive the HPC and it the connection between the core section and the LPT
is housed in the combustion case. module.
It is a single-stage assembly that consists of : Stage 1 LPT nozzle is housed within the combustion
- the HPT nozzle. case, and consists of an assembly of vane sectors. It
- the HPT rotor. features trailing edge slots for cooling purposes.
- the HPT shroud and stage 1 LPT nozzle.
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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THE HPT & STAGE 1 LPT NOZZLE
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
The LPT drives the fan and booster through the LPT (-5B, -7B) :
shaft. The LPT rotor/stator has: 5 ports are available to inspect the LPT.
(-2, -3, -5A, -5B, -7B) : 4 stages (-5C) : 5 stages. They are designated S16, S17 ( stage 1), S18 (stage 2),
S19 (stage 3) and S20 (stage 4).
(ALL) :
It is located between the HPT and the turbine frame. (-5C) :
Its front flange is mounted on the rear flange of the 6 ports are available to inspect the LPT.
combustion module. They are designated S16, S17 ( stage 1), S18 (stage 2),
There is an aluminization coating on: S19 (stage 3), S20 (stage 4) and S21 (stage 5).
(-2, -3, -5A) : rotor stg 1 (-5B, -5C, -7B) : rotor stg 1 & 2.
(ALL) :
(ALL) : Stg 1 ports have an 8 mm diameter, and long plugs with
On all stages, each blade tip shroud has 2 seal teeth for hexagonal heads.
air sealing, and 3 of the blades have hard-coated tips
to rub against honeycomb material on the stator seal (-2, -3, -5A, -5B, -7B) :
segments. Stages 2 to 4 ports have a 10mm diameter, and are fitted
with (-2, -3, -5A) short plugs with hexagonal heads locked
Borescope ports. with wire (-5B, -7B) short self-locking plugs with socket
The LPT borescope ports are located on the combustion cylindrical socket heads.
case and around the LPT case at approximately:
(-5A, -5B, -5C, -7B) 5 and 8 o’clock (-2, -3) 3, 5 and 8 (-5C) :
o’clock. Stages 2 to 5 ports have a 10mm diameter, and are fitted
with short plugs with hexagonal heads locked with wire.
(-2, -3, -5A) :
5 ports are available to inspect the LPT. (ALL) :
They are designated S17, S18 ( stage 1), S20 (stage 2), CAUTION: DO NOT MIX SHORT AND LONG PLUGS
S21 (stage 3) and S22 (stage 4). BETWEEN PORTS. ENGINE DAMAGE MAY OCCUR.
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ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(-2) :
(ALL) : For maintenance tasks, the core can be turned manually
At engine start, the accessory drive system transmits through a handcranking pad on left side of the TGB.
external power from the engine air starter to drive the
core engine. (-3, -5A, -5B, -5C, -7B) :
For maintenance tasks, the core can be turned manually
When the engine is running, the accessory drive system through a handcranking pad on the front face of the AGB.
extracts part of the core engine power and transmits it
through a series of gearboxes and shafts in order to drive
the engine and aircraft accessories.
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CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
BASIC ENGINE
PARTICULARS Page 45
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
BASIC ENGINE
PARTICULARS Page 46
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
REQUIREMENTS
EFFECTIVITY Page 47
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
There are two limitation factors that have to be
considered when preparing for borescope inspection on
CFM56 engines.
EFFECTIVITY Page 48
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 49
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Probe 1 diameter limitation. To speed up the engine cool down time after shutdown,
the engine starter may be used to dry motor the engine,
Consult the table for port diameters where probe 1 can (Refer to the AMM).
be used.
This sufficiently reduces the hot section area temperature
Borescope equipment temperature limitations. to allow inspection. But as the temperature will rise
again due to engine temperature soak-back, it is further
It is not recommended that borescope inspection be recommended that engine hot section inspection be
accomplished at temperatures above 130°F (54°C). accomplished within 20 minutes, or before the internal
engine temperature reaches 130°F (54°C).
WARNING: HIGH TEMPERATURES MAY CAUSE
SERIOUS BURNS TO PERSONNEL AND DAMAGE TO CAUTION: REFER TO AIRPLANE OPERATION
THE FIBER OPTIC EQUIPMENT. MANUAL FOR STARTER DUTY CYCLE PRIOR TO
MOTORING THE ENGINE.
Consult the table for information about time limitations,
prior to inspecting a hot engine.
EFFECTIVITY Page 50
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
S11 S11 S11 10 MM 1 1/4 HEX HPT BLADE L/E 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
HPT SHROUD 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
S12 S12 S12 10 MM 7/8 HEX COMBUSTOR 3.5 hrs 2.0 hrs
S13 S13 S13 10 MM 7/8 HEX COMBUSTOR 3.5 hrs 2.0 hrs
S14 S14 S14 10 MM 7/8 HEX AND
S15 S15 S15 10 MM 7/8 HEX HPT NOZZLE L/E 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
S17 S16 S16 8 MM 7/8 HEX HPT BLADES T/E 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
S18 S17 S17 8 MM 7/8 HEX LPT STAGE 1 L/E 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
LPT CASE S20 S18 S18 10 MM 9/16 HEX STAGE 1 T/E 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
STAGE 2 L/E 4.5 hrs 3.0 hrs
S21 S19 S19 10 MM 9/16 HEX STAGE 2 T/E
STAGE 3 L/E 4.5 hrs 2.0 hrs
S22 S20 S20 10 MM 9/16 HEX STAGE 3 T/E
STAGE 4 L/E 4.5 hrs 2.0 hrs
-5C ONLY
-- S21 -- 10 MM 9/16 HEX STAGE 4 T/E 4.5 hrs 2.0 hrs
STAGE 5 L/E 4.5 hrs 2.0 hrs
EFFECTIVITY Page 51
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
DOCUMENTATION
(ALL) :
AMM.
EFFECTIVITY Page 52
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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INSPECT/CHECK MAXIMUM REMARKS
SERVICEABLE LIMITS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stages 1-4 compressor
blade airfoil leading
and trailing edge,
upper 75 percent:
CTC-229-015-00
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL INSPECTION CRITERIA
EFFECTIVITY Page 53
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BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
DOCUMENTATION
(ALL) :
NDTM.
Words such as nicks, dents and scratches, for example, The records and maps will remain in the engine folder
are often used in the AMM. until the damaged parts are repaired, or replaced.
The NDTM (Non Destructive Test Manual) provides a Note : When defect/damage maps are used, accomplish
comprehensive list and an explanation of these words in the mapping at the inspection site. Do not rely on memory
its Introduction section. of the defect in order to carry out the mapping in an office
after the inspection.
It also provides sample forms on which to record the
defects encountered, which include record forms and Photo recording.
maps for each rotor stage.
Whenever photos are made of a defect, a record of the
Recording of defects. photo should be made immediately.
It is highly recommended that a record be maintained for If the photo is not recorded relative to the engine
each borescope inspection conducted. serial number, stage, port, direction of view and date,
correlation of the hardware damage and the photo will be
The maps are provided so that any damage within extremely difficult.
serviceable limits can be recorded pictorially by blade
number and position on the blade. Refer to the NDTM for more information.
EFFECTIVITY Page 54
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 55
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Rigid borescope probe set.
EFFECTIVITY Page 56
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 57
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Rigid borescope probe set.
EFFECTIVITY Page 58
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 59
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Flexible probe set.
(-5B, -7B) :
Guide tube 856A1702 (red) is used for DAC engines.
(ALL) :
Optional equipment is available for cameras, computers,
VCR’S, and special tools that attach to the borescope
equipment.
EFFECTIVITY Page 60
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 61
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EQUIPMENT CHECKS
(ALL) :
The borescope resolution monitor.
EFFECTIVITY Page 62
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
LIGHT BUNDLE
RESOLUTION
TARGET
CLAMPING
DEVICE
BORESCOPE
LENS
CTC-229-020-00
BORESCOPE RESOLUTION MONITOR
EFFECTIVITY Page 63
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EQUIPMENT CHECKS
(ALL) :
The resolution target. Rigid probes.
The resolution target is divided into group and element For rigid probes with a 1:1 magnification at 2in., the
numbers, which gradually diminish in size towards the 6 individual lines (3 vertical and 3 horizontal) of group 3,
center of the display. element 4, should be distinguishable.
Group 0 is the largest display and group 7 is the smallest. For rigid probes with a magnification of 1:1 at 7in., the
6 individual lines of group 5, element 2, should be
All 7 groups have 6 elements in each. distinguishable.
EFFECTIVITY Page 64
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 65
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(-3, -7B) :
A pad is available on the front face of the AGB, to perform
either manual or motor-driven core engine rotation.
(-2) :
A pad is available on the left side of the transfer gearbox
(TGB), to perform either manual or motor-driven core
engine rotation.
EFFECTIVITY Page 66
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 67
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(-ALL) :
Supplied by a shop, or line air supply, this device provides
a smooth, even speed for turning the core rotor.
EFFECTIVITY Page 68
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 69
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Another way of turning the core is through Electronic
Turning Tool (ETT) Sweeney, P/N 18946, which adapts on
the same pad as the pneumatic motor.
ETT method:
EFFECTIVITY Page 70
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY Page 71
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY Page 72
ALL CFM56 ENGINES REQUIREMENTS
BORESCOPE INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 73
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
N1 rotor indexing.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 74
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 75
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Visual inspection of the fan blades is performed on a
regular basis depending on the MRB, or MPD.
Possible defects:
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 76
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 77
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Visual inspection of the outlet guide vanes (OGV) is
performed on a regular basis depending on the MRB, or
MPD.
Possible defects:
- missing material.
- nicks, dents, pits or scratches, usually due to
ingestion of small foreign objects such as sand,
stones, dust, tarmac, etc.
- distortion, cracks and deformation, usually due to
heavier foreign object damage (FOD), such as
birds, ice, hail, tires, etc.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 78
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 79
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Rigid probe No 2 (yellow), installed on a long right angle
adapter, can be used to reach the front of the splitter
fairing area in order to inspect the booster.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 80
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 81
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(-5B, -5C) :
To inspect the booster, unplugged borescope port S03
can be accessed with a probe installed on a long right
angle adapter.
(ALL) :
The port is located between 2 OGV’s, at approximately
the 3 o’clock position.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 82
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 83
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(-5B, -5C) :
After inspection through port S03, continue inspection of
the booster through port S05, using probe No 2 (yellow),
installed on a long right angle adapter.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 84
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 85
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) : Area E :
Booster rotor damage may occur after the engine - This area of the blade starts from the top of the
experienced an abnormal problem. The following list platform and extends toward the blade tip for
provides examples of conditions where a complete approximately 10 mm.
borescope inspection should be performed: Refer to the AMM for precise area.
There are 3 areas on the booster blades, which are Note : Defects should be classified in terms of criticality.
dimensionally defined using letters. Defects seen in one area can be more critical than the
same defects seen in another.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 86
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 87
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
During an inspection of the booster, any defects should
be assessed against the serviceability limits in the Aircraft
Maintenance Manual.
Possible defects:
- Cracks or tears.
- Nicks and scratches.
- Dents.
- Erosion.
- Tip curl.
- Pits.
- Distortion of leading and/or trailing edges.
- Missing material.
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 88
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 89
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
FAN AND
BOOSTER Page 90
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 91
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 92
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 93
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
N2 ROTOR INDEXING
(ALL) :
Stage 4 of the High Pressure Compressor is the first 5. The next blade is blade No 1. Position the leading
stage where the blades are retained in position with blade edge of blade No 1 in line with the leading edge of
locks. These locks can be used to determine a reference the stage 4 stator vane.
point.
6. If using a rotation tool, position the pointer on the
The following procedure enables the reference point for protractor to the 0 alignment mark.
the N2 rotor to be obtained. Refer to the AMM for more If turning the core manually through the
information. handcranking pad, position the wrench to the top
vertical position.
1. Open the VSV system. (AMM section 75-31-00).
The N2 rotor is now in the zero reference position.
2. Insert probe No 3 (green) into borescope port S4,
and look rearward at the compressor stage 4 rotor
blades.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 94
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 95
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
Inspection areas:
- The outer third of the rotor blade tip area and the
anti-erosion hard coating on the concave side.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 96
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 97
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
HPC rotor blade stages are all different. The lower area of the airfoil.
This is the airfoil root radius area, plus the area
From stage 1 to stage 9, they become smaller and are which extends toward the blade tip over approximately
under greater load as the air pressure increases. 25% of the height of the airfoil, and wraps around the
leading and trailing edges.
They are divided into 2 groups:
- stages 1 to 4 The top area of the airfoil.
- stages 5 to 9 - For stages 1 to 4, this is the blade tip.
- For stages 5 to 9, this is the blade tip, plus Area A.
Critical inspection areas are not dimensionally identical
for each stage, and the level of criticality is also different. Remaining areas.
They include:
- For stages 1 to 4, the area which wraps round the
leading and trailing edges over the remaining 75%
of the airfoil height.
- For stages 5 to 9, the area which wraps round the
leading and trailing edges, over a height limited to
Area B.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 98
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 99
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Possible defects:
- Cracks, or tears.
- Nicks and scratches.
- Dents.
- Erosion.
- Tip curl.
- Pits.
- Distortion of leading and/or trailing edges.
- Missing material.
- Dirt buildup.
- Cracks in blade locking lugs.
- Missing, or loose locking lugs.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 100
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMPRESSOR Page 101
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR Page 102
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 103
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(ALL) :
Single Annular Combustor (SAC).
The combustor is inspected through ports S12, S13, S14, Probe 1 (black, hi-mag) is recommended for viewing the
S15 and igniter ports S10 and S11, using probes 1, 2, 3 aft end of the inner and outer liners. It is also used for
or 4. evaluating defects that were found when using probes 2,
3, or 4.
Inspect for defects in the following 3 areas :
- outer liner. Note: If any defects are found during this inspection, do a
- inner liner. complete inspection of the combustion chamber. Map the
- dome assembly. defects on the special reporting form.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 104
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 105
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 106
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 107
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(ALL) :
Possible defects on SAC liners.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 108
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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CHAMBER Page 109
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(ALL) :
Inspection of the SAC dome area.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 110
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 111
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(ALL) :
Possible defects in the SAC dome area.
- Cracks, or tears.
- Erosion.
- Distortion of internal parts.
- Missing material.
- Dirt buildup.
- Burn-through holes.
- Flaking of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC).
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 112
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 113
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
Turn the borescope probe until the tips of the second fuel
nozzle, clockwise from the igniter are visible.
Insert the probe in the right igniter and then the other
borescope ports and repeat the same steps
.
All the fuel nozzles must be examined in turn and
assessed against the AMM serviceability limits.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 114
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 115
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(-5B, -7B) :
Double Annular Combustor (DAC). Probe 1 (black) is recommended for viewing the aft ends
of the inner and outer liners. It is also used for evaluating
The combustor is inspected through ports S12, S13, S14, defects that were found when using probes 2, 3, or 4.
S14.5, S15 and igniter ports S10 and S11.
If any defects are found during this inspection, a complete
Inspect for defects in the following 3 areas : inspection of the combustion chamber is performed. Map
- outer liner. the defects on the special reporting form.
- inner liner.
- dome assembly. Note: Take care when introducing the probe into the
chamber, so as not to damage the thermal barrier coating
Probe 2 (yellow) is recommended for general viewing of on the centerbody.
the combustion chamber.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 116
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 117
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(-5B, -7B) :
Inspection of DAC outer liner.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 118
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 119
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(-5B, -7B) :
Inspection of DAC dome area.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 120
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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CHAMBER Page 121
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(-5B, -7B) :
Possible defects in the DAC dome area. Possible defects on the DAC outer and inner liners.
Whenever the combustion chamber is inspected, the Carbon deposits are often misinterpreted as defects
following defects should be assessed with the AMM (holes, burn-through, cracks, etc.). Use the high
serviceability limits : magnification probe, and higher light intensity to confirm
the type of defect.
- Cracks, or tears.
- Erosion. The aft panel of the inner liner is susceptible to distortion
- Distortion of internal parts. and cracking. The first evidence of this is a discoloration
- Missing material. in a round spot approximately the size of a large dilution
- Dirt buildup. hole, which is followed by distortion and cracking. This
- Burn-through holes. usually occurs uniformly around the liner.
- Flaking of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC).
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 122
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 123
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
COMBUSTION SECTION
(-5B, -7B) :
Inspection of DAC chamber after birdstrike/FOD.
Turn the borescope probe until the tips of the second fuel
nozzle, clockwise from the igniter are visible.
Insert the probe in the right igniter and then the other
borescope ports and repeat the same steps
.
All the fuel nozzles must be examined in turn and
assessed against the AMM serviceability limits.
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 124
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 125
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
COMBUSTION
CHAMBER Page 126
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 127
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Inspection with rigid probe.
Insert the probe into the ports and inspect the concave
sides and leading edges of the nozzle segments.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 128
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 129
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Inspection with flexible probe.
Use the flexible probe with a guide tube to inspect the Carefully push the flexible probe into the guide tube to
HPT nozzle segments on the convex sides, the trailing inspect the next HPT nozzle segment.
edges and the platforms.
Remove the flexible probe and guide tube, re-insert them
CAUTION : DO NOT INSERT THE BORESCOPE BETWEEN in another borescope port and repeat the previous steps.
BLADES WHILE ROTATING THE ROTOR. THIS WILL
BREAK THE PROBE AND MAY REQUIRE ENGINE It is more convenient to use port S12 to inspect the
DISASSEMBLY TO REMOVE THE BROKEN PIECE. bottom left hand side of the engine, and port S14, to
inspect the right hand side.
Insert guide tube 856A1310 (blue), or 856A1351 (red),
and position it between two nozzle vanes.
Carefully insert the flexible probe into the guide tube and
monitor the probe insertion in between the nozzle vanes.
Inspect the convex side and trailing edge.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 130
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 131
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Inspection of the HPT nozzle is usually carried out in
conjunction with the combustion chamber inspection.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 132
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 133
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Possible defects. Leading edge damage :
- cracks.
Whenever the HPT nozzle is inspected, the following - burns and/or bulges.
defects should be assessed with the AMM serviceability - blocked cooling air passages.
limits:
Concave and convex surfaces :
- Discoloration (anywhere). - cracks.
- Missing thermal barrier coating,
- Erosion, Trailing edge damage :
- Spalled areas, - bulking and/or bowing.
- Craze cracks, and metal splatter, - cracks.
- Missing material,
- Dirty airfoils. Other airfoil areas :
- cracks.
- nicks, scores, scratches, or dents.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 134
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 135
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Inspection with a rigid probe.
(ALL) :
First, go through HPC port S4 and use probe No 3
(green) to perform the N2 rotor zero index position
procedure.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 136
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 137
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Inspection with a flexible probe.
Use the flexible probe with the guide tube to inspect the
HPT blade L/E and the forward part of the HPT shroud.
Carefully insert the flexible probe into the guide tube and
monitor the probe insertion in between the nozzle vanes.
Guide the tip of the flexible probe between the nozzle
vanes by using the tip deflection control and position it to
see the L/E of the HPT blades.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 138
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 139
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) : (ALL) :
HPT rotor damage may occur after engine abnormal Individual replaceable shroud segments face the blade
operation. tips and are cooled with CDP air.
They can be checked during inspection of the HPT rotor
The following list provides examples of the conditions leading edge and nozzle guide vane trailing edge.
where a complete inspection should be performed :
The inspection areas of the HPT are as follows:
- Core stall (N2).
- Overtemperature. 1- Blades:
- Metal in the tailpipe. - Leading edge.
- N2 overspeed, abnormal core vibrations, hard - Trailing edge.
landing. - Thermal barrier coating.
- Nose holes.
Rotor inspection areas. - Gill holes.
- Trailing edge slots.
Rotor blades are internally cooled by CDP air which - Concave surfaces.
enters through the blade root and exits through several - Convex surface.
rows of holes and a series of trailing edge slots. - Wear notches.
- Platforms.
To help you estimate the HPT blade wear, 2 of the blades
(-2, -3, -5A, -7B) or 4 of the blades (-5C) have 3 tip wear 2- HPT shrouds.
notches 0.010, 0.020 and 0.030 inch. They are located
180° apart (-2, -3, -5A, -7B) or 90° apart (-5C) around the
rotor.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 140
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 141
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Specific rotor blades inspection areas.
Area C :
- All around the blade, extending from the first T/E slot
just above the root fillet, toward the tip of the blade,
up to the sixth T/E slot.
Area B :
- All around the blade, extending from the seventh T/E
slot, toward the tip of the blade, up to the twelfth
T/E slot.
Area A :
- All around the blade, extending from the thirteenth
T/E slot, up to the tip film holes.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 142
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 143
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Possible defects.
Trailing edge :
- cracks.
Tip area :
- cracks.
- bent, curled, or missing pieces.
- tip trailing edge wear.
Blade platform :
- nicks and dents.
- cracks.
Cooling holes :
- cracks.
- plugging.
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 144
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 145
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
HIGH PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 146
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 147
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
Index the N1 rotor, and turn it CW (ALF) to see the L/E (-2, -3, -5A) :
and concave side. These three stages are viewed respectively through ports
Turn it CCW (ALF) to see the T/E and convex side. S20, S21 and S22.
(-5B, -7B) :
Stage 1 blades. These three stages are viewed respectively through ports
S18, S19 and S20.
Inspection of the leading edges and the concave sides of (-5C) :
the stage 1 LPT blades can be done during inspection of These four stages are viewed respectively through ports
the HPT blade trailing edges. S18, S19, S20 and S21.
(-2, -3, -5A) : Borescope plugs S17, S18, are removed (ALL) :
and an initial overall inspection, using the yellow probe, Through a given nozzle stage port, it is possible to view
may be performed to evaluate the blade condition. the T/E of the previous stage blade, and the L/E of the
current stage blade.
(-5B, -5C, -7B) : Borescope plugs S16, S17, are removed
and an initial overall inspection, using the yellow probe, Use probes 2, 3 and 4. To obtain a better evaluation of
may be performed to evaluate the blade condition. the defects, use probe 1 (black) where possible.
(ALL) : Use probes 2, 3 and 4 (yellow, green and blue) The trailing edge of the last stage blades can be
to inspect the blade roots and tips. inspected through an instrumentation boss on the turbine
frame.
EFFECTIVITY
LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 148
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 149
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 150
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 151
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Possible defects.
EFFECTIVITY
LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 152
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 153
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
(ALL) :
Possible defects on last stage blades.
EFFECTIVITY
LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 154
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
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LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 155
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
LOW PRESSURE
TURBINE Page 156
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
APPENDIX
BORESCOPE Page 157
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
BLADE QUANTITIES
EFFECTIVITY
APPENDIX
BORESCOPE Page 158
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
HP
ENGINE FAN & BOOSTER HP COMPRESSOR LP TURBINE
TURBINE
MODEL
ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 ST6 ST7 ST8 ST9 ST1 ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5
EFFECTIVITY
APPENDIX
BORESCOPE Page 159
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
APPENDIX
BORESCOPE Page 160
ALL CFM56 ENGINES INSPECTION Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
SERVICE BULLETINS
EFFECTIVITY
SERVICE
BULLETINS Page 161
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
SERVICE BULLETINS
EFFECTIVITY
SERVICE
BULLETINS Page 162
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
On-Wing Borescope Inspection of the 72-850 72-445 72-591 72-897 72-536 72-246 72-366 72-304
Combustion Chamber Outer Cowl
EFFECTIVITY
SERVICE
BULLETINS Page 163
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
TOC INSPECTION
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
EFFECTIVITY
SERVICE
BULLETINS Page 164
ALL CFM56 ENGINES Sep 03
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BORESCOPE
INSPECTION
TOC
CFM56-ALL TRAINING MANUAL
REFERENCE ILLUSTRATIONS
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CFM56-5B, -7B
CTC-229-045-1-00
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