Comprehensive

5/9/2016 Moodle Quiz XHTML Export
The neutral axis corresponding to balanced section condition is termed as
Critical neutral axis
Centroidal neutral axis
Balanced neutral axis
All the above
In a singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in steel reaches earlier than
that of concrete, the beam section as called
Under reinforced section
Over reinforced section
Balanced section
Critical section
The depth of neutral axis for under reinforced section is the depth of
critical neutral axis
Equal to
Greater than
Less than
None of the above
The depth of neutral axis for over reinforced section is the depth of
critical neutral axis
Equal to
Greater than
Less than
None of the above
For a balanced section, the tensile stress in the reinforcement
reaches its allowable stress
is always less than its allowable stress
may be greater than its allowable stress
none of the above
The depth of neutral axis for a balanced section is the depth of critical
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neutral axis
equal
always greater than
always less than [
may be sometimes greater than
Moment of resistance for a under reinforced section that of a critical
section
Is equal to
Is always greater than
Is less than
May be sometimes greater than
By overreinforcing a beam, the moment of resistance can be increased not more
than
10%
15%
25%
50%
The working stress method is also known as
Elastic method
Load factor method
Critical method
All the above
Working stress method of design results in percentages of
compression steel than that of a limit state method of design
Equal
Larger
Smaller
Half of the
As per IS;456, in working stress method of design, permissible tensile stress for
M20 grade concrete is given by
1. 2 N/mm2
1.5 N/mm2
2.0 N/mm2
2.8 N/mm2
In working stress method of design, permissible compressive bending stress for
M20 grade concrete is given by
5.0 N/mm2
7.0 N/mm2
10.0 N/mm2
20 N/mm2
As per IS: 456, permissible direct compressive stress M20 grade concrete in
working stress method of designer
5.0 N/mm2
7.0 N/mm2
10.0 N/mm2
20.0 N/mm2
As per IS: 456, permissible bond stress for plain bars in tension, in working
stress method, where M20, is the grade of concrete
0.6 N/mm2
0.8 N/mm2
1.0 N/mm2
1.2 N/mm2
As per IS:456, maximum shear stress for M20 glade concrete in working stress
method is
1.6 N/mm2
1.8 N/mm2
2.0 N/mm2
2.2 N/mm2
When the nominal shear stress is less than permissible shear stress in concrete
then
Provide minimum shear reinforcement
No shear reinforcement is necessary
Provide design shear reinforcement
None of the above
While compared with singly reinforced beams, the depth of doubly reinforced
beam is
Greater
Lesser
almost equal
twice
If the depth of actual neutral axis is greater than the depth of critical neutral
axis, then
Concrete attains its permissible stress earlier
Steel attains its permissible stress earlier
Both concrete and steel reaches its permissible stresses simultaneously
None of the above
Maximum area of tension reinforcement shall not exceed
0.02 bd
0.02 bD
0.04 bd
0.04 bD
Maximum area of compression reinforcement shall not exceed
0.02 bd
0.02 bD
0.04 bd
0.04 bD
Side face reinforcement is provided when the depth of beam exceeds
250 mm
450 mm
550 mm
750 mm
The area of side face reinforcement shall not be less than
0.10 percent of the web area on each vertical face
0.20 percent of the web area
The maximum of spacing of side face reinforcement shall not exceed
300 mm
Web thickness
Lesser of (a) and (b)
Greater of (a) and (b)
A concrete block subjected to shear stresses, then the failure may result by
Diagonal tension
Longitudinal tension
Diagonal compression
None of the above
As per IS: 1139, permissible stress in compression steel reinforcement for High
Yield strength deformed bars is
140 N/mm2
190 N/mm2
230 N/mm2
415 N/mm2
According to IS: 4562000 spacing of vertical stirrups for shear reinforcement
has been limited to
0.75 d
450 mm
lesser of 0.75 d or 300 mm
lesser of 0.75d or 450 mm
The maximum spacing of main steel in slabs has been limited to
250 mm
300 mm
450 mm
500 mm
Limit state of collapse deals with
strength and stability of the structure
conditions such as deflection, cracking
durability
all the above
Limit state method of design has _________ major limit state conditions
one
two
three
four
In Limit state design, the maximum working load that the structure has to
withstand is called
Service load
Factored load
Characteristic load
Ultimate load
The safe strengths for the materials are called their
Ultimate strength
Characteristic strength
Maximum strength
none of the above
Partial safety factor for strength of concrete in Limit state design is
1.15
1.25
1.5
1.65
Partial safety factor for strength in steel m Limit state design is
1.15
1.25
1.5
1.65
The stressstrain curve concrete in compression follows
a straight line
a rectangular parabolic curve
a semi circular arc
a cubic parabola
The ultimate strain of concrete at failure is
0.002
0.0035
0.0045
0.006
The theoretical stressstrain curve of the concrete in the Limit State design of
structures is correspondingly reduced by the factor
0.35
0.5
0.67
0.75
According to IS:4562000, the maximum allowable crack width (in mm) for mild
type of environmental condition
0.1
0.2
0.25
0.3
148 According to IS:4562000, the following type of environments are
considered for durability of concrete
two
four
five
six
Nominal cover for M30 grade concrete in moderate exposure is (as per IS:456
2000)
20 mm
30 mm
45 mmx
50 mm
The main factors affecting the permeability of concrete are (i)Grade of concrete
(ii)Minimum cement content (iii)Maximum water cement ratio
i
i and ii
ii and iii
i, ii and iii
According to IS: 4562000, the maximum cement content exclusive of
admixtures is
200 kg/m3
300 kg/m3
450 kg/m3
550 kg/m3
Minimum cover for fire resistance for a given simply supported beam, when the
fire rating is 1 hour
15 mm
20 mm
25 mm
30 mm
Modulus elasticity of steel is generally taken as
2 x 10^5 N/mm2
2 x 10^6 N/mm2
2 x 10^6 N/mm2
2 x 10^5 N/mm2
Which of the following sections are preferable for designing a member
under reinforced sections
over reinforced sections
both (a) and (b)
balanced sections
According to IS: 4562000, limiting value of yield strain for Fe415 grade steel is
0.031
0.0031
0.038
0.0038
According to IS:4562000, Limiting value of yield strain for Fe250 grade steel is
0.031
0.0031
0.0038
0.0038 x
The concrete is assumed to reach failure with a compression strain of
0.002
0.0035
0.0045
0.006
The expression for moment of resistance(Mu) of a singly reinforced section is, if
the grade of steel in Fe415
0.149 fck bd2
0.138 fck bd2
0.125 fck bd2
0.0120 fck bd2
If the grade of steel is Fe250, then the expression for moment of resistance of a
singly reinforced section is
0.149 fck bd2
0.138 fck bd2
0.125 fck bd2
0.012 fck bd2
Minimum percentage of longitudinal steel for a column section for Fe415 grade is
0.8
0.12
6
4
Minimum percentage of tension steel for a beam or slab section for Fe415 grade
is
0.12
0.15
2
3.5
Design yield stress for steel in tension and compression is
0.65 fy
0.87 fy
0.75 fy
None of the above
The spacing of stirrups in doubly reinforced beams should be least of the
following (i)Least Lateral dimension (ii)Sixteen times the diameter of longitudinal
steel (iii)Forty eight times the diameter of transverse reinforcement
i
i and ii
i and iii
i, ii and iii
Development length is the length or extension that should be provided on either
side from the
face of the support
point of maximum tension
point of maximum compression
point of minimum compression
The ultimate average anchorage bond stress for plain bars in tension is _______
if the grade of concrete is M20
1.60 N/mm2
1.92 N/mm2
2.24 N/mm2
point of minimum compression
The length of bar necessary to develop the full strength of the bar is called
Bond
Development length
End anchorage
Splicing
Flanged beams are preferred when the concrete in the slab is on the
compression side of the beam
tension side of the beam
may be compression side or tension side of the beam
none of the above
The development length of bars in compression is taken as
32 times bar diameter
As per direction of IS 456:2000, number of longitudinal reinforced bars should be
provided in a circular column is
4
3
6
5
As per direction of IS 456:2000, mimimum size of longitudinal reinforced bar
should be provided in a reinforced column is
10 mm
12mm
16mm
8mm
In a singly reinforced concrete beam, the effective depth is measured as
Distance between extreme compression fibre to main reinforcement
Distance between extreme compression fibre to center of tensile
reinforcement
Distance between extreme tension fibre to center of compression
reinforcement
Distance between extreme compression fibre to center of distribution
reinforcement
In a Doubly reinforced concrete beam, the main reinforcement will be provided
at
Close to the top surface of the beam
Close to the bottom surface of the beam
Clear cover of the beam from tension surface
Clear cover of the beam from compression surface
Shear resistance of reinforced concrete beam is depend on
Compression reinforcement in the beam
Tension reinforcement in the beam
Shear reinforcement in the beam
Distribution reinforcement in the beam
The primary failure in compression of RCC beams is caused due to
Under reinforced beams
over reinforced beams
balance beams
all beams
Find the neutral axis content of balance RCC rectangular beam section under
ultimate moment condition with high strength steel and M15 grade concrete
0.30
0.40
0.38
0.28
Find the effective width of the isolated T beam. The beam is having the breath
of web is 230mm and depth of the flange is 125mm. The assumed distance
between points of zero moments in the beam is 3.25m.
1521.667 mm
409.25 mm
3625.833 mm
319.628 mm
The ratio between the Modulus of elasticity of steel and Modulus of elasticity of
concrete is called
modular ratio
modulus ratio
Young's modulus
None of the above
The minimum and maximum percentage of longitudinal reinforcement for
reinforced concrete column subjected to compressive load,
0.8
0.8 and 6
0.6 and 8
6
The minimum eccentricity of RCC compression member is
25 mm
Unsupported length/500
Lateral dimension/30
Unsupported length/500+lateral dimension/30
The pitch of the transverse reinforcement concrete column shall not be more
than the least for
Least lateral dimension of column
300
16 times of the smallest reinforcing bar
all are above
Which of the following philosophies are related to design of reinforced concrete
structures?
stress method
Ultimate load method
Limit state method
Allowable stress design
In working stress method, the shape concrete stress block is assumed to be
triangular
parabolic
rectangular
Combination of rectangular and prabolic
Which of the following factors are checked under serviceability limit state?
deflection
cracking
stability
All of the above
Which of the following loads does not come under long term analysis?
Dead Load
Superimposed load
Live load
Earth pressure
In the limit state method the design load is
The characteristics load
The ultimate load
The characteristics load divided by partial safety factors
The characteristics load multiplied by partial safety factors
In the limit state method of design, the analysis of structure is done by
Linear elastic theory
Nonlinear elastic theory
Plastic analysis of analysis
Method of design of fracture mechanics
The characteristics load in limit state method of design is
The load at first crack
The ultimate load of collapse
The ultimate load of collapse multiplied by the partial safety factors
The load which has probability of 95% not being exceed during the life of
the structures
The partial safety factors for steel and concrete used in limit state method of
design is
1.15 and 1.5
1.5 and 1.5
1.5 and 1.15
None of the above
The recommendation of IS 456:2000, how many limit states are considered
while analysis are
4
3
2
5
At 28 days of curing concrete attains strength of
20 to 25%
60 to 70%
65 to 80%
90 to 95%
Specific weight of Reinforced cement concrete is
24 N/m3
24 kN/m3
27 kN/m3
25N/m3
The tensile strength of concrete is about ________ of its compressive strength
10% to 15%
30% to 40%
50%
60% to 75%
The proof stress in steel is the stress corresponding to the strain of
0.2
0.02
0.002
0.0002
As per IS: 4562000, the maximum size of aggregate is
1/4 of maximum thickness of member
1/4 of minimum thickness of member
1/5 of maximum thickness of member
1/5 of minimum thickness of member
Modulus of elasticity of concrete is primarily influenced by
Elastic properties of aggregate
Curing of concrete
Age of concrete
Mix proportion and type of cement
Modulus of elasticity of concrete is calculated (as per IS456) by
Secant modulus
Tangent Modulus
Initial Tangent modulus
none of above
As per 1S: 4562000, minimum grade of concrete in sea water constructions is
M20
M25
M30
M50
The section of a reinforced beam where most distant concrete fiber in
compression and tension in steel attains permissible stresses simultaneously is
called
Balanced section
Economic section
Critical section
under reinforced section
As the percentage of steel increases
Depth of neutral axis decreases
Depth of neutral axis increases
Lever arm increases
None of the above are
In a Singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in concrete reaches earlier
than that in steel, the beam section is called
Under reinforced section
Over reinforced section
Balanced section
Critical section
Concrete Technology (1)
1. To determine the modulus of rupture, the size of test specimen used is
150 x150 x500 mm
100 x100 x700 mm
150 x150 x700 mm
100 x100 x500 mm
The approximate value of the ratio between direct tensile strength and flexural
strength is
0.33
0.5
0.75
1.0
To minimise the effect of differential settlement, the area of a footing should be
designed for
dead load only
dead load + live load
dead load + fraction of live load
live load + fraction of dead load
Strength of concrete increases with
increase in watercement ratio
increase in fineness of cement
decrease in curing time
decrease in size of aggregate
The relation between modulus of rupturefcr and characteristic strength of
concrete fck is given by where fcr and fck are in N/mm2
fcr=0.35Vf7
fcr=0.57f7
fcr=0.7Vf7
fcr=1.2Vf7
The compressive strength of 100 mm cube as compared to 150 mm cube is
always
less
more
equal
none of the above
According to IS : 456 1978, the modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec (in N/mm2)
can be taken as
Ec = = 5700
Ec = = 570
Ec = = 5700fck
Ec = where fck N/mm2 = 700 is the characteristic strength
Increase in the moisture content in concrete
reduces the strength
increases the strength
does not change the strength
all of the above
As compared to ordinary portland cement, use of pozzuolanic cement
reduces workability
increases bleeding
increases shrinkage
increases strength
Admixtures which cause early setting, and hardening of concrete are called
workability admixtures
accelerators
retarders
air entraining agents
The most commonly used admixture which prolongs the setting and hardening
time is
gypsum
calcium chloride
sodium silicate
all of the above
The percentage of voids in cement is approximately
25%
40%
60%
80%
The property of fresh concrete, in which the water in the mix tends to rise to the
surface while placing and compacting, is called
segregation
bleeding
bulking
creep
The strength of concrete after one year as compared to 28 days strength is
about
10 to 15% more
15 to 20% more
20 to 25% more
25 to 50% more
As compared to ordinary portland cement, high alumina cement has
higher initial setting time but lower final setting time
lower initial setting time but higher final setting time
higher initial and final setting times
lower initial and final setting times
Modulus of rupture of concrete is a measure of
flexural tensile strength
direct tensile strength
compressive strength
split tensile strength
In order to obtain the best workability of concrete, the preferred shape of
aggregate is
rounded
elongated
angular
all of the above
The effect of adding calcium chloride in concrete is i) to increase shrinkage ii) to
decrease shrinkage iii) to increase setting time iv) to decrease setting time The
correct answer is
(i) and (iii)
(i)and(iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(ii) and (iv)
Bulking of sand is maximum if moisture content is about
2 %
4%
6%
10%
Finer grinding of cement
affects only the early development of strength
affects only the ultimate strength
both (a) and (b)
does not affect the strength
Poisson's ratio for concrete
remains constant
increases with richer mixes
decreases with richer mixes
none of the above
1% of voids in a concrete mix would reduce its strength by about
5%
10 %
15%
20%
The fineness modulus of fine aggregate is in the range of
2.0 to 3.5
3.5 to 5.0
5.0 to 7.0
6.0 to 8.5
Select the incorrect statement
Lean mixes bleed more as compared to rich ones.
Bleeding can be minimized by adding pozzuolana finer aggregate.
Bleeding can be increased by addition 'of calcium chloride.
none of the above
The factor of safety for
steel and concrete are same
steel is lower than that for concrete
steel is higher than that for concrete
none of the above
Examine the following statements : i) Factor of safety for steel should be based
on its yield stress, ii) Factor of safety for steel should be based on its ultimate
stress, iii) Factor of safety for concrete should be based on its yield stress, iv)
Factor of safety for concrete should be based on its ultimate stress. The correct
statements are
(i) and (iii)
(i)and(iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(ii) and (iv)
For a reinforced concrete section, the shape of shear stress diagram is
wholly parabolic
wholly rectangular
parabolic above neutral axis and rectangular below neutral axis
rectangular above neutral axis and parabolic below neutral axis
Diagonal tension in a beam
is maximum at neutral axis
decreases below the neutral axis and increases above the neutral axis
increases below the neutral axis and decreases above the neutral axis
remains same
If a beam fails in bond, then its bond strength can be increased most economi
cally by
increasing the depth of beam
using thinner bars but more in number
using thicker bars but less in number
providing vertical stirrups
If nominal shear stress tv exceeds the design shear strength of concrete xc, the
nominal shear reinforcement as per IS : 4561978 shall be provided for carrying
a shear stress equal to
xv
xc
xv TC
Tv + Tc
If the depth of actual neutral axis in a beam is more than the depth of critical
neutral axis, then the beam is called
balanced beam
underreinforced beam
overreinforced beam
none of the above
If the depth of neutral axis for a singly reinforced rectangular section is
represented by kd in working stress design, then the value of k for balanced
section
depends on as, only
depends on aCbC only
depends on both crst and acbc
is independant of both ast and acbc where d is the effective depth, ast is
permissible stress in steel in tension and ocbc is permissible stress in
concrete in bending compression.
If the permissible stress in steel in tension is 140 N/mm2, then the depth of
neutral axis for a singly reinforced rectangular balanced section will be
0.35 d
0.40 d
0.45 d
dependent on grade of concrete also
Modulus of elasticity of steel as per IS : 4561978 shall be taken as
20 kN/cm2
200 kN/cm2
200kN/mm2
2xl06N/cm2
The property of the ingredients to separate from each other while placing the
concrete is called
segregation
compaction
shrinkage
bulking
Minimum grade of concrete to be used in reinforced concrete as per IS:4561978
is
M15
M20
M10
M25
For concreting of heavily reinforced sections without vibration, the workability of
concrete expressed as compacting factor should be
0.750.80
0.800.85
0.85 0.92
above 0.92
Maximum quantity of water needed per 50 kg of cement for M 15 grade of
concrete is
28 liters
30 liters
32 liters
34 liters
In case of hand mixing of concrete, the extra cement to be added is
5%
10%
15%
20%
For walls, columns and vertical faces of all structural members, the form work is
generally removed after
24 to 48 hours
3 days
7 days
14 days
The individual variation between test strength of sample should not be more than
± 5% of average
± 10% of average
± 15% of average
± 20% of average
One of the criteria for the effective width of flange of Tbeam is bf =—+ bw +6Df
6 In above formula, l0 signifies
effective span of Tbeam
distance between points of zero moments in the beam
distance between points of maximum moments in the beam
clear span of the Tbeam
For a cantilever of effective depth of 0.5m, the maximum span to satisfy vertical
For a cantilever of effective depth of 0.5m, the maximum span to satisfy vertical
deflection limit is
3.5 m
4 m
4.5 m
5 m
For a simply supported beam of span 15m, the minimum effective depth to
satisfy the vertical deflection limits should be
600 mm
750 mm
900 mm
more than 1 m
For a continuous slab of 3 m x 3.5 m size, the minimum overall depth of slab to
satisfy vertical deflection limits is
50 mm
75 mm
100 mm
120 mm
Workability of concrete is directly proportional to
aggregate cement ratio
time of transit
grading of the aggregate
all of above
According to IS : 4561978, the fiexural strength of concrete is
directly proportional to compressive strength
inversely proportional to compressive strength
directly proportional to square root of compressive strength
inversely proportional to square root of compressive strength
According to IS : 4561978, the cblumn or the strut is the member whose
effective length is greater than
the least lateral dimension
2 times the least lateral dimension
According to IS : 456 1978, minimum slenderness ratio for a short column is
less than 12
less than 18
between 18 and 24
more than 24
Lap length in compression shall not be less than where (j) is diameter of bar
15 (j)
20 (j)
24 (j)
30 (j)
The minimum cover in a slab should neither be less than the diameter of bar nor
less than
10 mm
15 mm
25 mm
13 mm
For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column, the minimum cover shall neither
be less than the diameter of bar nor less than
15 mm
25 mm
30 mm
40 mm
The ratio of the diameter of reinforcing bars and the slab thickness is
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/8
According to IS: 4561978, the maximum reinforcement in a column is
2 %
4%
6 %
8 %
The percentage of reinforcement in case of slabs, when high strength deformed
bars are used is not less than
0.15
0.12
0.30
1.00
Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
Minimum cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement in a column is
0.8%.
Minimum cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement in a column is
0.8%.
Reinforcing bars in a column should not be less than 12 mm in diameter.
The number of longitudinal bars provided in a circular column should not
be less than four.
Workability of concrete is inversely proportional to
time of transit
Watercement ratio
the air in the mix
size of aggregate
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Higher VeeBee time shows lower workability.
Minimum pitch of transverse reinforcement in a column is
the least lateral dimension of the member
the least lateral dimension of the member
fortyeight times the diameter of transverse reinforcement
lesser of the above three values
Maximum distance between expansion joints in structures as per IS : 456 1978
is
20 m
30 m
45 m
60 m
A continuous beam is deemed to be a deep beam when the ratio of effective
span to overall depth (1/D) is less than
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Critical section for shear in case of flat slabs is at a distance of
effective depth of slab from periphery of column/drop panel
d/2 from periphery of column/capital/ drop panel
at the drop panel of slab
at the periphery of column
Minimum thickness of load bearing RCC wall should be
50 mm
100 mm
150 mm
200 mm
If the storey height is equal to length of RCC wall, the percentage increase in
strength is
0
10
20
30
In reinforced concrete footing on soil, the minimum thickness at edge should not
be less than
100 mm
150 mm
200 mm
250 mm
The slab is designed as one way if the ratio of long span to short span is
less than 1
between 1 and 1.5
between 1.5 and 2
greater than 2
Ratio of permissible stress in direct compression and bending compression is
less than 1
between 1 and 1.5
between 1.5 and 2.0
greater than 2
Approximate value of shrinkage strain in concrete, is
0.003
0.0003
0.00003
0.03
A higher modular ratio shows
higher compressive strength of concrete
lower compressive strength of concrete
higher tensile strength of steel
lower tensile strength of steel
The average permissible stress in bond for plain bars in tension is
increased by 10% for bars in compression
increased by 25% for bars in compression
decreased by 10% for bars in compression
decreased by 25% for bars in compression
In working stress design, permissible bond stress in the case of deformed bars is
more than that in plain bars by
10%
20%
30%
40%
The main reason for providing number of reinforcing bars at a support in a
simply supported beam is to resist in that zone
Compressive stress
shear stress
bond stress
tensile stress
Half of the main steel in a simply supported slab is bent up near the support at a
distance of x from the center of slab bearing where x is equal to where 1 is the
span
1/3
1/5
1/7
1/10
When shear stress exceeds the permissible limit in a slab, then it is reduced by
increasing the depth
providing shear reinforcement
using high strength steel
using thinner bars but more in number
If the size of panel in a flat slab is 6m x 6m, then as per Indian Standard Code,
the widths of column strip and middle strip are
3.0 m and 1.5 m
1.5 m and 3.0 m
3.0 m and 3.0 m
1.5 m and 1.5 m
For a slab supported on its four edges with corners held down and loaded
uniformly, the Marcus correction factor to the moments obtained by Grashoff
Rankine's theory
is always less than 1
is always greater than 1
can be more than 1
can be less than 1
The permissible diagonal tensile stress in reinforced brick work is
about 0.1 N/mm2
zero
0.3 N/mm2 to 0.7 N/mm2
about 1.0 N/mm2
The limits of percentage p of the longitudinal reinforcement in a column is given
by
0.15% to 2%
0.8% to 4%
0.8% to 6%
0.8% to 8%
Air entrainment in the concrete increases
workability
strength
the effects of temperature variations
the unit weight
The minimum diameter of longitudinal bars in a column is
6 mm
8 mm
12 mm
16 mm
The minimum cover to the ties or spirals should not be less than
15 mm
20 mm
25 mm
50mm
The load carrying capacity of a helically reinforced column as compared to that of
a tied column is about
5% less
10% less
5% more
10% more
The diameter of ties in a column should be
more than or equal to one fourth of diameter of main bar
more than or equal to 5 mm
more than 5 mm but less than onefourth of diameter of main bar
more than 5 mm and also more than onefourth of diameter of main bar
Due to circumferential action of the spiral in a spirally reinforced column
capacity of column is decreased
ductility of column reduces
capacity of column is decreased but ductility of column increases
both the capacity of column and ductility of column increase
Maximum percentage reinforcement in case of slabs is limited to
2
4
6
8
Which of the following R.C. retaining walls is suitable for heights beyond 6m ?
Lshaped wall
Tshaped wall
counterfort type
all of the above
For the design of retaining walls, the minimum factor of safety against
overturning is taken as
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
In counterfort type retaining walls i) the vertical slab is designed as a continuous
slab ii) the heel slab is designed as a continuous slab iii) the vertical slab is
designed as a cantilever iv) the heel slab is designed as a cantilever The correct
answer is
(i) and (ii)
(i)and(iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(iii) and (iv)
A Tshaped retaining wall mainly consists of
one cantilever
two cantilevers
three cantilevers
four cantilevers
The relation between modulus of rupture fcr, splitting strength fcs and direct
tensile strength fcl is given by
tcr rcs = tct
fcr>fcs>fc.
fcr<fcs<fc>
fc5>fcr>fC.
In Tshaped R C. retaining walls, the main reinforcement in the stem is provided
on
the front face in one direction
the front face in both directions
the inner face in one direction
the inner face in both directions
The main reinforcement in the toe of a T shaped R C. retaining wall is provided
on i) top face parallel to the wall ii) top face perpendicular to the wall iii) bottom
face paralleUo the wall iv) bottom face perpendicular to the wall The correct
answer is
only (ii) is correct
(i) and (ii) are correct
(iii) and (iv) are correct
only (iv) is correct
The temperature reinforcement in the vertical slab of a Tshaped R.C. retaining
wall is
not needed
provided equally on inner and front faces
provided more on inner face than on front face
provided more on front face than on inner face
The main reinforcement in the heel of a Tshaped R.C. retaining wall is provided
on
top face perpendicular to wall
bottom face perpendicular to wall
both top and bottom faces perpendicular to wall
none of the above
In a counterfort retaining wall, the main reinforcement is provided on the i)
bottom face in front counterfort ii) inclined face in front counterfort iii) bottom
face in back counterfort iv) inclined face in back counterEort The correct answer
is
(i) and (ii)
(ii) and (iii)
(i) and (iv)
(iii) and (iv)
In counterfort retaining walls, the main reinforcement in the stem at support is
not provided
provided only on inner face
provided only on front face
provided both on inner and front faces
In the design of a front counterfort in a counterfort retaining wall, the main
reinforcement is provided on i) bottom face near counterfort ii) top face near
counterfort iii) bottom face near centre of span iv) top face near centre of span
The correct answer is
only (i)
only (ii)
both (i) and (iv)
both (ii) and (iii)
In a counterfort retaining wall, the main reinforcement in the stem at mid span is
provided on
front face only
inner face only
both front face and inner face
none of the above
The depth of footing for an isolated column is governed by i) maximum bending
moment ii) shear force iii) punching shear The correct answer is
only (i)
(i)and(ii)
(i) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
If the foundations of all the columns of a structure are designed on the total live
and dead load basis, then
there will be no settlement of columns
there will be no differential settlement
the settlement of exterior columns will be more than interior columns
the settlement of interior columns will be more than exterior columns
Construction Management (1)
Preliminary estimate is prepared
for getting the administrative approval
after getting the administrative approval
for getting the technical sanction
for getting the budget sanction
A construction schedule is prepared after collecting
all
output of machinery
output of labour
quantity of various items
The estimated time required to perform an activity, is known as
dummy
duration
float
event
Critical path method
all
was invented by Morgan R. Walker of Dupot and James E. Kalley or
Remington U.S.A. in 1957
provides a realistic approach to daily problems
avoids delays which are very common in bar charts
A CPM family includes
MCE (Minimum Cost Expenditure)
CPP (Critical Path Plotted)
CPS (Critical Path Scheduling)
all
Construction team means
An Owner
An architect
A contractor
All
CPM is
is based on time estimate
is used for repetitive works
is built of activities oriented programme
all
The time which results in the leasi, possible construction cost of an activity, is
known
standard time.
normal time
crash time
slow time
The salient feature of functional organisation is
each individual maintains functional efficiency
work is properly planned and distributed
separation of planning and design part
all
The main principle of an organisation, is
delegation of authority
all
effective control at all levels
cohegency
An Executive Engineer may have powers upto
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 50,000
Rs. 25,000
The feasibility of taking up a project is decided
After preparing detailed estimate
After preparing preliminary estimate
After getting technical sanction
At the time of Annual budget preparation
Site order book is used for recording
instructions by the executive engineers
construction measurements
issue of store equipments
names of the casual labour
Works costing less than Rs. 20,000 are treated as
all
minor projects
major projects
projects
Modular coordination of construction means proper
all
execution
planning
designing
If the total float and duration of an activity are 5 and 10 days respectively, the
particular activity can be
completed 5 days later
started 5 days later
performed at slower rate in 15 days
all
A critical ratio scheduling
adjusts automatically changes in activity progress
none of these
determines the status of each activity
is a dynamic system
The first method invented for planning projects, was
Milestone chart
Critical path method (CPM)
Bar chart method
Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Bar charts are suitable for
major work
large project
minor work
all
The Overall incharge of an organisation at the site responsible for the execution
of the works, is
Superintending Engineer
Executive Engineer
Section Engineer
Assistant Executive Engineer
If TL is the latest allowable event occurrence time, total activity slack(s), is equal
to
LSTEST
all
LFTEFT
TLEFT
The most popular type of organisation used for Civil Engineering Constructions, is
effective organisation
line and staff organisation
line organisation
functional organisation
The head of the Public Work Department is
The minister of Public Work
The P.W.D Secretary to Government
The Governor
The Chief Engineer
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following
The head of the arrow indicates the end of the activity
The tail of the arrow indicates the start of the activity
An activity of a project is denoted by an arrow on the net work
The arrows are drawn to scale from left to right
The object of technical planning, is
preparation of estimates
initiating the procurement action of resources
taking remedial action for likely bottleneck in the execution
all
Frederick W. Taylor introduced a system of working known as
effective organisation
line organisation
The technique for establishing and maintaining priorities among the various jobs
of a project, is known
Critical ratio scheduling
Slotting technique for scheduling
Event flow scheduling technique
Short interval scheduling
The cost of a project is more than
400000
300000
200000
100000
The beginning and end of a job, are called events
The activity is the time consuming part of a project
The activity which consumes maximum time, is called a node
Logically and sequentially connected activities and events form a network
Time and progress chart of a construction, is also known as
Modified Mile stone chart
Critical path method chart
Gantt chart
all
The time by which activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the
start of succeeding activities, is known as
duration
free float
total flat
interfering float
Pick up the PERT event from the following
Laying of concrete completed
Laying of concrete started
Digging of foundation completed
All the above
Which one of the following represents an activity
setting of question paper
curing of concrete
preparation of breakfast
all the above
The officer responsible for the preparation and revision of schedule of rates in
P.W.D is the
Chief Engineer
Executive Engineer
Asst. Executive Engineer
Critical Path Net Work helps an engineer
to divert the resources from noncritical advanced activities to critical
activities
to concentrate his attention on critical activities
to be cautious for avoiding any delay in the critical activities to avoid
delay of the whole project
all
The artificial activity which indicates that an activity following it, cannot be
started unless the preceding activity is complete, is known as
dummy
event
free float
constant
A Milestone chart
points outgoing ahead of schedule of jobs, if any
none of these
depicts the delay of jobs, if any
shows the interdependencies of various jobs
If D is the duration, ES and EF are the earliest start and finish, LS and LF are
latest start and latest finish time, then the following relation holds good
all
D = EF ES
LS = LF D
LF = LS + D
Final technical authority of a project lies with
Executive Engineer
Assistant Engineer
Chief Engineer
Military organisation is known as
none of these
line organisation
A dummy activity
does not consume time
is represented by a dotted line
all
is artificially introduced
Pick up the correct statement from the following
Contractual obligation time is denoted by Ts
Latest occurrence time is denoted by TL
All the above
None of the above
Pick up the correct network for the activities of pouring concrete, erection of
form work, removal of form work and curing of concrete from the following
1. Pouring of concrete 2. Curing of concrete 3. Erection of form work 4.
Removal of form work
1. Erection of form work 2. Pouring of concrete 3. Curing of concrete 4.
1. Removal of form work 2. Erection of form work 3. Pouring of concrete
4. Curing of concrete
1. Pouring of Concrete 2. Erection of form work 3. Curing of concrete 4.
If the float of an activity is negative, delay in its performance is bound to
delay the completion of project
If the float of an activity is zero, the activity is critical and any delay in its
performance will delay the whole project
If the float is positive and the activity is delayed by a period equal to its
total float, the completion of project is not delayed
all the above
The executive unit of Public Works Department is a
Section office
Circle office
Division office
Subdivision office
An event is indicated on the network by a number enclosed in
a Circle
a square
a triangle
all
If t is the duration of an activity, t1 is the latest finish possible moment of its
preceding activity and t2 is the earliest start possible moment, the independent
float of the activity is
(t1 + t2) t
t (t1 t2)
(t1 t2) t
t + (t1 t2)
Which one of the following represents an event ?
Plastering of walls
Concrete curing
Concrete cured
Fixing of door
Maximum value of earliest expected time is used if there are more than
one value of any event
Backward pass is used for calculating the latest occurence time
Minimum value of latest occurrence time is used if there are more than
one value of any event
all the above
The difference between the latest start time and earliest start time of an
activity, is called total float
The difference between the earliest finish time of an activity and the
earliest start time of its successor activity, is called free float of the activity
all the above
none of these
While scheduling a project by C.P.M.
required time for each activity is established
net work is drawn by connecting the activities and the events
sequence of various activities is made according to their importance
all the above
The performance of a specific task in CPM, is known
Dummy
Event
Activity
Contract
While filling the tender for any work, the contractor considers
total project budget
materials properties
materials availability in near by area
availability of engineer
Programme Evaluation and Review Technique, is event oriented
Critical Path Method is event oriented
Programme Evaluation and Review Technique is not event oriented
Critical Path method is event oriented
For the execution of a project, a contractor is
a firm
an agency
all the above
non of these
The administrative head of the circle office is
Chief Engineer
Executive Engineer
The critical activity has
none of these
maximum float
zero float
minimum float
Railway projects are treated as
heavy construction
industrial construction
light construction
none of these
The final selection of a construction site, is done by
local civil authority representative
representative of engineer authority
representative of administration
all the above
The first stage of a construction, is
survey of the site
preparation of estimate
initiation of proposal
preparation of tender
Power stations are generally treated as
light construction
industrial construction
electrical construction
heavy construction
Critical path
is always longest
is always shortest
may be longest
may be shortest
In resources levelling
total duration of project is reduced
total duration of project is increased
uniform demand of resources is achieved
cost of project is controlled
A construction schedule indicates
the rate of progress for each operation
the actual progress of work
both the actual progress and the rate of progress
none of these
The amount to be deposited by the contractor while submitting the tender is
security deposit
fixed deposit
guarantee fund
earnest money deposit
Earnest money deposit is paid
in cash
in the form of treasury chalan
in the form of postal orders
in form of document
The officer who is responsible for the preparation of projects, design and
estimate in the P.W.D is
Chief Engineer
Executive Engineer
In case of orginal and major works, the piece work contract
can be adopted
cannot be adopted
in the form of postal orders
in form of document
Breach closing on a highway is done by
piece work aggrement
item rate contract
lump sum contract
departmental execution
Nomianl muster roll is maintained in the department for works done
by contractor
by department
by sub contractor
by labourers arranged through contractor
Copying the measurement from a note book is
permitted
strictly not permitted
permitted under special case
some times its permitted
The person responsible to work out the correct quantities of measurements and
enter the figures in the column of the measurement book is
the sub divisional officer
the section officer
the head clerk in the sub dicisional office
the officer recording the measurement
Payment to bill to contractor are made
always by the executive engineer
always by sub divisional officer
some times by section engineer
always by section engineer
The stock of a division should be inspected and checked at least once in
a month
a threee month
a half year
a year
The main purpose of the trade union is to safeguard the interst of the
worker
employer
Goveernment
both employer and employees
Factory act and Workmen compensation Act have been enacted to meet the
principles of
payment of Wages Act
minimum Wages Act
Workmen compensation Act
Industrial Act
The Act, the aim of which is the prevention and settlement of strikes and lockout,
is the
Indian Trade Union Act
Industrial Disputes Act
Factories Act
Payment of Wages Act
The officer who is directly incharge of work in the field is
Circle engineer
Division Engineer
Subdivision Engineer
Section Engineer
To give gudgement upon the disputes of national importance the Central
Government has sets up
Industrial Tribunals
National Tribunals
Works Committee
Work man compensation
Minimum wages Act passed by Indian Government by the year
1936
1947
1948
1949
Payment wages Act was passed by goverment of India in the year
1963
1948
1947
1952
Indian Trade Union Act was passed in 1926 for registration and protection of
India trade union and was last amended in
1946
1947
1948
1949
Objective of Industrial Psychology is
to fix the minimum wages
to get leave with wages
to increase the efficiency of employee
to promote their health and welfare
The wages to be paid to the workers in road and building construction industries
are regulated by
Payment of Wages Act
Minimum Wages Act
Workmen compensation Act
Factories Act
The direct cost of a project with respect to normal time is
minimum
maximum
zero
infinite
The process of incorporating changes and rescheduling or replanning is called
resource levelling
resource smoothening
updating
critical path scheduling
Critical path
is always longest
is always shortest
may be longest
may be shortest
Slack time refers to
an activity
an event
both event and activity
none of the above
Critical path lies along the activities having total float
positive
negative
same
zero
The time by which a particular activity can be delayed without affecting the
preceding and succeeding activities is known as
total float
free float
interfering float
independent float
Updating may result in
change of critical path
decrease of project completion time
increase of project completion time
all of the above
The reduction in project time normally results in
decreasing the direct cost and increasing indirect cost
increasing the direct cost and decreasing the indirect cost
increasing the direct cost and indirect cost both
decreasing the direct cost and indirect cost both
A Milestone chart
shows the interdependencies of various jobs
depicts the delay of jobs, if any
points outgoing ahead of schedule of jobs, if any
none of these
The performance of a specific task in CPM, is known
Dummy
Event
Activity
Contract
If a is the optimistic time, b is the pessimistic time and m is most likely time of
an activity, the expected time of the activity, is
a+m+b / 6
a+2m+b / 6
2+4m+b / 6
a+5m+b / 6
The difference between the time availto do a job and the time required to do the
job, is known as
event
float
duration
constraint
The time which results in the leasi, possible construction cost of an activity, is
known
normal time
slow time
crash time
standard time
The main disadvantage of line organisation, is
rigid structure
extraordinary delay in communications
top level executions over work
all the above
For completion of a project, the critical path of the network represents
minimum time
maximum time
maximum cost
minimum cost
Design of steel structures (1)
The effective length of a compression member of length L held in position and
restrained in direction at one end and effectively restrained in direction but not
held in position at the other end, is
L
0.67L
0.85L
1.5L
A structural member subjected to compressive stress in a direction parallel to its
longitudinal axis, is generally known as
column
post
strut
all the above
In moment resistant connections, the moment resistance of riveted connection
depends upon
shear in rivets
compression in rivets
tension in rivets
strength of rivets in bearing
The heaviest Isection for same depth is
ISMB
ISLB
ISHB
ISWB
Bending compressive and tensile stresses respectively are calculated based on
net area and gross area
gross area and net area
net area in both cases
gross area in both cases
If the thickness of thinnest outside plate is 10 mm, then the maximum pitch of
rivets in tension will be taken as
120mm
160mm
200mm
300mm
In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete
bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to
base plate
fully by direct bearing
fully through fastenings
50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings
When the axis of load lies in the plane of rivet group, then the rivets are
subjected to
only shear stresses
only tensile stresses
c) both (a) and (b)
none of the above
When the axis of load lies in the plane of rivet group, then the most heavily
loaded rivet will be the one which
is at the maximum distance from CG of the rivet group
is at the minimum distance from CG of the rivet group
gives the maximum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm
gives the minimum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm where, Fa is
the load shared by each rivet due to axial load and Fm is the shearing load
due to moment in any rivet.
Which of the following types of riveted joint is free from bending stresses ?
lap joint
butt joint with single cover plate
butt joint with double cover plates
d) none of the above
The difference between gross diameter and nominal diameter for the rivets up to
25 mm diameter is
1mm
1.5mm
2mm
2.5mm
As compared to field rivets, the shop rivets are
stronger
weaker
equally strong
any of the above
The ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain within elastic limit, is known as
modulus of elasticity
shear modulus of elasticity
bulk modulus of elasticity
tangent modulus of elasticity
For a standard 45° fillet, the ratio of size of fillet to throat thickness is
1:1
1 : V2
V2 : 1
2: 1
A butt weld is specified by
effective throat thickness
plate thickness
size of weld
penetration thickness
The actual thickness of butt weld as compared to the thickness of plate is usually
more
less
equal
none of the above
According to IS Specifications, the maximum pitch of rivets in compression is
where t is thickness of thinnest outside plate or angle
lesser of 200 mm and 12 t
lesser of 200 mm and 16t
lesser of 300 mm and 32 t
lesser of 3 00 mm and 24 t
A circular column section is generally not used in actual practice because
it is uneconomical
it cannot carry the load safely
it is difficult to connect beams to the round sections
all of the above
The slenderness ratio of a column supported throughout its length by a masonry
wall is
zero
10
100
infnity
According to IS Specifications, the effective length of a column effectively held in
position at both ends and restrained in direction at one end is taken as
0.67L
0.8L
L
1.5L
The effective length of a battened strut effectively held in position at both ends
but not restrained in direction is taken as
1.8L
L
1.1L
1.5L
The effective length of a battened strut effectively held in position at both ends
but not restrained in direction is taken as
180
200
250
350
The maximum slenderness ratio of a steel column, the design of which is
governed by wind or seismic forces is
150
180
250
350
For determination of allowable stress in axial compression, Indian Standard
Institution has adopted
Euler's formula
Rankine formula
Engesser formula
Secant formula
According to IS:800, in the Merchant Rankine formula the value of imperfection
index (n) is
1
1.4
1.8
2
The best arrangement to provide unified behaviour in built up steel columns is by
lacing
battening
tie plates
perforated cover plates
If the 20 mm rivets are used in lacing bars, then the minimum width of lacing
bar should be
40 mm
60 mm
80 mm
100 mm
The use of tie plates in laced columns is
prohibited
not prohibited
permitted at start and end of lacing system only
permitted between two parts of the lacing
Lacing bars in a steel column should be designed to resist
bending moment due to 2.5% of the column load
shear force due to 2.5% of the column load
2.5% of the column load
both (a) and (b)
Angle of inclination of the lacing bar with the longitudinal axis of the column
should preferably be between
10° to 30°
30° to 40°
40° to 70°
90°
Battening is preferable when the i) column carries axial load only ii) space
between the two main components is not very large iii) column is eccentrically
loaded The correct answer is
only (i)
only (iii)
(i) and (ii)
(ii) and (iii)
The effective length of a battened column is increased by
5%
10%
15%
20%
The overlap of batten plates with the main members in welded connections
should be more than
3t
4t
6t
8t where t = thickness of the batten plate
The slenderness ratio of lacing bars should not exceed
100
120
145
180
The method of design of steel framework for greatest rigidity and economy in
weight, is known as
simply design
semirigid design
fully rigid design
none of these
Economical depth of a plate girder corresponds to
minimum weight
minimum depth
maximum weight
minimum thickness of web
Shear buckling of web in a plate girder is prevented by using
vertical intermediate stiffener
horizontal stiffener at neutral axis
bearing stiffener
none of the above
Horizontal stiffener in a plate girder is provided to safeguard against
shear buckling of web plate
compression buckling of web plate
yielding
all of the above
Minimum thickness of web in a plate girder, when the plate is accessible and also
exposed to weather, is
5mm
6mm
8mm
10mm
The web crippling due to excessive bearing stress can be avoided by
increasing the web thickness
providing suitable stiffeners
increasing the length of the bearing plates
none of the above
As per IS : 800, for compression flange, the outstand of flange plates should not
exceed
12t
16t
20t
25t t = thickness of thinnest flange plate
Intermediate vertical stiffeners in a plate girder need be provided if the depth of
web exceeds
50t
85t
200t
250t
Bearing stiffener in a plate girder is used to
transfer the load from the top flange to the bottom one
prevent buckling of web
decrease the effective depth of web
prevent excessive deflection
The forces acting on the web splice of a plate girder are
axial forces
shear and axial forces
shear and bending forces
axial and bending forces
Gantry girders are designed to resist
lateral loads
longitudinal loads and vertical loads
lateral, longitudinal and vertical loads
lateral and longitudinal loads
If the pitch is 6 cm and rivet value is 4 tonnes, the number of rivets required for
a riveted connection carrying an eccentric load of 15 tonnes at a distance of 30
cm from the centre line, is
6
8
10
12
Minimum spacing of vertical stiffeners is limited to
d/4
d/3
d/2
2d/3 where d is the distance between flange angles
Bearing stiffeners are provided at i) the supports ii) the mid span iii) the point of
application of concentrated loads The correct answer is
only (i)
both (i) and (ii)
both (i) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Rivets connecting flange angles to cover plates in a plate girder are subjected to
horizontal shear only
vertical load only
both (a) and (b)
none of the above
The maximum spacing of vertical stiffeners is
1.33 d
1.25 d
1.5 d
1.75 d
The range of economical spacing of trusses varies from
L/3 to L/5
L/4to2L/5
L/3 to L/2
2L/5 to 3L/5 where L is span
The maximum permissible span of asbestos cement sheets is
650 mm
810 mm
1250 mm
1680 mm
Normally, the angle of roof truss with asbestos sheets should not be less than
26'/2°
30°
35°
40°
To minimize the total cost of a roof truss, the ratio of the cost of truss to the cost
of purlins shall be
1
2
3
4
Generally the purlins are placed at the panel points so as to avoid
axial force in rafter
shear force in rafter
deflection of rafter
bending moment in rafter
For the buildings having a low permeability, the internal wind pressure acting
normal to the wall and roof surfaces is taken as
zero
±0.2p
± 0.5 p
±0.7p where p is basic wind pressure
In plastic analysis, the shape factor for circular sections, is
1.5
1.6
1.697
none of these
The relation between intensity of wind pressure p and velocity of wind V is taken
as
pa V
paV2
p a (1/V)
paV"2
The live load for a sloping roof with slope 15°, where access is not provided to
roof, is taken as)
0.65 kN/m2
0.75 kN/m2
1.35 kN/m2
1.50 kN/m2
The internal pressure coefficient on walls for buildings with large permeability is
taken as
± 0.2
±0.5
± 0.7
0
The basic wind speed is specified at a height 'h' above mean ground level in an
open terrain. The value of'h' is
10 m
20 m
30 m
40 m
The risk coefficient k, depends on
mean probable design life of structures
basic wind speed
both (a) and (b)
none of the above
The external wind pressure acting on a roof depends on
degree of permeability of roof
slope of roof
both (a) and (b)
none of the above
Area of openings for buildings of large permeability is more than d)
10% of wall area
20% of wall area
30% of wall area
50% of wall area
As per IS : 875, for the purposes of specifying basic wind velocity, the country
has been divided into
4 zones
5 zones
6 zones
7 zones
The number of seismic zones in which the country has been divided are
3
5
6
7
Minimum pitch provided in riveted steel tanks is
1.5d
2d
2,5d
3d where d is diameter of rivets
A beam is defined as a structural member subjected to
axial loading
transverse loading
axial and transverse loading
none of these.
The allowable tensile stress in structural mild steel plates for steel tank is
assumed as
95.0 MPa on net area
105.5 MPa on net area
105.5 MPa on gross area
150.0 MPa on gross area
Steel tanks are mainly designed for
weight of tank
wind pressure
water pressure
earthquake forces
Which of the following sections should preferably be used at places where torsion
occurs ?
angle section
channel section
box type section
any of the above
The capacity of the smallest pressed steel tank is
1000 litre
1650 litre
1950 litre
2450 litre
The bracing between two columns of a steel tank will be designed to resist
horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake only
horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads
column loads + 2.5% of horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
column loads + full horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
The minimum thickness of plates in a steel stack should be
4mm
5mm
6mm
8mm
Maximum pitch of rivets, used in steel stacks, is limited to
6t
10t
12t
16t where t is thickness of thinner plate being connected
the diameter of base of conical flare of a steel stack is where d is the diameter of
the cylindrical part
less than d
equal to d
more than d
any of the above
Hudson's formula gives the dead weight of a truss bridge as a function of
bottom chord area
top chord area
effective span of bridge
heaviest axle load of engine
If the loaded length of span in meters of a railway steel bridge carrying a single
track is 6 m, then impact factor is taken as
0
0.5
between 0.5 and 1.0
1
A fillet weld may be termed as
mitre weld
concave weld
convex weld
all the above.
If the floor is supported at or near the bottom but top chords of a bridge are not
braced, then the bridge is called
deck type
through type
half through type
double deck type
The momentcurvature relation at a plastic hinge is
linear
parabolic
constant moment for all curvatures
constant curvature for all moments
Shape factor is a property which depends
only on the ultimate stress of the material
only on the yield stress of the material
only on the geometry of the section
both on the yield stress and ultimate stress of material
The statical method of plastic analysis satisfies
equilibrium and mechanism conditions
equilibrium and plastic moment conditions
mechanism and plastic moment conditions
equilibrium condition only
The mechanism method of plastic analysis satisfies
equilibrium and mechanism conditions
equilibrium and plastic moment conditions
mechanism and plastic moment conditions
equilibrium condition only
Load factor is
always equal to factor of safety
always less than factor of safety
always greater than factor of safety
sometimes greater than factor of safety
The ratio of plastic section modulus to elastic section modulus
is equal to 1
is always less than 1
is always greater than 1
can be less than 1
Other conditions being same, the load factor in indeterminate structures is
equal to load factor in determinate structures
more than the load factor in determinate structures
less than the load factor in determinate structures
unpredictable
Which of the following conditions is to be satisfied both in elastic and plastic
analysis
equilibrium condition
yield condition
plastic moment condition
mechanism condition
In the virtual work method, the virtual quantity is
displacement
load
slope
moment
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
Vertical stiffeners may be placed in pairs one on each side of the web
Single vertical stiffeners may be placed alternately on opposite sides of
the web
Horizontal stiffeners may be placed in pairs one on each side of the web
all the above
The shape factor of an isosceles triangle for bending about the axis parallel to
The shape factor of an isosceles triangle for bending about the axis parallel to
the base is:
1.5
1.7
2
2.34
In case of plastic design, the calculated maximum shear capacity of a beam as
per IS:800 shall be
0.55 Awfy
0.65 Awfy
0.75 Awfy
0.85 Awfy where, Aw = effective crosssectional area resisting shear fy =
yield stress of the steel
The minimum thickness of a steel plate, which is directly exposed to weather and
is not accessible for cleaning and repainting, should be:
4.5 mm
6 mm
8 mm
10 mm
The moment of inertia of the pair of vertical stiffeners about the center line of
the web should not be less than.
1.5dV/C
1.5d￥/C
1.5d￥/C2
1.5dY/C3 where, 't' is the minimum required thickness of the web and 'C
is the maximum permitted clear distance between vertical stiffener for
thickness 't'
The connection of intermediate vertical stiffeners to the web, not subjected to
external loads, shall be designed for a minimum shear force (kN/m) of
75 t2/h
125 t3/h2
125 t2/h
175 t2/h where, t = the web thickness in mm h = the outstand of
stiffener in mm
For a compression member with double angle section, which of the following
section will give larger value of minimum radius of gyration
equal angles back to back
unqual legged angles with long legs back to back
unequal legged angles with short legs back to back
both (b) or (c)
Lug angles.
are used to reduce the length of connection
are unequal angles
increases shear lag
all the above
For rivets in tension with countersunk heads, the tensile value shall be
reduced by 25 %
reduced by 33.3%
increased by 25 %
increased by 33.3 %
A steel beam supporting loads from the floor slab as well as from wall is termed
as
stringer beam
lintel beam
spandrel beam
header beam
Pitch of tacking rivets, when double angles connected back to back and acting as
tension members should not be more than
500 mm
600 mm
1000 mm
300 mm
Engineering Mechanics Civil Engineering (1)
A heavy ladder resting on a floor and against a vertical wall will not be in
equilibrium if
Floor is smooth and wall is rough
Floor is smooth and wall is smooth
Floor is rough and wall is rough
Floor is rough and wall is smooth
Which of the following are vector quantities?
Linear acceleration
Linear velocity
all of these
Linear displacement
Which of the following is not a scalar quantity
time
mass
volume
acceleration
A differential pulley block has larger and smaller diameters of 100 mm and 80
mm respectively. Its velocity ratio is
10
40
5
20
If a number of forces are acting at a point, theirresultant will be inclined at an
angle θ with the horizontal, such that
tan θ = ∑V/∑H
tan θ = ∑H/∑V
tan θ = ∑VX∑H
The angular velocity (in rad / s) of a body rotating at N revolutions per minute is
2πN/60
πN/60
πN/180
2πN/180
The principle of transmissibility of forces states that, when a force acts upon a
body, its effect is
different at different points on its line of action
maximum, if it acts at the centre of gravity of the body
minimum, if it acts at the centre of gravity of the body
minimum, if it acts at the centre of gravity of the body
The motion of a particle round a fixed axis is
rotary
translatory as well as rotatry
translatory
circular
The velocity ratio in case of an inclined plane inclined at angle θ to the horizontal
and weight being pulled up the inclined plane by vertical effort is
sine θ
tan θ
cos θ
Noncoplaner concurrent forces are those forces which
do not meet at one point and their lines of action do not lie on the same
plane
meet at one point and their lines of action also lie on the same plane
do not meet at one point, but their lines of action lie on the same plane
meet at one point, but their lines of action do not lie on the same plane
A machine having an efficiency less than 50%, is known as
reversible machine
nonreversible machine
ideal machine
neither reversible nor nonreversible machine
The maximum efficiency of a lifting machine is
m/V.R.
1/m x V.R.
1/m
V.R./m
The friction experienced by a body, when in motion, is known as
rolling friction
dynamic friction
limiting friction
static friction
The centre of gravity of a semicircle lies at a distance of __________ from its
base measured along the vertical radius.
3r/ 8
8r/3
4r/ 3π
4r/ 3π
The minimum force required to slide a body of weight W on a rough horizontal
plane is
W sin θ
W cos θ
none of these
W tan θ
The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the impressed force,
and takes place in the same direction in which the force acts. This statement is
known as
Newton's first law of motion
none of these
Newton's third law of motion
Newton's second law of motion
In ideal machines, mechanical advantage is __________ velocity ratio.
less than
equal to
greater than
none of these
The point, through which the whole weight of the body acts, irrespective of its
position, is known as
centre of gravity
centre of mass
moment of inertia
centre of percussio
Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
Acceleration
Force
Velocity
centre of percussion
Concurrent forces are those forces whose lines of action
meet on the same plane
meet at one point
lie on the same line
none of these
Which is the correct statement about law of polygon of forces ?
if any number of forces acting at a point can be represented by the sides
of a polygon taken in order, then the forces are in equilibrium
if any number of forces acting at a point can be represented in direction
and magnitude by the sides of a polygon, then the forces are in equilibrium
if a polygon representing forces acting at a point is closed then forces are
in equilibrium
if any number of forces acting at a point can be represented in direction
and magnitude by the sides of a polygon taken in order, then the forces are
in equilibrium
Effect of a force on a body depends upon
magnitude
direction
position or line of action
all of the above
If a number of forces act simultaneously on a particle, it is possible
not a replace them by a single force
to replace them by a single force
to replace them by a single force through C.G
to replace them by a couple
The term 'force' may be defined as an agent which produces or tends to produce,
destroys or tends to destroy motion.
Agree
Disagree
If two equal forces of magnitude P act at an angle 9°, their resultant will be
P/2 cos 9/2
IP sin 9/2
2P tan 9/2
IP cos 9/2
According to principle of transmissibility of forces, the effect of a force upon a
body is
maximum when it acts at the centre of gravity of a body
different at different points in its line of action
the same at every point in its line of action
minimum when it acts at the C.G. of the body
The resolved part of the resultant of two forces inclined at an angle 9 in a given
direction is equal to
the algebraic sum of the resolved parts of the forces in the given
direction
the sum of the resolved parts of the forces in the given direction
the difference of the forces multiplied by the cosine of 9
the sum of the forces multiplied by the sine of 9 (e) the sum of the forces
multiplied by the tangent of 9
Which of the following do not have identical dimensions ?
Torque and energy
Torque and work
Kinetic energy and potential energy
Moment of a force and angular momentum
Which of the following is not the unit of distance ?
light year
micro
millimetre
milestone
The weight of a body is due to
gravitational pull exerted by the earth
forces experienced by body in atmosphere
force of attraction experienced by particles
gravitational force of attraction towards the center of the earth
The forces, which meet at one point, but their lines of action do not lie in a
plane, are called
coplanar nonconcurrent forces
noncoplanar concurrent forces
noncoplanar nonconcurrent forces
intersecting forces
When trying to turn a key into a lock, following is applied
coplanar force
noncoplanar forces
momen
couple.
According to principle of transmissibility of forces, the effect of a force upon a
body is
maximum when it acts at the center of gravity of a body
different at different points in its line of action
the same at every point in its line of action
minimum when it acts at the C.G. of the body
A number of forces acting at a point will be in equilibrium if
their total sum is zero
two resolved parts in two directions at right angles are equal
sum of resolved parts in any two perpendicular directions are both zero
all of them are inclined equally
The example of statically determinate structure is
continuous beam
cantilever beam
propped cantilever
fixed beam
Two noncollinear parallel equal forces acting in opposite direction
balance each other
constitute a moment
constitute a couple
constitute a moment of couple
According to principle of moments
if a system of coplanar forces is in equilibrium, then their algebraic sum is
zero
if a system of coplanar forces is in equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of
their moments about any point in their plane is zero
the algebraic sum of the moments of any two forces about any point is
equal to moment of their resultant about the same point
positive and negative couples can be balanced
According to law of triangle of forces
three forces acting at a point will be in equilibrium
three forces acting at a point can be represented by a triangle, each side
being proportional to force
if three forces acting upon a patticle are represented in magnitude and
direction by the sides of a triangle, taken in order, they will be in equilibrium
if three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium, each force is
proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two
If a rigid body is in equilibrium under the action of three forces, then
these forces are equal
the lines of action of these forces meet in a point
the lines of action of these forces are parallel
(b) and (c) above
. A heavy ladder resting on floor and against a vertical wall may not be in
equilibrium, if
the floor is smooth, the wall is rough
the floor is rough, the wall is smooth
the floor and wall both are smooth surfaces
the floor and wall both are rough surfaces
. According to Lami's theorem
three forces acting at a point will be in equilibrium
three forces acting at a point can be represented by a triangle, each side
being proportional to force
if three forces acting upon a particle are represented in magnitude and
) if three forces acting upon a particle are represented in magnitude and
The product of either force of couple with the arm of the couple is called
resultant couple
moment of the forces
resulting couple
moment of the couple
In determining stresses in frames by methods of sections, the frame is divided
into two parts by an imaginary section drawn in such a way as not to cut more
than
two members with unknown forces of the frame
three members with unknown forces of the frame
four members with unknown forces of the frame
three members with known forces of the frame
The center of gravity of a uniform lamina lies at
the center of heavy portion
the bottom surface
the mid point of its axis
all of the above
Center of gravity of a solid cone lies on the axis at the height
onefourth of the total height above base
onethird of the total height above base
onehalf of the total height above base
threeeighth of the total height above the base
A redundant truss is defined by the truss satisfying the equation
m = 2j 3
m < 2j + 3
m > 2j 3
m > 2j + 3
Center of gravity of a thin hollow cone lies on the axis at a height of
onefourth of the total height above base
onethird of the total height above base
onehalf of the total height above base
threeeighth of the total height above the base
The units of moment of inertia of an area are
kg m2
m4
kg/m2
m3
The center of gravity of a triangle lies at the point of
concurrence of the medians
intersection of its altitudes
intersection of bisector of angles
intersection of diagonals
The possible loading in various members of framed structures are
compression or tension
buckling or shear
shear or tension
bending
A heavy string attached at two ends at same horizontal level and when central
dip is very small approaches the following curve
catenary
parabola
hyperbola
elliptical
A trolley wire weighs 1.2 kg per meter length. The ends of the wire are attached
to two poles 20 meters apart. If the horizontal tension is 1500 kg find the dip in
the middle of the span
2.5 cm
3 cm
4 cm
5 cm
From a circular plate of diameter 6 cm is cut out a circle whose diameter is a
radius of the plate. Find the c.g. of the remainder from the center of circular
plate
0.5 cm
1.0 cm
1.5 cm
2.5 cm
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following :
The C.G. of a circle is at its center
The C.G. of a triangle is at the intersection of its medians
The C.G. of a rectangle is at the intersection of its diagonals
The C.G. of a semicircle is at a distance of r/2 from the center
In the equation of virtual work, following force is neglected
reaction of any smooth surface with which the body is in contact
reaction of a rough surface of a body which rolls on it without slipping
reaction at a point or an axis, fixed in space, around which a body is con
strained to turn
all of the above
The resultant of the following three couples 20 kg force, 0.5 m arm, $ ve sense
30 kg force, 1 m arm, ve sense 40 kg force, 0.25 m arm, + ve sense having
arm of 0.5 m will be
20 kg, ve sense
20 kg, + ve sense
10 kg, + ve sense
10 kg, ve sense
The forces which meet at a point are called
collinear forces
concurrent forces
coplanar forces
parallel forces
Angle of friction is the
angle between normal reaction and the resultant of normal reaction and
the limiting friction
ratio of limiting friction and normal reaction
the ratio of minimum friction force to the friction force acting when the
body is just about to move
the ratio of minimum friction force to friction force acting when the body
is in motion
The coefficient of friction depends on
area of contact
shape of surfaces
strength of surfaces
nature of surface
Least force required to draw a body up the inclined plane is W sin (plane
inclination + friction angle) applied in the direction
along the plane
horizontally
vertically
at an angle equal to the angle of friction to the inclined plane
The ratio of limiting friction and normal reaction is known as
coefficient of friction
angle of friction
angle of repose
sliding friction
Which one of the following statements is not correct
the tangent of the angle of friction is equal to coefficient of friction
the angle of repose is equal to angle of frictio
the tangent of the angle of repose is equal to coefficient of friction
the sine of the angle of repose is equal to coefficient to friction
On a ladder resting on smooth ground and leaning against vertical wall, the force
of friction will be
towards the wall at its upper end
away from the wall at its upper end
upwards at its upper end
downwards at its upper end
. On the ladder resting on the ground and leaning against a smooth vertical wall,
the force of friction will be
downwards at its upper end
upwards at its upper end
perpendicular to the wall at its upper end
zero at its upper end
Frictional force encountered after commencement of motion is called
limiting friction
kinematic friction
frictional resistance
dynamic friction
Coefficient of friction is the
angle between normal reaction and the resultant of normal reaction and
the limiting friction
the friction force acting when the body is just about to move
the friction force acting when the body is in motion
Pick up wrong statement about friction force for dry surfaces. Friction force
proportional to normal load between the surfaces
dependent on the materials of contact surface
proportional to velocity of sliding
independent of the area of contact surfaces
According to the law of moments, if a number of coplaner forces acting on a
particle are in equilibrium, then
P = W tan(α + φ)
P = W (cosα + μsinα)
P = W tanα
P = W (sinα + μcosα)
If rain is falling in the opposite direction of the movement of a pedestrain, he has
to hold his umbrella
more inclined when moving
less inclined when moving
more inclined when standing
less inclined when standing
Limiting force of friction is the
tangent of angle between normalreaction and the resultant of normal
reaction and limiting friction (
Coulomb friction is the friction between
bodies having relative motion
two dry surfaces
two lubricated surfaces
solids and liquids
Dynamic friction as compared to static friction is
same
more
less
may be less of more depending on nature of surfaces and velocity
Tangent of angle of friction is equal to
kinetic friction
limiting friction
angle of repose
coefficient of friction
Kinetic friction is the
tangent of angle between normal reaction and the resultant of normal
reaction and the limiting friction
A semicircular disc rests on a horizontal surface with its top flat surface
horizontal and circular portion touching down. The coefficient of friction between
semicricular disc and horizontal surface is \i. This disc is to be pulled by a
horizontal force applied at one edge and it always remains horizontal. When the
disc is about to start moving, its top horizontal force will
remain horizontal
slant up towards direction of pull
slant down towards direction of pull
unpredictable
A particle inside a hollow sphere of radius r, having coefficient of friction rr can
rest upto height of
r/2
r/%
0.134 r
3r/8
The algebraic sum of moments of the forces forming couple about any point in
their plane is
equal to the moment of the couple
constant
both of above are correct
both of above are wrong
A single force and a couple acting in the same plane upon a rigid body
balance each other
cannot balance each other
produce moment of a couple
are equivalent
Two noncolinear parallell forces acting in opposite direction
balance each other
constitutes a couple
constitutes a moment
constitutes a moment of a couple
The maximum frictional force which comes into play when a body just begins to
slide over another surface is called
limiting friction
sliding friction
rolling friction
kinematic friction
The necessary condition for forces to be in equilibrium is that these should be
coplanar
meet at one point
both (a) and (b)
all be equal
If three forces acting in different planes can be represented by a triangle, these
will be in
nonequilibrium
partial equilibrium
full equilibrium
unpredictable
Which of the following is the locus of a point that moves in such a manner that
its distance from a fixed point is equal to its distance from a fixed line multiplied
by a constant greater than one
ellipse
hyperbola
parabola
circle
The C.G. of a plane lamina will not be at its geometrical centre in the case of a
right angled triangle
equilateral triangle
square
circle
The C.G. of a right circular solid cone of height h lies at the following distance
from the base
h/2
h/3
h/6
h/4
The M.I. of hollow circular section about a central axis perpendicular to section
as compared to its M.I. about horizontal axis is
same
double
half
four times
Which of the following is the example of lever of first order
arm of man
pair of scissors
pair of clinical
all of the above
A pair of smith's tongs is an example of the lever of
zereoth order
first order
second order
third order
In the lever of third order, load W, effort P and fulcrum F are oriented as follows
W between P and F
F between W and P
P between W and F
W, P and F all on one side
The unit of force in SI system
kilogram
Newton
Watt
dyne
The angle which an inclined plane makes with the horizontal when a body placed
on it is about to move down is known as angle of
friction
repose
repose
kinematic friction
In actual machines (a) (b) (c) (d)
mechanical advantage is greater than velocity ratio
mechanical advantage is equal to velocity ratio
mechanical advantage is less than velocity ratio
mechanical advantage is unity
In ideal machines
mechanical advantage is greater than velocity ratio
mechanical advantage is equal to velocity ratio
mechanical advantage is less than velocity ratio
mechanical advantage is unity
A cable with a uniformly distributed load per horizontal meter run will take the
following shape
straight line
parabola
hyperbola
elliptical
The variation of shear force due to a triangular load on simply supported beam is
uniform
linear
parabolic
cubic
Forces are called concurrent when their lines of action meet in
one point
two points
perpendicular planes
different planes
Effect of a force on a body depends upon
magnitude
direction
position or line of action
all of the above
Which of the following is a vector quantity
energy
mass
momentum
angle
A force is completely defined when we specify
magnitude
direction
point of application
all of the above
The forces, which meet at one point, but their lines of action do not lie in a
plane, are called
coplanar nonconcurrent forces
noncoplanar concurrent forces
noncoplanar nonconcurrent forces
intersecting forces
Environmetal Engineering (1)
What is the Permissible value of Fluoride in drinking water as per IS 10500:2012
1.5 mg/L
1.0 mg/L
0.5 mg/L
2.0 mg/L
Minimum DO in the fresh water for the survival of aquatic life is……...
0 mg/l
2 mg/l
4 mg/l
8 mg/l
The determination of volatile solids in wastewater gives an idea about ……….
The foulness of the sewage
pH of the sewage
Temperature of the sewage
Color of the sewage
Settling velocity of inorganic particles in a sedimentation tank of a water
treatment plant is governed by
Darcy’s law
Dupit’s law
Stoke’s law
Reynold's law
The average BOD5 of domestic sewage is
80 kg/day/person
8 kg/day/person
0.08 kg/day/person
0.80 kg/day/person
‘Air binding’ may occur in
Sewers
Aerators
Filters
Artesian wells
Which one of the following types of settling phenomenon can be analyzed by the
classic sedimentation laws of Newton and Stokes?
Discrete settling
Flocculent settling
Hindered settling
Compression settling
Which one of the following sewage treatment units has a parshall flume?
Trickling filter
Oxidation ditch
Grit chamber
Aerated lagoon
Which one of the following can fix atmospheric nitrogen?
Green algae
Red algae
Brown algae
Blue green algae
The sound pressure level for a jet plane on the ground with sound pressure of
2000 µ bar should be
60 decibel
100 decibel
140 decibel
180 decibel
What is the most common cause of acidity in water?
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon dioxide
The Acceptable limit of sulphates in drinking water as per IS: 10500:2012 is
100 mg/L
200 mg/L
5 mg/L
400 mg/L
Which one of the following processes of water softening requires recarbonation?
Lime soda ash process
Hydrogen cation exchange process
Demineralization
Sodium cation exchange process
Which one of the following filters will produce water of higher bacteriological
quality?
Slow sand filter
Rapid sand filter
Pressure filter
Multimedia filter
Detention period adopted for oxidation (aerobic) ponds is of the order of
26 hrs
48 hrs
1236 hrs
1015 days
Pneumoconiosis is caused due to inhalation of which one of the following?
Silica
Lead
NOx
Cadmium
Blue haze in forest area is produced because of
Alkenes
Aerosols
PAN
Lead
Settling velocity of inorganic particles of less than 0.1 mm dia, varies with the
dia (d), in proportion to
d3
d2
d
d2
If Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a town is 20000 kg/day and BOD per
capita per day is 0.05 kg, then population equivalent of town is
1000
4000
100000
400000
Which one of the following chemical is employed for dechlorination of water?
Sodium sulphite
Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium carbonate
Hydrogen peroxide
In which treatment unit is “Schmutz decke” formed?
Sedimentation tank
Rapid sand filter
Coagulation tank
Slow sand filter
Fresh sludge has moisture content of 99% and after thickening its moisture
content is reduced to 96%. The reduction in volume of sludge is
3%
5%
75%
90%
Which combination of surface water quality parameters will indicate sweep
coagulation as the preferred method of coagulation?
High turbiditylow alkalinity
High turbidityhigh alkalinity
Low turbidityhigh alkalinity
Low turbiditylow alkalinity
Which one of the following toxic gas has physiological action as asphyxiant?
SO2
Cl2
NO2
CO
The Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standard for annual average
PM2.5 mass concentrations is
40 µg/m3
3 log reduction is equivalent to
99.0% removal
95.0% removal
99.9% removal
90% removal
Which one of the following heavy metal may contaminate water sources.
Mg
Ca
Na
Cr
Give example of a common coagulant and flocculation aid
A12(SO4)3.14H20
CuSO4
NaOH
MgCl2
Which is the best suited population forecasting method for rapidly growing city?
Arithmetic mean method
Incremental increase method
Geometric mean method
Logistic curve method
Which is the best suited population forecasting method for big and developed
cities?
Arithmetic mean method
Incremental increase method
Geometric mean method
Logistic curve method
Give an example of Type II settling
Settling of flocculating particles through coagulation
Settling of sand in primary sedimentation tank
Selling of thickened sludge
Biological floc removal in secondary tank
The ratio of critical velocity of the sedimentation tank and the particle settling
velocity is 0.5. How much percentage of the particles of that particular diameter
will settle in the tank?
80%
50%
100%
90%
What is the critical velocity in m/sec when overflow rate is 432
m3/(m2.day)?
3 x 104 m/sec
In a BOD determination, 6 ml of wastewater containing no dissolved oxygen is
mixed with 294 ml of dilution water containing 8.5 mg/l of dissolved oxygen.
After a 5day incubation at 20°C, the dissolved oxygen content of the mixture is
5.5 mg/l, then the BOD of the wastewater will be
50 mg/l
150 mg/l
250 mg/l
350 mg/l
What is the repulsion force act between colloidal particles?
Van det wals force
Gravitational force
Electrostatic potential
Centrifugal force
What is the surface area of a rectangular sedimentation tank required to treat
2.5 MLD water having a detention time and depth of 3 hr and 2 m respectively?
156.25 m2
156.25 m2
156.25 m2
156.25 m2
What is the unit process which is required to kill pathogens in water?
Coagulation
Filtration
Disinfection
Aeration
What is the range of Reynold's number for CD = 24/R?
> 2.0
1 10
< 2.0
> 50
Which element in water can cause skeletal deformation?
Fluoride
Chrolide
Iodine
Lead
What is not the characteristic of colloidal particles?
scatter light
acquire an electric charge
contribute to turbidity
attract each other
What is the most common mechanism adopted for coagulation during water
treatment?
Double layer compression (Ionic layer compression)
Adsorption and charge neutralization
Enmeshment in a precipitate (sweep flocculation)
Adsorption and interparticle bridging
What is the chlorine demand of water if the chlorine dose and free chlorine after
reaction are 2.4 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L respectively?
0.8 mg/L
1.6 mg/L
2.4 mg/L
0 mg/L
Zeta potential between two particles increases with ______________ of their
distance.
Increase
Decrease
Not related
Both
Nalgonda technique is used to remove ______________from water.
Arsenic
Fluoride
Nitrate
Chromium
Environmental impact assessment includes
Environmental statement
Environmental management plan
Risk and hazard assessment and mitigation
All of the above
What is the per capita domestic water consumption in India?
150 L/day
180 L/day
135 L/day
100 L/day
What is the normal loading rate range of rapid sand filter in m/hr
5 15
2 5
0.5 2.0
15 50
What is the normal filtration rate of slow sand filter in m/hr?
1 5
0.1 0.2
5 10
None of the above
What is the Uniformity Coefficient of the particles used in rapid sand filtration?
3 5
< 1.0
1.3 1.7
2 3
Back washing is required in
Pressure sand filter
Rapid sand filter
None of the above
Both
Benefit of using anthracite as dual media filter
Less backwashing
Better filter water quality
Increased filtration rate
All the above
Estimate the fire demand of a city of population 5 million as per Kuiching's
formula
500000 l/min
225000 l/m
150000 l/m
350000 l/m
What is blackwater?
Wastewater from the kitchen
Wastewater from the washing of clothes
Wastewater from toilet flush
Wastewater from bathroom
Major constituents of organic compound in wastewater is
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat
Salts
Inorganic matter in the domestic wastewater consist of
50% of wastewater solid
The term 'Refuse’ generally does not include
Putrescible solid waste
Excreta
Nonputrescible solid waste
Ashes
Giardia Lambia is a pathogenic
Bacteria
Algae
Protozoa
Viruses
Among which of the following represent organic solid in wastewater
TS
TSS
VSS
TFS
What is the recommended pore size of filter used for TSS analysis?
1.5 micron
2.0 micron
3.0 micron
0.5 micron
What is the process in which bacteria increases their population during
consumption of organic matter in the wastewater?
Respiration
Oxidation
Synthesis
Endogenous respiration
If K1(20) is 0.23day1, then K1(30)
will be
0.18 /day
0.31 /day
0.52 /day
0.36 /day
What is the approximate range of BOD of the raw domestic wastewater if COD is
350 mg/L
105 180 mg/L
160 350 mg/L
65 135 mg/L
600 800 mg/L
The BOD5 of a wastewater is determined to be 275mg/L at 25°C.
The k1 value is 0.27 /day. What is the BOD @ 8 days if the test is
run at 15°C
130 mg/L
180 mg/L
245 mg/L
276 mg/L
While predicting the population of a city by Logistic curve method, the following
values have been found. Ps = 650000, m = 7.3, and n = 0.12, Find the
predicted population when t = 30
720000
542000
455000
317200
Estimate the terminal velocity (m/sec) of a silicon particle of 0.1 mm diameter
and Sp. gravity 2.6. Consider the viscosity of water at that temperature is
0.001002 N.s/m2
0.001
0.009
0.002
0.005
The D10 and D60 of stack sand is 0.64 mm and
0.84 mm respectively. The UC of the stack is
0.7
1.9
2.4
1.3
Chlorides from water are removed effectively by
Lime soda process
Reverse osmosis
Cation exchange process
Chemical coagulation
What is the % of inactivation for 3.2 log removal of Giardia Lambia
99.99
99.94
99.34
99.80
Which arrange of the disinfectants show in order from most effective to least
effective
NH2Cl, OCL, HOCL
HOCl, OCL, NH2Cl
OCL, NH2Cl, HOCL
NH2Cl, HOCL, OCL
What is the ratio of BOD and COD in treated wastewater?
0.4 0.6
1.2 1.8
0.1 0.3
2 3
Which of the following relationships is correct
TSS = VSS + TS
VSS = TSS FSS
TS = TSS + VSS
TFS = TS TSS
What is the COD of the sample for following observation? Wastewater sample
used for digestion = 50 ml Volume of FAS used for blank and sample are 12 ml
and 7.5 ml respectively. The molarity of FAS is 0.24 .
173
210
450
380
The ideal percentage of CH4 in the biaogas from anaerobic
digestion is
70%
30%
90%
20%
DAF thickening is efficient for
Primary sludge
Secondary sludge
Inorganic solid
None of the above
Main function of conditioning of the sludge is
Kill the pathogens in the sludge
Reduce the water content of the sludge
Increases the drainability of the sludge
None of the above
Dispersion air into water types of aerater is
Spray type aerator
Air diffuser
Cascade aerator
Coke tray aerator
Below which diamter the coagulation is required for the particles to settle
100 300 micron
1 10 micron
1 0.1 micron
< 100 micron
For a well operating activated sludge process unit, what is the value of sludge
volume index?
< 50 mL/gm
50 150 mL/gm
200 300 mL/gm
> 500 mL/gm
Example of Type IV settling is
Grit removal
Fine sand removal
Secondary clarifier
Sludge thickening
If temperature increases the terminal velocity of the particle
Increases
Decreases
Not related
Remail same
Which of the following below contribute temporary hardness
CaCO3
MgCl2
MgSO4
CaCl2
Which of the following below contribute permanent hardness
CaCO3
MgCO3
MgCl2
Ca(HCO3)2
The mechanism of filtration by which the particles can not follow the altered flow
path due to their mass and hence settle is known as
Mechanical straining
Flocculation
Impaction
Interception
The mechanism of filtration by which the bigger particles can not pass through
the smaller pores and hence seperated is known as
Mechanical straining
Sedimentation
Impaction
Interception
Mudball formation is associated with which type of water treatment
Rapid sand filtration
Slow sand filtration
Coagulation
Disinfection
Estimate the final sludge volume when the sludge is thickened from 3% to 8%
solids concentration. The daily sludge production is 1000 m3.
500
375
450
600
Estimate the recirculation factor of a trickling filter by NRC equation having
recirculation rate of 1.8
3.25
2.01
1.84
0.85
Which of secondary wastewater treatment doesnot require clarifier?
Activated sludge process
Trickling filter
Biological aerated filter
Rotating Biological Contractor
Which type of light energy is effectively absorbed by CO2 in the
lower boundary of the troposphere?
Xrays
UVrays
Visible light
Infra red rays
Which one of the following secondary wastewater treatment doesnot require
primary sedimentation tank?
Trickling filter
Extended aeration process
Activated sludge process
Biological aerated filter
The layer of the lake which is extreme resistent to mixing is
Epilimnion
Hypolimnion
Metalimnion
Benthic
Maximum dissolved oxygen is available in which layer of a lake?
Epilimnion
Metalimnion
Hypolimnion
Thermocline
The maximum dissolved oxygen may be present in water at 20°C at 1 bar
pressure is
13.5 mg/L
1.9 mg/L
9.1 mg/L
7.5 mg/L
Which state of the lakes is having highest dissolved water content?
Eutrophic
Oesotrophic
Oligotrophic
None of the above
Dissolved oxygen in the rivers is generally
Decreses with increse temperature
Increases with increse temperature
Increses with decrese of pressure
None of the above
Permissible value of BOD concentration of the effluent discharged into the inland
water as per CPCB is
10 mg/L
42 mg/L
30 mg/L
25 mg/L
Permissible value of COD concentration of the effluent discharged into the inland
water as per CPCB is
100 mg/L
250 mg/L
500 mg/L
200 mg/L
FLUID MECHANICS (1)
A perfect fluid (also known as an ideal fluid is)
a real fluid
the one which obeys perfect gas laws
compressive and gasseous
incompressible and frictionless
FLUID MECHANICS (10)
The excess pressure (above atmospheric ) inside a soap bubble of diameter 1cm,
by assuming the surface tension of soap solution to be 0.04 N/m, is
32.0 N/m2
16.0 N/m2
160.0 N/m2
0.32 N/m2
A streamlined body with a round nose and a tapering back is generally best
suited for
creeping motion
turbulent subsonic flow
supersonic flow
laminar flow with low Reynolds number
The capillary rise in a 3 mm tube immersed in a liquid is 15 mm. If another tube
of diameter 4mm is immersed in the same liquid the capillary rise would be
11.25mm
20.00mm
8.4 mm
26.67 mm
An apparatus produces water droplets of size 70 m. If the coefficient of surface
tension of water in air is 0.07N/m, the diameter of a tube that can be used to
keep the capillary height between 1.80 cm to 2.00 cm is,
1.65 mm
3.33 cm
1.65 cm
1.40 cm
At a liquidairsolid interface the contact angle measured in the liquid is less
than 90 . The liquid is,
Wetting
Nonwetting
Ideal
Does not form a stable bubble
At 20 deg. Centigragde, pure water will have a vapour pressure, in kPa, of about
0.5
2.34
101.3
8.67
At 100 deg. Centigrade, at sea level, pure water will have a vapour pressure, in
kPa, of about
0.50
2.3
10.1
101.3
For a fluid at rest
the shear stress depends upon the coefficient of velocity
the shear stress is maximum on a plane inclined at 45 deg. To horizontal
the shear stress is zero
the shear stress is zero only on horizontal plane
Normal stresses are of the same magnitude in all directions at a point in a fluid
only when the fluid is frictionless
only when the fluid is at rest
only when there is no shear stress
in all cases of fluid motion
Local atmospheric pressure is measured by
Hydrometer
Barometer
Hygrometer
Altimeter
Identify the correct statement
Local atmospheric pressure is always less than the standard atmospheric
pressure
Local atmospheric pressure depends only on the elevation of the place
A barometer reads the difference between the local and standard
atmospheric pressure
Standard atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury
FLUID MECHANICS (2)
When a shear stress is applied to a substance it is found to resist it by elastic
deformation. The substance is
liquid
solid
gas
fluid
Bourdon gauge measures
absolute pressure
gauge pressure
local atmospheric pressure
standard atmospheric pressure
When the barometer reads 740.00mm of mercury, a pressure of 10kPa suction at
that location is equivalent to
10.02 m of water (abs)
9.87 m of water (abs)
88.53 kPa (abs)
0.043 kPa (abs)
The standard atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury. At a certain location
the barometer reads 710 mm of mercury. At this place an absolute pressure of
360mm of mercury corresponds to a gauge pressure, in mm of mercury
400 mm of vaccum
350 mm of vaccum
760 mm of vaccum
710 mm
A barometer at a given location
shows the local atmospheric pressure which is variant with time
always shows the local atmospheric pressure which may change with
time
shows the standard atmospheric pressure, if it is of aneroid type
shows the local temperature if it of mercury column type
A Utube manometer measures
absolute pressure at a point
local atmospheric pressure
difference in total energy between two points
difference in pressure between two points
A Utube open at both ends and made of 8mm diameter glass tube has mercury
in the bottom to a height of 10 cm above the horizontal limb. If 19 cc of water is
added to one the limbs, the difference in mercury levels at equilibrium is
3.0 cm
2.8 cm
1.0 cm
zero
A cylindrical tank of 2m diameter is laid with its axis horizontal and is filled with
water just to its top. The force on one of its end plates is kN, is
123.0
61.51
30.76
19.58
The centre of buoyancy of a submerged body
coincides with the centre of gravity of the body
coincides with the centroid of the displaced volume of the fluid
is always below the centre of gravity of the body
is always above the centroid of the displaced volume of liquid
An object weighing 100N in air was found to weigh 75 N when fully submerged in
water. The relative density of the object is
4.0
4.5
2.5
1.25
An iceberg has 12% of its volume projecting above the surface of the sea. If the
density of sea water is 1025 kg/cu.m, the density of the iceberg is
875 kg/cu.m
1000 kg/cu.m
1148 kg/cu.m
902 kg/cu.m
FLUID MECHANICS (3)
The viscosity of
liquids increases with temperature
gases increases with temperature
fluids decreases with temperature
fluids increases with temperature
A metal block is thrown into a deep lake. As it sinks deeper in water, the buoyant
force acting on it
increases
remains the same
decreases
first increases and then decreases
When a block of ice floating on water in a container melts, the level of water in
the container
rises
first falls and then rises
remains the same
falls
When a ship enters sea from a river one can expect it
to rise a little
to sink a little
to remain at the same level of draft
to rise or fall depending on whether it is of wood or steel
Buoyant force is the
lateral force acting on a submerged body
resultant force acting on a submerged body
resultant hydrostatic force on a body due to fluid surrounding it
the resultant force due to water on a body
If B=centre of buoyancy, G=is the centre of gravity and M=metacentre of a
floating body, the body will be in stable equilibrium if
MG=0
M is below G
BG=0
M is above G
A liquid undergoing a rigid body rotation in a container is said to have
circulatory flow
circulation
forced vertex motion
free vortex motion
The Flow of a liquid at a constant rate in a conically tapered pipe is classified as
steady, uniform flow
steady, nonuniform flow
unsteady, uniform flow
unsteady, nonuniform flow
A pathline is the
mean direction of a number of particles at the same instant of time
instantaneous picture of positions of all particles in the flow which passed
a given point
trace made by a single particle over a period of time
path traced by continuously injected tracer at a point
A streamline is a line
which is normal to the velocity vector at every point
which represents lines of constant velocity potential
which is normal to the lines of constant stream function
which is tangential to the velocity vector everywhere at a given instant
In a steady flow
streamlines and pathlines are identical but are different from streakline
streakline and pathlines are identical but are different from streamlines
streamline, streakline and pathline can all be different from each other
none of the above
FLUID MECHANICS (4)
A real fluids is any fluid which
has surface tension and is incompressible
has zero shear stress
has constant viscosity and density
has density
In a rectangular channel 3m wide the depth of flow is 1.3m and the velocity is
1.6m/s. At a hydraulic structure 1.24 m3/s of discharge is withdrawn and the
canal width is reduced to 2.5m. The depth of flow in this section at a velocity of
1.5 m/s is
1.21m
1.00m
1.33m
1.66m
A flow has diverging straight streamlines. If the flow is steady, the flow
is a uniform flow with local acceleration
has convective normal acceleration
has convective tangential acceleration
has convective normal as well as tangential accelerations
A flow has parallel curved streamlines and is steady. This flow has
tangential convective acceleration
local acceleration
normal convective as well as local acceleration
normal convective acceleration
A velocity potential exists
whenever the real fluids flow exists
when the flow is real and rotational
when the flow satisfies the conditions of irrotational motion
when the flow satisfies the equations of continuity
If a stream function exists it implies that
the stream function represent a possible flow field
the flow is irrotational
the flow is steady, incompressible
the potential function also exists
Indicate the incorrect statement: A flow net
is applicable to irrotational fluid flow
for a given boundary is the same whether the flow is in one direction or
the other
for a given boundary is applicable to one chosen direction of flow; if the
flow is reversed the flow net will change
will be so constructed that the size of the mesh is inversely proportional
to the local velocity
Bernoulli equation is applicable between any two points
in any rotational flow of an incompressible fluid
in any type of irrotational flow of a fluid
in steady rotational flow of an incompressible fluid
in steady, irrotational flow of an incompressible fluid
The piezometric head of a flow is
the sum of the velocity head and datum head
the sum of the pressure head and velocity head
the sum of the pressure head and velocity head
the sum of the velocity head, pressure head and datum head
In a flow of a real fluid with no addition of energy
the energy line will be horizontal or sloping upward in the direction of the
flow
the energy line can never be horizontal or sloping upward in the direction
of the flow
the piezometric line can never be horizontal or sloping downward in the
direction of the flow
the centre line of the pipe can never be above the energy line
The total head in a flow is the sum of
potential head and datum head
piezometric head and pressure head
piezometric head and velocity head
piezometric head, velocity head and datum head
FLUID MECHANICS (5)
Typical example of a nonNewtonian fluid of pseudoplastic variety is
Water
Air
Blood
Printing ink
The difference between the total head line and the hydraulic grade line
represents
the velocity head
the piezometric head
the pressure head
the elevation head
In a pipeline the hydraulic grade line is above the pipe centre line is the
longitudinal section at point A and below the pipe centre line at another point B.
From this it can be inferred that
vaccum pressure prevail at B
vaccum pressure prevail at A
the flow is from A to B
the flow is from B to A
In a twodimensional duct flow air flows in the bottom half of the duct with
uniform velocity and there is no flow in the upper half. The value of the kinetic
energy correction factor for this flow is
2.0
2.25
4.0
3.0
A 15 cm diameter pipe carries a flow of 70 lit/s of an oil (RD=0.75). At a section
12 cm above the datum the pressure is vaccum of 2 cm of mercury. If the kinetic
energy correction factor for this section is 1.1,the total head at the section in
meters of oil is
0.648
0.728
0.557
0.637
A nozzle direct a liquid jet at an angle of elevation 45 deg. The hydraulic grade
line for the jet
coincides with the centre line of the jet
will be horizontal at the level of the jet
will be horizontal at the level of the energy line
coincides with the energy line
A pump delivers 50 L/s of water and delivers 7.5 kW of power to the system. The
head developed by the pump is
7.5m
5.0m
1.53m
15.32m
The linear momentum equation is based on
Newton’s law of viscosity
Newton’s first law
Newton’s second law
Newton’s third law
A control volume is
the volume of fluid flowing per unit of time
a volume fixed in space
the volume in which a control device is situated
the volume of the fluid controlling device
The line momentum equation is
scalar relation
an approximate relation for engineering analysis
a relation applicable to incompressible fluids only
a vector relation
The linear momentum equation applied to a control volume in a flow through a
nozzle yielded the resultant reaction force R, on the fluid in the control volume.
The force required to keep the nozzle in position is
the same as R in magnitude and direction
equal to R but opposite in direction
equal to the xcomponent of R
equal to R minus the friction force
FLUID MECHANICS (6)
In a sample of water an increase of pressure by 18 MN/m2 caused 1% reduction
in the volume. The bulk modulus of elasticity of this sample, in MN/m2 is
1.8
180
1800
0.18
A jet of oil (R=0.8) has an area of 0.02 sq.m and a velocity of 10 m/s. If it
strikes a plate normally, the force exerted on the plate is
1597 N
1996 N
15665 N
19581 N
A water jet has an area of 0.03 sq.m and impinges normally on a plate. If a force
of 1 kN is produced as a result of this impact, the velocity of the jet, in m/s, is
15
33.4
3.4
5.78
A water jet 0.015 sq.m in area has a velocity of 15 m/s. If this jet impinges
normally on a plate which is moving at a velocity of 5 m/s in the direction of the
jet, the force on the plate due to this impact is
3368 N
2246 N
14907 N
14686 N
A fire hose has a nozzle attached to it and the nozzle discharges a jet of water
into the atmosphere at 20 m/s. This places the joint of the nozzle
in compression
in tension
in a state of zero stress
in bending stresses
A twodimensional jet strikes a fixed twodimensional plane at 45 deg. To the
normal to the plane. This causes the jet to split into two streams whose
discharges are in the ratio
1.0
2.41
5.83
1.414
The velocity distribution over one half of a cross section is uniform and is zero
over the remaining half. The momentum correction factor for this cross section is
2.0
4.0
1.0
3.0
Hydraulic grade line for flow in a pipe of constant diameter is
always above the centreline of the pipe
always above the energy grade line
always sloping downwards in the direction of the flow
coincides with the pipe centreline
The minor loss due to sudden contraction is due to
flow contraction
expansion of flow after sudden contraction
boundary friction
cavitation
Minor losses in a pipe flow are those losses
which are insignificantly small
which can be neglected always
caused by local disturbance due to pipe fittings
caused by frictional resistance
Two identical pipes of length L, diameter D and friction factor f, are connected in
series between two reservoirs. The size of a pipe of length L and of the same
friction factor f, equivalent to the above pipes, is
0.5D
0.87D
1.15D
1.40D
FLUID MECHANICS (7)
Broadly speaking, water is
Broadly speaking, water is
10 times more compressible than steel
80 times more compressible than steel
80 times less compressible than steel
800 times les compressible than steel
Two identical pipes of length L, diameter D and friction factor f, are connected in
parallel between two reservoirs. The size of a pipe of length L and of the same
friction factor f, equivalent to the above pipes, is
0.5D
0.87D
1.40D
2.0D
In using DarcyWeisbach equation for flow in a pipe, the friction factor is
misjudged by +25%. The resulting error in the estimated discharge Q is
+25%
16.67%
5%
12.5%
A pipeline connecting two reservoirs has its diameter reduced by 10% over a
length of time due to chemical deposit action. If the friction factor remains
unaltered, for a given head difference in the reservoirs this would reflect in a
reduction in discharge of
10%
14.6%
23.2%
31.6%
Three pipes are connected in series. Then
the head loss in each pipe is the same
the total discharge is the sum of the discharges in the individual pipes
the discharge through each pipe is the same
the Reynolds number for each pipe is the same
The discharge Q in a pipe of know f is estimated by using the head loss hf in a
length L and diameter D. If an error of 1% is involved in the measurement of D,
the corresponding error in the estimation of Q is
2.5%
1.0%
0.4%
5%
In a pipe network
the algebraic sum of discharges around each elementary circuit must be
zero
the head at each node must be the same
the algebraic sum of the piezometric head drops around each elementary
circuit is zero
the piezometric head loss in each line of a circuit is the same
The equations of motion for laminar flow of a real fluid are known as
Euler’s equation
Bernoulli equation
NavierStokes equation
HagenPoiseuille equation
Identity the incorrect statement
Laminar flow is rotational
Loss of head in laminar flow in a pipe is proportional to square of the
velocity
In laminar flow the friction factor f is directly proportional to the Reynolds
number
In laminar flow in a conduit the shear stress varies linearly across the
pipe
In a twodimensional, steady, horizontal, uniform laminar flow the shear gradient
in the normal direction is equal to
the velocity gradient in the normal direction
the velocity gradient in the longitudinal direction
the pressure gradient in the normal direction
the pressure gradient in the direction of flow
An oil of kinematic viscosity 0.25 stokes flows through a pipe of diameter 10cm.
The flow is critical at a velocity of
7.2 m/s
5.0 m/s
0.5 m/s
0.72 m/s
FLUID MECHANICS (8)
If a capillary rise of water is a 2mm diameter tube is 1.5cm, the height of
capillary rise in a 0.5mm diameter tube, in cm, will be
10.0
1.5
6.0
24.0
In a steady flow of an oil in a pipe in laminar regime the shear stress is
constant across the pipe
maximum at the centre and decreases parabolically towards the sides
zero at the boundary and increases linearly towards the centre
zero at the centre and increases linearly towards the boundary
Oil of viscosity 1.5 Pa.s and relative density 0.9 flows through a circular pipe of
diameter 5cm with a mean velocity of 1.2 m/s. The shear stress at the wall in Pa
is
360
288
180
144
In a circular pipe of certain length carrying oil at a Reynolds number 100, it is
proposed to triple the discharge. If the viscosity remains unchanged, the power
input will have to be
decreased to 1/3 its original value
increased by 100%
increased to 3 times the original value
increased to 9 times its original value
The minimum value of friction factor f that can occur in laminar flow through a
circular pipe is
0.025
zero
. 0.064
0.032
A 20cm diameter pipe carries a fluid of relative density 0.9. If the boundary
shear stress in the pipe is 0.50 Pa, the head loss in a length of 100m of the pipe
line is
11.35m
4.54m
0.36m
9.08m
The friction factor f in a laminar pipe flow was found to be 0.04.The Reynolds
number of the flow was
2000
1000
800
1600
Uniform flow in a channel is characterised by the following statement:
Total energy remains constant along the channel
Gradient of the total energy is parallel to the channel bed
Specific energy decreases along the channel
The total energy line either rises or falls depending upon the Froude
number
Uniform flow in an open channel exists when the flow is steady and the
channel is frictionless
channel is nonprismatic
channel is prismatic
channel is prismatic and the depth of flow is constant along the channel
In defining a Froude number applicable to channels of any shape, the length
parameter used is the
depth of flow
hydraulic radius
ratio of area to top width
wetted perimeter
The flow can be uniform in
a nonprismatic channel
a wide rectangular channel
a horizontal trapezoidal channel
a frictionless rectangular channel
FLUID MECHANICS (9)
If the surface tension of waterair interface is 0.073 N/m, the guage pressure
inside a rain drop of 1mm diameter is,
146.0 N/m2
0.146 N/m2
73.0 N/m2
292.0 N/m2
The term alternate depths in open channel flow is used to designate the depths
at the beginning and end of hydraulic jump
having the same kinetic energy for a given discharge
having the same specific energy for a given discharge
at the beginning and end of a gradually varied flow profile
Which of the following is not a dimensionless number:
DarcyWeisbach friction factor f
Coefficient of drag Cd
Manning’s coefficient n
coefficient of velocity Cv
Which of the following is a dimensionless number:
Manning’s coefficient n
Pipe friction factor f
Chezy coefficient C
HazenWilliam coefficient CH
Dynamic similarity is said to exist between two fluids flows when at
corresponding points there are
geometrical similarity and similarity of forces involved
kinematic similarity and dynamic similarity
interaction of inertia and viscous forces
interaction between inertia, viscous and pressure forces
In hydraulic modelling of flow pattern around a body submerged in a fluid the
nondimensional number which has to be kept the same in the model and
prototype is
Weber number
Froude number
Reynolds number
Strouhal number
The fall velocity of a sand grain in water is to be modelled by using particles of
the same relative density as sand and a liquid whose kinematic viscosity is 100
times larger than that of water. The diameters of the particles in the model that
will have the same fall velocity as the prototype will be
10 times smaller
10 times larger
100 times smaller
100 times larger
The drag force on a body
is the net frictional force on the body
is the net pressure force on the body
is the component of the resultant force in the direction of the relative
velocity
is the component of the resultant force in a direction perpendicular to the
direction of gravity
The lift force on a body
is due to buoyant force
is always in the direction of the gravity
is the component of the resultant force in a vertical directions
is the component of the resultant force in a direction normal to relative
velocity
In calculating the drag force using CD the area used is
always the frontal area
the planform area when the body is flat like an airfoil
the planform area when the body is bluff like a sphere
always the planform area
Pressure drag results due to
formation of wake
turbulence in the wake
existence of stagnation point in the front of a body
high Reynolds number
Foundation Engineering (1)
For an undisturbed sample area ratio should be
Zero
10% or less
10% to 20%
More than 20%
The load carrying capacity of the pile depends upon
Skin friction
Point resistance
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
The negative skin friction on a pile develops when
The soil in which it is driven is sandy soil
The soil surrounding it settles more than the pile
The ground water table rises
The soil near the tip is clay
The group efficiency of a driven pile in sand at a close spacing may be
Equal to 100%
Greater than 100%
Well below 100%
None of the above
A 30.00cm diameter pile is driven 10.00m into a homogeneous consolidated clay
deposit. The safe load when the FOS is 2.50, unit cohesion is 40 kN/m2 and
adhesion factor is 0.70
150.8 kN
105.6 kN
215.4 kN
211.2 kN
The number of blows observed in a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) for different
penetration depths are given as follows Penetration of Sampler Number of blows
0 – 150 mm 5 150 – 300 mm 10 300 – 450 mm 12 The observed N value is
15
22
17
27
When a retaining wall moves towards the backfill, the pressure exerted on the
wall is termed as
active earth pressure
passive earth pressure
at rest earth pressure
swell pressure
Dialatancy correction is required when a strata is
gravel and not saturated and also has SPT N value > 15
saturated silt/fine sand and SPT N value > 10 after overburden correction
saturated silt/fine sand and SPT N value > 15 after overburden correction
clayey with SPT N value < 30
A precast concrete pile is driven with a 50 kN hammer falling through a height of
1.0 m with an efficiency of 0.6. The set value observed is 4 mm per blow and
combined temporary compression of the pile, cushion and ground is 6mm. As per
the Modified Hiley formula, the ultimate resistance of the pile is
200 kN
4285.7 kN
9888 kN
300 kN
The two criteria for the determination of allowable bearing capacity of a
foundation are
tensile and compressive failure
tensile failure and settlement
bond and shear failure
shear failure and settlement
The ultimate load capacity of a 10 m long concrete pile of square cross section
500 mm x 500 mm driven into a homogeneous clay layer having undrained
cohesion of 40 kPa is 700 kN. If the cross section of the pile is reduced to 250 x
250 mm and length of the pile is increased to 20 m, the ultimate capacity will be
350 kN
632.5 kN
1400 kN
722.5 kN
The standard penetration test is usefull to measure
Shear strength of soft clay
Shear strength of sand
Consistency of clay
None of the above
The plate load test conducted on a 400 mm square plate in clayey soil gives
ultimate bearing capacity of plate as 15 t/m2. The ultimate bearing capacity of
1.6 m square footing on same soil will be
3.75 t/m2
15 t/m2
60 t/m2
100 t/m2
During the subsurface investigations for design of foundations a standard
penetration test was conducted at 4.5 m below the ground surface. The record
numbers of blows is given below Penetration depth (cm) 0 – 7.5 7.5 15 15 –
22.5 22.5 30 30 – 37.5 37.5 45 No. of blows 3 3 8 8 10 7 Assuming the water
table at ground level, soil as fine sand and correction for overburden as 1.0, the
corrected ‘N’ value for the soil would be
33
26
24
39
The vertical stress at some depth below the corner of a 2 m x 3 m rectangular
footing due to certain load intensity is 150 kN/m2. What will be the vertical
stress in kN/m2 below the centre of a 4 m x 6 m rectangular footing at the same
depth and same load intensity?
150
300
450
600
The width and depth of a footing are 2.5 m and 1.5 m respetively. The water is
at a depth of 2.75 m below the ground level. The water table correction factor for
calculation of bearing capacity is
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.00
If ultimate load carrying capacity of a 4 x 4 pile group in clayey soil is 1400 t and
ultimate load carrying capacity of a single pile is 100 t, estimate the efficiency of
the pile group.
87.5%
114.2%
7.1%
50%
Pick the true statement (a) Routine pile load tests are conducted to find ultimate
load carrying capacity of pile (b) Initial load tests are conducted on working piles
(c) Piles in major projects need to be tested for compression, tension and uplift
capacities (d) In a Routine test in vertical compression mode, maximum
settlement of pile under application 1.5 times the working load should not exceed
12 mm.
a, b true
b, c true
c, d true
d, a true
A precast concrete pile is driven with a 50 kN hammer falling through a height of
1.0 m with an efficiency of 0.6. The set value observed is 4 mm per blow and
combined temporary compression of the pile, cushion and ground is 6mm. As per
the Modified Hiley formula, the ultimate resistance of the pile is
200 kN
4286 kN
9888 kN
300 kN
Pick the true sentence (a) Precast concrete piles require less reinforcement (area
of steel) compared to castinsitu piles (b) Slip layers are possible in precast
piles (c) Contiguous piles can be installed in case of driven piles (d) Driven piles
result in higher capacity in sandy soils and low capacity in sensitive clays
a,b true
b,c true
c,d true
b,d true
When a retaining wall moves away from the backfill, the pressure exerted on the
wall is termed as
at rest earth pressure
passive earth pressure
active earth pressure
swell pressure
The inclination of the failure plane behind a vertical wall in the passive pressure
case is inclined to the horizontal at
45° φ/2
45° φ
45° + φ/2
45° + φ
Landslides occur in India predominantly during monsoon periods, because
incerase in pore water pressure in soil
decrease in pore water pressure in soil
shaking of soil
traffic
If a uniform surcharge (due to construction of a building) of 150 kN/m2 is placed
on the cohesionless backfill with φ = 30°, the increase in active pressure on
retaining wall is
150 kN/m2
50 kN/m2
300 kN/m2
75 kN/m2
The yield of a retaining wall required to reach plastic equilibrium in active case is
more than that in passive case
less than that in passive case
equal to that in passive case
zero
The SPT N values obtained below a 2 m wide footing is given below Depth below
footing (m) SPT N value 0 20 0.75 17 1.5 19 2.25 48 3 16 3.75 22 The average
N value to be considered for calculating bearing capacity is
22
17
16
20
The plate load test conducted on a 300 mm square plate in clayey soil gives
ultimate bearing capacity of plate as 10 t/m2. The ultimate bearing capacity of
1.5 m square footing on same soil will be
10 t/m2
50 t/m2
2 t/m2
100 t/m2
The plate load test conducted on 300 mm square plate on sandy soil gives
settlement of 7.3 mm for the intensity of loading of 238 kN/m2. The settlement
of 3.55 m square footing on same soil for same loading intensity will be
88 mm
1mm
7.3mm
25mm
If σh, σv, σh’ and σv’ represent the total horizontal stress, total vertical stress,
effective horizontal stress and effective vertical stress on a soil element,
respectively, the coefficient of earth pressure at rest is given by
σh/σv
σh’/σv’
σv/σh
σv’/σh’
The unconfined compressive strength of a saturated clay sample is 54 KPa the
value of cohension for the clay is
Zero
13.5 KPa
27 KPa
54 KPa
A footing 2 m × 1 m exerts a uniform pressure of 150 kN/m2 on the soil.
Assuming a load dispersion of 2 vertical to 1 horizontal, the average vertical
stress (kN/m2) at 1.0 m below the footing is
50
75
80
100
A pile of 0.50 m diameter and length 10 m is embedded in a deposit of clay. The
undrained strength parameters of the clay are cohesion = 60 kN/m2 and the
angle in internal friction = 0. The skin friction capacity (kN) of the pile for an
adhesion factor of 0.6, is
671
565
283
106
The vertical stress at some depth below the corner of a 2m×3m rectangular
footing due to certain load intensity is 100 kN/m2. What will be the vertical
stress in kN/m2 below the centre of a 4m×6m rectangular footing at the same
depth and same load intensity?
25
100
200
400
If the actual value of the standard penetration number (N) is greater than 15 for
fine sands below water table, The corrected value of N is
15 + 0.5 (N’15)
15 + 0.5 (N’+15)
15 0.5 (N’15)
15 0.5 (N’+15)
The bearing capacity of a rectangular footing of plan dimensions 1.5 m × 3 m
resting on the surface of a sand deposit was estimated as 600 kN/m2 when the
water table is far below the base of the footing. The bearing capacities in
kN/m2when the water level rises to depths of 3 m, 1.5 m and 0.5 m below the
base of the footing are
600, 600, 400
600, 450, 350
600, 500, 250
600, 400, 250
The action of negative skin friction on the pile is to
increase the ultimate load on the pile
reduce the allowable load on the pile
maintain the working load on the pile
reduce the settlement of the pile
A long slope is formed in a soil with shear strength parameters: c’ = 0 and φ’ =
34°. A firm stratum lies below the slope and it is assumed that the water table
may occasionally rise to the surface, with seepage taking place parallel to the
slope. Use γsat = 18 kN/m3 and γw = 10 kN/m3. The maximum slope angle (in
degrees) to ensure a factor of safety of 1.5, assuming a potential failure surface
parallel to the slope, would be
45.3
44.7
12.3
11.3
Group I enlists insitu field tests carried out for soil exploration, while Group II
provides a list of parameters for subsoil strength characterization. Match the
type of tests with the characterization parameters. Group I Group II P.
Pressuremeter Test (PMT) 1. Menard’s modulus (Em) Q. Static Cone Penetration
Test (SCPT) 2. Number of blows (N) R. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) 3. Skin
resistance (fc) S. Vane Shear Test (VST) 4. Undrained cohesion (cu)
P 1; Q 3; R 2; S 4
P 1; Q 2; R 3; S 4
P 2; Q 3; R 4; S 1
P 4; Q 1; R 2; S 3
A circular raft foundation of 20 m diameter and 1.6 m thick is provided for a tank
that applies a bearing pressure of 110 kPa on sandy soil with Young's modulus,
Es' = 30 MPa and Poisson's ratio, vs = 0.3. The raft is made of concrete (Ec = 30
GPa and vc = 0.15). Considering the raft as rigid, the elastic settlement (in mm)
is
50.96
53.36
63.72
66.71
Underreamed piles are generally
driven piles
bored piles
precast piles
all the above
Factor of safety against sliding of a slope, is the ratio of
actual cohesion to that required to maintain stability of slope
shear strength to shear stress along the surface
neither (a) nor (b)
both (a) and (b).
Back fill with a sloping surface exerts a total active pressure Pa on the wall of
height H and acts at
H/4 above the base parallel to base
H/5 above the base parallel to base.
A pile is being driven with a drop hammer weighing 1800 kg and having a free
fall of 1.00 m. If the penetration with last blow is 5 mm, the load carrying
capacity of the pile, according to the Engineering News formula, is
100 tonnes
50 tonnes
20 tonnes
10 tonnes
For a clay slope of height of 10 m, the stability number is 0.05, γ = 2.0 t/m3, C
= 2.5 t/m2, the critical height of the slope of the soil, is
4.0 m
12.5 m
25.0 m
15.0 m
The bearing capacity of soil supporting a footing of size 3m x 3m will not be
affected by the presence of water table located at a depth below the base of the
footing
1.00m
1.50m
3.00m
2.00m
The maximum load carried by a pile, when it continues to sink without further
increase of load, is known as
ultimate load carrying capacity
ultimate bearing capacity
ultimate bearing resistant
all the above
If the back fill is having a uniform surcharge of intensity q per unit area, the
lateral pressure will be
q times the lateral pressure within the surface
1/q times the lateral pressure within the surface
equal to a fill of height Z equal to q/r, where r is the density of the backfill
none of these.
Negative skin friction on piles
is caused due to relative settlement of the soil
is caused in soft clays
decreases the pile capacity
all of the above
The ultimate bearing capacity of a soil, is
total load on the bearing area
safe load on the bearing area
load at which soil fails
load at which soil consolidate
The passive earth pressure of a soil, is proportional to (where φ is the angle of
internal friction of the soil.)
tan (45° φ)
tan (45° + φ)
tan2 (45° φ)
tan2 (45° + φ)
The method of the slices is applicable to
homogenous soils
stratified soils
saturated soils
nonuniform slopes
For slopes of limited extent the surface of slippage, is usually along
a parabolic arc
an elliptical arc
a straight line
a circular arc.
The intensity of active earth pressure at a depth of 10 metres in dry cohesionless
sand with an angle of internal friction of 30° and with a weight of 1.8 t/m3, is
4 t/m2
5 t/m2
6 t/m2
7 t/m2
Failure of a slope occurs only when total shear force is
equal to total shearing strength
greater than total shearing strength
less than total shearing strength
none of these.
The maximum pressure which a soil can carry without shear failure, is called
safe bearing capacity
net safe bearing capacity
net ultimate bearing capacity
ultimate bearing capacity
The permissible settlement is maximum in the case of
Isolated footing on clay
Raft on clay
Isolated footing on sand
Raft on sand
A failure wedge develops if a retaining wall
moves away from the backfill
moves towards the backfill
sinks downwards
stresses equally by vertical and horizontal forces
For determining the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, the recommended size of a
square bearing plate to be used in load plate test should be 30 to 75 cm square
with a minimum thickness of
5 mm
10 mm
15 mm
25 mm
Terzaghi's bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq and Nγ are functions of
Angle of internal friction only
cohesion only
Both cohesion and angle of internal friction
none of the above
In the plate loading test for determining the bearing capacity of soil, the size of
bearing plate should be
between 300 mm and 750 mm
less than 300 mm
between 750 mm and 1m
greater than 1 m
Significant depth of exploration for pile foundation is
1.5 B
3B
10 to 30m
both a and c
The weight of the hammer shall be in the SPT is
640N
65N
460 N
56 kg
N value is the number blows required for penetration
150mm
300mm
450mm
600mm
Compute the area ratio of a thin walled tube samples having an external
diameter of 51mm and a wall thickness of 48mm
17%
34%
13%
24%
A SPT is conducted in fine sand below water table and a value of 25 is obtained
for N’. What is the corrected value of N?
20
25
30
45
Punching shear may occur with relative density less than
35%
65%
85%
95%
If the gross bearing capacity of strip footing 1.50m wide located at the depth of
1.00m in clay is 400 kN/m2, its net bearing capacity for γ = 20 kN/m3 is
370 kN/m2
380 kN/m2
390 kN/m2
360 kN/m2
For angle of internal friction grater than 36°, the foundation attains
failure.
General Shear
Local shear
Punching shear
none
If angle of internal friction =0°, Nc value becomes
5.14
5.24
4.15
4.24
As per IS 6403, shape factor for square footing is
1.3
2
1.2
1
Plate load test used to find
Ultimate bearing cpacity
settlement
Loads
both a and b
For settlement analysis, Load spread line angle is
30
45
60
0
Downward drag force is called as Downward drag force is called as

Negative skin friction
Unit skin friction
Frictional resistance
None
Factor of safety for a Pile foundation is
4
6
2.5
5
Depth below the ground in clayey soil where the active earth pressure intensity is
zero is given by
2C√ka / γ
2C γ / √ka
2C / γ √ka
2C γ / ka
A retaining wall retains a sand strata with φ = 30 ᶱ upto its top. If a uniform
surcharge of 12 t/m2 is subsequently put on the sand strata. Then the increase
in the lateral earth pressure intensity on the retaining wal due to surcharge will
be
1 t/m2
2 t/m2
4 t/m2
8 t/m2
In cohesion less soil deposit having a unit weight of 1.5 t/m2 and an angle of
internal friction of 30 ᶱ, The active and passive lateral earth pressure intensities
(in t/m2) at a depth of 10 m will, respectively be
15 and 5
5 and 45
10 and 20
20 and 10
The coefficient of subgrade reaction depends upon
The size of footing
The shape of footing
The depth of footing
All the above
Base failure of a finite slope
Occurs when soil below the level of toes is strong
Occurs when there is a relatively weak zone in upper part of the slope
Occurs when the soil below the toe is relatively soft and weak
is a most common failure and occurs in relatively steep slopes
A slope of infinite extent is made in dense sand layer at an angle of 30ᶱ to
horizontal. The factor of safety of the slope against shear failure, if the angle of
internal friction of the sand is 36 ᶱ , is
1
1.26
1.45
1.5
The net ultimate bearing capacity of a purely cohesive soil
depends on width of footing and is independent of depth of footing
depends on width of footing and is independent of width of footing
depends on both width and depth of footing
is independent of both depth and width of footing
Contact pressure beneath a rigid footing resting on a cohesive soil is
less at edge compare to middle
more at edge compare to middle
uniform throughout
none of the above
A strip footing of width 1.00m is resting on soft clay strata at a depth of 1.00m.
The angle of internal friction is zero, and cohesion is 20 kN/m2. The water table
is at a great depth. The ultimate bearing capacity according to Terzaghi’s
equation is
120 kN/m2
114 kN/m2
157 kN/m2
none of the above
A deep cut is made in a soft clay having C= 20 kN/m2, The depth of the cut is
7m and width is 3.20m. The length is fairly long. The FOS against the heave of
the bottom of the cut. Assume the unit weight of the saturated clay as 20 kN/m3
2
3
1.03
1.4
A rectangular footing 1m x 2m is placed at a depth of 2.00m in saturated clay
having UCC strength of 100 kN/m2. According to Skempton, the net ultimate
bearing capacity is
420 kN/m2
412.5 kN/m2
385 kN/m2
350 kN/m2
The gross bearing capacity of a footing is 450 kN/m2. If the footing is 1.5 m wide
at a depth of 1.00m in clay soil with unit weight of 20 kN/m3, the net bearing
capacity will be
400 kN/m2
430 kN/m2
435 kN/m2
440 kN/m2
A 2.00m wide strip footing rests at a depth of 2.00m below ground surface in a
clay deposit where water table is at ground surface. C= 3 t/m2 and γsat = 2
t/m3. The best estimate of the net ultimate load which the footing can carry is
18 t/m
22 t/m
24 t/m
28 t/m
A 60 cm square bearing plate settles by 1.5 cm in plate loading test on a
cohesionless soil under an intensity of loading 2 kg/cm2. The settlement of a
prototype shallow footing 1m square under the same intensity of loading is
1.5cm
between 1.5 and 2.5cm
2.5 cm
greater than 2.5 cm
A pile foundation is used when
The soil stratum near ground surface is week
The loads are heavy
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
A 30 cm square bearing plate settles by 1.5 cm in plate loading test on a
cohesionless soil under an intensity of loading 2 kg/cm2. The settlement of a
prototype shallow footing 1m square under the same intensity of loading is
1.5cm
2.0cm
5cm
3.00cm
A 30cm diameter friction pile is embedded 10.00m into a homogeneous
consolidated deposit. Unit adhesion developed between clay and pile shaft is 4
t/m2 and adhesion factor is 0.7. the safe load for FOS 2.5 will be
21.5 t
11.5 t
10.55 t
6.35 t
A single acting steam hammer weighing 82.5 kN and falling through a height of
1.2 m drives a pile. If the final set is 12.5mm, then according to Engineering
News formula
allowable load for the pile is 300 kN
Ultimate capacity of the pule is 300 kN/m2
Allowable load for the pile is 120 kN
Ultimate capacity of the pule is 120 kN/m2
The bearing capacity of a strip footing on a saturated clay is 120 kN/m2. The
bearing capacity of a circular footing (diameter = width) will be
more than 120 kN/m2
equal to 120 kN/m2
less than 120 kN/m2
any one of the above
A pile is embedded quite deep in a clay stratum. The clay has a cohesion of 3.5
t/m2. The ultimate point resistance of the pile will be
19.6 t/m2
25 t/m2
21 t/m2
31.5 t/m2
The unit cohesion of saturated clay is 1 kg/cm2. The net ultimate bearing
capacity of a square footing in this clay will be approximately
2 t/m2
10 t/m2
15 t/m2
20 t/m2
The RC pile is driven with a drop hammer weighing 18 kN and having a free fall
of 1.5m. The penetration in last blow is 5.00mm. The load carrying capacity of
the pile as per Engineering news formula will be
100 kN
150 kN
200 kN
250 kN
In a group of piles with pile diameter 20cm and centre to centre spacing 1.00m
and length of each pile 10.00m. The value of load carrying capacity of pile group
if C=20 kN/m2 will be
1600 kN/m2
1760 kN/m2
2000 kN/m2
1800 kN/m2
A pilehaving crosssectional area of one squaremetre is embedded quite deep in
a clay stratum. The clay has cohesion of 4.0 t/m2. The ultimate point resistance
of the pile will be
51.2 t/m2
36 t/m2
62.3 t/m2
66.5 t/m2
A 2.00m wide strip footing rests at a depth of 2.00m below the ground surface
where the water table is at the ground surface. The ultimate load which the strip
can carry according to Terzaghi’s theory when γsat = 20 kN/m3 and C = 30
kN/m2 is about
171 kN/m
342 kN/m
422 kN/m
262 kN/m
Highway Engineering (1)
Bitumen of grade 80/100 means
its penetration value is 8 mm
its penetration value is 10 mm
its penetration value is 8 to 10mm
its penetration value is 8 to 10 cm
Communtative speed distribution curve is usually adopted for geometric design
of highway. The percentile speed adopted for geometric design is
85th percentile speed
99.9th percentile speed
The area of a certain district in India is 13,400 sq.km. and there are 12 towns as
per 1981 census. The length of National highways to be provided in the district
by the year 2001 are
168 km
536 km
482 km
1072 km
If free mean speed on a roadway is found to be 80 kmph under stopped
condition and average spacing between vehicles is 6.9m, then capacity flow will
be
1500 vehicle / h / lane
In soil stabilisation
subgrade should be treated if it has a soaked CBR of 5 or less
subbases, after treatment, should have plasticity index not less than 5
Base courses after treatment should have plasticity index of not more
than 2 and a VBR in excess of 100
none of these
Gravity model is used in transportation planning process for
model split
trip distribution
trip generation
trip assignment
A traffic rotary is justified where
number of interesting roads is between 4 and 7
space is limited and costly
when traffic volume is less than 500 vehicles per hour
when traffic volume is more than 5000 vehicles per hour
Maximum number of vehicles can be parked with
parellel parking
30 degree angle parking
The entrance and exit curves of a rotary have
equal radii and equal width of pavement
equal radii but pavement width is more at entrance than at exit curve
equal pavement widths but radius is more at entrance curve than at exit
curve
different radii and different widths of pavements
As per IRC recommendations, average level of illumination on important roads
carrying fast traffic is
10 lux
15 lux
20 lux
30 lux
Conflict which may occur in a rotary intersection is
merging and diverging
crossing and merging
crossing, merging, and diverging
crossing and diverging
Reflection cracking is observed in
flexible pavement
rigid pavement
rigid overlay over flexible pavement
Bituminous overlay over cement concrete pavement
Which of the following statement is correct?
Traffic volume should always be more than traffic capacity
Traffic capacity should always be more than traffic volume
Spot speed is the average speed of a vechicle at a specified section
85th percentile speed is more than 98th percentile speed
Expansion joints in cement concrete pavements are provided at an intervel of
10 m
15 m
18 m to 20 m
25 m to 30 m
In the revised CBR design method recommended by the IRC for the design of
flexible pavement, total thickness depends upon
CBR value of soil only
CBR value of soil and magnitude of wheel load
CBR value of soil and number of commercial vehicles per day
CBR value of soil and cumulative standard axle loads
As per IRC, maximum load of axle of a vehicle should not exceed
8165 kg
9500 kg
800 kg
7500 kg
The critical condition of loading for combination of stresses in cement concrete
roads for corner region is
load stress + frictional stress
load stress + warping stress
load stress + warping stress + frictional stress
load stress + warping stress frictional stress
The ratio of width of car parking area required at kerb for 30 degree parking
relative to 60 degree parking is approximately
0.72
0.57
0.83
2.0
Which of the following represents a carpet of sandbitumen mix without coarse
aggregates?
Mastic asphalt
Sheet asphalt
Bituminous carpet
Bituminous concrete
The walls which are necessary on the hill side of roadway where earth has to be
retained from slipping is called
retaining wall
breast wall
parapet wall
none of these
The function of an expansion joint in rigid pavements is to
relieve warping stresses
relieve shrinkage stresses
resist stresses due to expansion
allow free expansion
Spacing between contraction joints for 3.5 meter slab width having thickness of
20 cm and f = 1.5 for reinforcement cement concrete, 1.0 cm diameter bars at
0.30 m spacing will be
6.51 m
7.12 m
8.72 m
9.35 m
Equivalent radius of resisting section of 20 cm slab for radius of contact area of
wheel load of 15 cm will be
9.5 cm
10.21 cm
14.07 cm
16.02 cm
Traffic volume is equal to
traffic density x traffic speed
traffic density / traffic speed
traffic speed / traffic density
None of these
Spacing between contraction joints for 3.5 meter slab width having thickness of
20 cm and f=1.5 for reinforcement cement concrete, 1.0 cm diameter bars at
0.30 m spacing will be
6.51 m
7.12 m
8.72 m
9.35 m
The function of an expansion joint in rigid pavements is to
relieve warping stresses
relieve shrinkage stresses
resist stresses due to expansion
allow free expansion
The walls which are necessary on the hill side of roadway where earth has to be
retained from slipping is called
retaining wall
breast wall
paraper wall
none of these
Which of the following represents a carpet of sandbitumen mix without coarse
aggregates?
Mastic asphalt
Sheet asphalt
Bituminous carpet
Bituminous concrete
For detecting whether a bitumen is cracked (over heated) or not, the test
performed is
Spot test
Float test
Ductility test
all of these
In which of the following types of bituminous constructions is proportionating of
materials determined from laboratory tests?
Grouted macadam
Premix carpet
Bituminous or asphaltic concrete
Bituminous macadam
With referance to the Marshall mix design criteria for highways, which of the
following pairs is NOT correctly matched
Stability value ......... 340 min
Flow value ............ 816
VFB ..................75 85
% Air voids ....... 3 5
Recommended grade of tar for grouting purpose is
RT 1
RT 2
RT 3
RT 5
The best binder material to be used with stone aggregates for patch repair work
to patch pot holes on wet pavements during the rainy season when traffic is also
heavy, is
Clay soil
rapid curing cutback bitumen
hot bitumen
bituminous emulsion
If in a Dorry abrasion test, loss in weight is 21 gms, then coefficient of hardness
is
9.5
13
17
21
With increase in speed of the traffic stream, the maximum capacity of the lane
increases
decreases
first increases and then decreases after reaching a maximum value at
optimum speed
first decrease and then increases after reaching a minimum value at
optimum speed
Bankelman beam deflection method is used for design of
rigid overlay on rigid pavement
flexible overlay on flexible pavement
flexible overlay on rigid pavement
rigid overlay on flexible pavement
Tie Bar in cement concrete pavements are at
expansion joints
contraction joints
warping joints
longitudinal joints
Which one of the following is associated with "Limiting Gradient"on highways?
Requirement of maximum tractive effort for a short distance
Requirement of minimum tractive effort on the whole gradient
Efficient drainage conditions
Alignment design in general
In the group index method of flexible pavement design, which one of the
following factors decides the thickness of base and surface course?
Percentage of subgrade soil passing 75 micron sieve
Type of surface and base course materials
Daily volume of commercial vehicles
Percentage of liquid limit of subgrade soil
In a bituminous pavement, alligator cracking is mainly due to
inadequate wearing course
inadequate thickness of subbase course of pavement
use of excessive bituminuous material
fatigue arising from repeated stress applications
The main function of prime coat is to
provide bond between old and new surfacing
improve riding quality of pavement
provide bond between the existing base and surfacing of new
construction
control dust nuisance
In the design of highways, expansion and contraction joints should respectively
he provided at
50 m and 32 m
50 m and 10 m
25 m and 10 m
25 m and 32 m
Reflection cracking is observed in
flexible pavement
rigid pavement
bituminous overlay over cement concrete surface
ridig overlay over flexible pavement
Which one of the following items of hill road construction does not help in the
prevention of landslides in the monsoon season?
Retaining walls
Catch water drains
Breast walls
Hairpin bends
In the Los Angles Abrasion Test on aggregate, if the speed of the drum is
increased to 50 rpm, then the abrasion value will
Increase
Decrease
Remain unchanged
be unpredictable
If stopping distance and average length of a vechile are 18 m and 6 m
respectively, then theoretical maximum capacity of a traffic lane at a speed of
10m/sec is
1500 vehicle per hour
Which one of the following causes ravelling in bituminous pavement?
Use of soft bitumen
Excessive bitumen content
Low bitumen content
Use of open graded aggregates
Ration of the width of the car parking area required ar kerb for 30 degree
parking relative to 60 degree parking is approximately
0.5
0.7
0.8
2.0
In which one of the following grades of a highway is an emergency escape ramp
provided?
1 to 20
Zero grade
Down grade
Up grade
The plasticity Index of the fraction passing 425 mivron I.S.sieve in case of sub
base/base course would be
Less than 6
Greater than 6
Greater than 9
Between 15 and 30
The amount of mechanical energy imposed on the aggregate during the
aggregate impact test is of the order of
5320kgcm
6750 kgcm
7980 kgcm
11400 kgcm
Which one of the following binders is recommended for a wet and cold climate?
80/100 penetration asphalt
Tar
Cutback
Emulsion
For carryiung out bituminous patch work during the rainy season, k the most
suitable binder is
road tar
hot bitumen
cutback bitumen
bituminous emulsion
The corrected characteristic rebound deflection on a pavement, using Benkelman
beam study is 2 mm. The equivalent granular overlay thickness required for an
allowable deflection of 1mm as per original IRC guidelines is
33 mm
66 mm
133 mm
166 mm
Rapid curing cutback bitumen is produced by blending bitumen with
Kerosene
benzene
diesel
petrol
When two roads with twolane, twoway traffic cross at an uncontrolled inter
section, the total number of potential major conflict points would be
32
24
16
4
When speed of traffic flow becomes zero, then traffic density
attains maximum value whereas traffic volume becomes zero
and traffic volume both attain maximum value
and traffic volume both becomes zero
becomes zero whereas traffic volume attains maximum value
Effect of impact on the design of rigid pavement is accounted for by
increasing thickness as would be calculated with static wheel load
prevailing a base course
adopting a reduced flexural strength of concrete through a factor of
safety
adopting an increased stress relative to that produced by static wheel
road
Best suitable shape of the camber for cement concrete pavements is
Straight line
parabolic
elliptical
combination of straight line and parabolic
Pick the odd one in the following organizations
Central Road Research Institute
Central Road Fund
Indian Road Congress
Highway Research Board
A road improvement has a capital cost of Rs. 10,000. Estimates indicate a
constant beneficial cash flow of Rs. 600 per year for the next 30 years. The
annual rate of return by the investment over that period will be
4.3 %
5.3 %
6.3 %
3.3 %
The study of the transportation system that meets the travel need of several
people by sharing a vehicle is
Mass transportation
Intelligent transport system
Passenger transport
None of the above
Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) for a descending gradient of 2% for V = 80 kmph
is
112 m
122 m
132 m
142 m
The design speed recommended by IRC for National highways passing through
rolling terrain is in the range of
10080
8065
120100
5040
Select the correct statement
Nagpur road plan formula take into account the towns with very large
population
Nagpur road plan has a target road length of 32 km per 100 square km
Second 20year plan has provided 1600 km of expressways out of the
proposed National highway
Second 20year plan allowed deduction of length of railway track in the
area while calculating the length of roads
The compensated gradient provided at the curve of radius 60 m with a ruling
gradient of 6 percent is
5.25%
4.75%
4.5%
3.75%
Consider the following pairs with reference to highway geometric design. 1.
Camber for CC pavement (1 in 33) to (1 in 40) 2. Roadway formation width for
two lane national highway in plain terrain 12 m 3. Height of the object while
calculating stopping sight distance 0.15 m 4. Reaction time of driver in the
calculation of overtaking sight distance is 2.5 sec Which of these pairs are
correct?
2 and 3
1 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 4
If average centre to centre spacing of vehicle is 20 metre, then basic capacity of
a traffic lane at a speed of 50 kmph is
2500 vehicles per day
2000 vehicles per day
2500 vehicles per hour
1000 vehicles per hour
Length of transition curve for design speed 65 kmph and radius of curve 325 m
using IRC formula is
44.1m
54.1m
34.1m
74.1m
What is the minimum length of overtaking zone for a design speed of 96 kmph
assuming acceleration as 0.69 m/s2 and reaction time as 2 sec and traffic road
as one way
342m
684m
1026m
1710m
For the design of super elevation for mixed traffic conditions, the speed is
reduced by
15 %
20 %
25 %
75 %
Which one of the following statement is correct? (Notations have their usual
meaning)
To avoid both skidding and overturning P/W < b/2h < f
Allowable maximum super elevation in plain region 0.15
Allowable coefficient of lateral friction 0.07
Attainment of superelevation (nl2/2R)
When the path travelled along the road surface is more than the circumferential
movement of the wheels due to rotation, then it results in
slipping
skidding
turning
revolving
Nagpur road plan formulae were prepared by assuming
rectangular or block road pattern
radial or star and block road pattern
radial or star and circular road pattern
radial or star and grid road pattern
For design speed of 80 kmph, if the deviation angle of a valley curve is 1/20,
then the length of a curve for comfort consideration is nearly
30 m
61 m
101 m
122 m
Match the list 1 (type of curve) with list 2 (design factor) and select the correct
answer: List 1 A) Summit curve B) Sag curve C) Horizontal curve D) Transition
curve List 2 1) Rate of super elevation 2) Set back distance 3) Headlight sight
distance 4) Right of way 5) Passing sight distance
A B C D 4 1 3 2
A B C D 5 3 2 1
A B C D 4 3 2 1
A B C D 5 1 3 2
The absolute minimum radius for a horizontal curve designed for a speed of 100
kmph given the permissible values of super elevation 0.08 and coefficient of
friction 0.12 will be
252 m
295 m
394 m
364 m
Compared to a level surface, on a descending gradient the stopping sight
distance is
less
more
same
dependent on the speed
On right angle road intersection with two way traffic, the total number of conflict
points is
6
11
18
24
If the width of carriage way is 5.5 m , then what is it called
Single lane
two lanes
intermediate lane
multi lane
Which of the following is not a negative impact of transportation?
Safety
Aesthetics
Mobility
Pollution
What is the standard percentile value used for geometric elements design?
85th percentile
15th percentile
95th percentile
98th percentile
For water bound macadam roads in localities of heavy rainfall, the recommended
value of camber is
1 in 30
1 in 36
1 in 48
1 in 60
When the path travelled along the road surface is more than the circumferential
movement of the wheels due to rotation, then it results in
slipping
skidding
turning
revolving
Stopping sight distance is always
less than overtaking sight distance
equal to overtaking sight distance
more than overtaking sight distance
none of the above
If the stopping distance is 60 meters, then the minimum stopping sight distance
for two lane, two way traffic is
30m
60m
120m
180m
The effect of grade on safe overtaking sight distance is
to increase it on descending grades and to decrease it on ascending
grades
to decrease it on descending grades and to increase it on ascending
grades
to increase it on both descending and ascending grades
to decrease it on both descending and ascending grades
The terrain may be classified as rolling terrain if the cross slope of land is
upto 10%
between 10% and 25%
between 25% and 60%
more than 60%
If b is the wheel track of a vehicle and h is the height of centre of gravity above
road surface, then to avoid overturning and lateral skidding on a horizontal
curve, the centrifugal ratio should always be
less than b/2h and greater than coefficient of lateral friction
less than b/2h and also less than coefficient of lateral friction
greater than b/2h and less than coefficient of lateral friction
greater than b/2h and also greater than coefficient of lateral friction
30th highest hour volume is
average of the 30 peak hour volumes in a month
hourly volume which is exceeded by only 30 hours in a year
hourly volume which is exceeded by only 29 hours in a year
average of the 30 highest hourly volumes in a year
On a horizontal curve if the pavement is kept horizontal across the alignment,
then the pressure on the outer wheels will be
more than the pressure on inner wheels
less than the pressure on inner wheels
equal to the pressure on inner wheels
zero
For a constant value of coefficient of lateral friction, the value of required super
elevation increases with
increase in both speed and radius of curve
decrease in both speed and radius of curve
increase in speed and with decrease in radius of curve
decrease in speed and with increase in radius of curve
The attainment of super elevation by rotation of pavement about the inner edge
of the pavement
is preferable in steep terrain
results in balancing the earthwork
avoids the drainage problem in flat terrain
does not change the vertical alignment of road
Select the correct statement.
Psychological extra widening depends on the number of traffic lanes.
Mechanical extra widening depends on the speed of vehicle
Psychological extra widening depends on the length of wheel base
Psychological extra widening depends on the speed of vehicle
In case of hill roads, the extra widening is generally provided
equally on inner and outer sides of the curve
fully on the inner side of the curve
fully on the outer side of the curve
onefourth on inner side and threefourth on outer side of the curve
Which of the following shapes is preferred in a valley curve ?
simple parabola
cubic parabola
spiral
lemniscate
In case of summit curves, the deviation angle will be maximum when
an ascending gradient meets with another ascending gradient
an ascending gradient meets with a descending gradient
a descending gradient meets with another descending gradient
an ascending gradient meets with a level surface
If an ascending gradient of 1 in 50 meets a descending gradient of 1 in 50, the
length of summit curve for a stopping sight distance of 80 m will be
zero
64m
80m
60m
What is the price elasticity for an individual firm in a perfect market
1
0
infinite
inelastic
What does a firm reach equilibrium point
Revenue is equal to cost
When there is abnormal profit
marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost
Normal profit
Hydraulic structures and Machinery (1)
The following parameters relate to the design of weirs of permeable foundations
Scour depth
Exit gradient
Uplift pressure
Unbalanced head
The Spacing of tile drains to relieve water logged land is directly propotional to
the
Depth of drain below the ground surface
Depth of impervious strata below the drain
Depth of drain below the water level
Coefficient of permeability of the soil to be drained
The trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of
inflow in the reservoir
ratio of inflow to storage capacity
ratio of reservoir capacity to inflow
reservoir capacity
To generate 10,000 HP under a head of 81 m while working at a speed of 500
rpm the turbine of choice would be
Pelton
Kaplan
Bulb
Francis
The maximum permissible suction lift for centrifugal pump in practice (at sea
level and at 30 C
12 m
10 m
6 m
3 m
The best design of an arch dam is when
All the horizontal water loads are transferred horizonatally to the
abutments
The dam is safe against sliding at various levels
The load is divided between the arches and cantilevers and the deflection
at the conjugal points being equal
Deflections of the cantilevers are equal at different points
Which one of the following sets is used to control the seepage through the
foundatons of an earth dam
Chimney drain, upstream blanket and cut off trench
Cut off sheet piles, upstream blanket and cut off trench
Upstream blanket cut off sheet piles and chimney drains
Relief wells upstream blanket and chimney drain
A constant angle arch dam when compared to a constant radius arch dam utilizes
concrete of about
33%
43%
73%
143%
At certain point in the floor of weir the uplift pressure head due to seepage in 4.5
m. If the relative density of concrete is 2.5, the minimum thickness of floor
requires at this point to counteract the uplift pressure is
1 m
2 m
3 m
4 m
A canal fall is a control structure
located at a place where the country slope is flatter than the canal bed
slope
located most economically where the depthof cutting is less than the
balancing depth
the location of which is independent of the command to be served
designed to secure raising of water surface on its upstream
Drowning ratio of cana outlet is the ratio of
rate of change of discharge of outlet to that of distributary
water depth above the outlet crest to the full supply depth of the channel
water depth above the crest on downstream to that on upstream of outlet
rate of change of discharge of an outlet to the rate of change of water
level of the channel
A pumped storage plant is a
High head plant
Run off river plant
Peak load plant
pase load plant
The worst condition of uplift on the floor of a siphon aqueduct occurs when there
is
High flood flow in the drainage with canal dry
Full supply flow in the canal with drainage dry
High flood flow in the drainage with canal running full
water is at drainage bed and canal is dry
A check dam is
flood control structure
soil conservation structure
river training structure
water storage structure
Which one of the following phenoemenon in a pipe flow is termed as water
hammer
The sudden rise of pressure in a long pipe due to sudden closure of valve
the rise of pressure in a pipe flow due to gradual closure of valve
the rise of negative pressure
The zero pressure in a pipe flow
The function of a cutoff in an earthen dam is 1) Reduce uplift pressures on the
dam 2) Prevent undermining of foundation 3) Reduce loss of stored water 4)
Support the dam
1 and 3
2 and 4
2 and 3
3 and 4
The ideal condition for energy dissipation in the design of spillways is the one
when the tail water rating curve
Lies above jump curves at all discharges
Coincides with the jump rating curves at all discharges
Lies below jump rating curves at all discharges
Lies either above or below the jump rating curves at depending upon
discharges
For a saddle siphon, the maximum opeartive head is 6.25 m. The width and
height of the throat of the siphon are 4 m and 2 m repectively. The coefficient of
discharge is 0.90. How many units are required to pass a flood of 300 cume
one
two
three
four
Which of the following are the purposes of a groyne as a river training structure
1) It contracts a river channel to improve its depth 2) It protects the river bank
3) It does not allow silt to deposit in the vicinity 4) It trains the flow along a
certain course
1 and 2
1,2 and 3
1 and 3
2,3 and 4
Denehy's groyne is a special type of groyne which is
Promoting upstream
Pointing downstream
Hockey type
Theaded
In the selection of turbine by specific speed or head which one of the following
statement is not true
For specific speed 1035 kaplan turbine
For specific speed 60300, Francis turbines
For head 50150 m Francis turbine
For head above 300 m , Pelton turbine
Which type of fall can be generally used for a moderate discharge of 4060
cumecs and low fall heights of 1 to 1.5 m
Vertical drop fall
Ogee fall
Glacis fall
Baffle fall
The construction of impounding reservoir is required when
The average annual flow in the stream is lower than average demand
The rate of flow in the stream in dry season is more than demand
The rate of flow in the stream in dry season is less than demand
The rate of flow in the stream in dry season is equal to demand
What type of cross drainage work is provided when the canal runs below the
drain, with FSL of canal well below the bed of the drain
Aqueduct
Super passage
Level crossing
Siphon aqueduct
Which one of the following is the purpose of providing the downstream sheet pile
in a barrage
To control failure due to piping by high value of exit gradient
To control failure due to scour
To stop failure due to sliding
To stop failure due to uplift pressure
An aqueduct is a cross drainage work in which
A canal is carried over the drainage channel
A drainage channel is carried over the canal
Both drainage channel and canal are at the same level
None of the above
Gyrones are adopted for river bank protection works. When it is placed inclined
downstream in the direction of flow in the river, it is designated as which one of
the following
Repelling groyne
Attracting groyne
Neither repelling gryone nor attracting gyroyne
Fixed gryone
Semimodule outlets are those outlets in which
Discharge gets affected by the change in water level of field channel
Discharge gets affected by the change in water level of the distributing
Discharge is independent of water levels in the distributing channel and
the field channel
None of these
Regulate the supplies of the off taking channel is called
Head Regulator
Cross regulator
Canal regulator
Diversion regulator
Parent channel is regulated by
Head Regulator
Cross regulator
Canal regulator
Diversion regulator
The pressure rise due to water hammer depends upon
type of the valve
Velocity of flow of water
time taken to close the valve
both B &C
The wave of high pressure will be transmitted along the pipe with a velocity
equal to the velocity of sound wave and may create noise is known as
water hammer
knocking
tremor
None of the above
Canal which draws their supplies from river whenever high stage of river is .
Permanent canal
Productive canal
Ridge canal
Inundation canal
Functions of canal drop is
control of flow depth
control of bed grade
Control of full supply level
Control of discharge
Canal is aligned along a watershed and runs for most of its length on a
watershed is
Ridge canal
Contour canal
Side slope canal
Permanent canal
Canal aligned roughly at right angles to the contours of the country and is
neither on the water shed nor in the valley is
Ridge canal
Contour canal
Side slope canal
None of the above
Example of an over flow dam
Sluice .
Gravity dam
Spill way
Debris dam
Example of diversion dam
Gravity dam
Dike
Spillway
Weir
Example of Detention dam
Sluice
Gravity dam i
Spill way
Debris dam .
Which of the following is not components of diversion head work
Weir
Sluice gate
Scouring sluice
Marginal bund
When most of the ponding of water is done by gates and small or nil part is done
by crest level it is called as
Weir
Sluice gate
Scouring sluice
Barrage
When most of the ponding of water is done by crest and small or nil part is done
by gate it is called as
Barrage
Sluice gate
Scouring sluice
Weir
Classify dam based on its hydraulic design
storage dam & diversion dam
Overflow dam & Non overflow dam
Rigid dam & Non rigid dam
None of the above
Sides of the valley on which the structure of the dam rest
Peirs
wall
Abutments
None of the above
Function of canal escape
Control of flow depth
Control of bed grade
Silt excluder is provided
In the canal on the downstream side of the head regulator
In the canal on the downstream side of the barrage
In the river far away from the weir on the downstreaam side
In the river adjacent to the head regulator
Khosla's theory of independent variables is applicable to structure founded on
rock
clay
sands
concrete
A coffer dam is
Kind of gravity dam
An earthen dam of small height built to protect important areas
A temporary structure constructed to exclude water from the work area
under construction
An embankment built along a river to regulate the river
A land is water logged when
the pH of soil reaches a value of 8.5
the soil in the root zone has high salinity
the soil pores in the root zone are saturated with water
there is water flowing on the surface of the land
The main function of diversion headworks provided at the offtake of canal from
a river is
to raise the water level in the river
to control floods
to store water
to control silt entry into the canal
For a barrage the exit gradient is independent of
the applied head of water
the horizontal length of floor
the depth of upstream cut off
the depth of downstream cut off
Water logging is eliminated by
Deep ploughing
Shallow ploughing
Irrigation
Providing tile drains
The structure constructed to allow drainage water to flow under pressure
Syphon
Superpassage
Syphon aqueduct
Super aqueduct
The meandering of river is due to
Sediment load of streams
Discharge and hydrulic properties of stream
erodibility of the bed and banks of streams
All of the above
Guide banks are provided to
decrease depth of flow in river
confine the width of river
reduce the flood peak
maintain minimum depth in river
Function of canal cross regulator
The net head H on the turbine is given by
H= gross head +head lost due to friction
H= gross headhead lost due to friction
H = Gross head+ Kinetic head head loss due to friction
H = Gross head+ Kinetic head + head loss due to friction
A turbine is called reaction turbine if at the inlet of the turbine the total energy is
Kinetic energy only
Pressure energy only
Pressure energy and Kinetic energy
None of the above
Governing of a turbine means
the head is kept constant under all conditions of working
the speed is kept constant under all conditions of working
the discharge kept constant under all conditions of working
the power is kept constant under all conditions of working
Air vessel in a reciprocating is used
to obtain continuous supply of water at uniform rate
to reduce suction head
to increase the delivery head
to increase the suction and delivery head
The work saved by fitting an air vessel to a single acting reciprocating pump is
39.2%
84.4%
48.8%
92.3%
Jet ratio (m) is defined as the ratio of
diameter of jet of water to diameter of pelton wheel
velocity of vane to the velocity of jet of water
velocity of flow to the velocity of jet of water
diameter of pelton wheel to diameter of the jet of water
Indicator diagram shows for one complete revolution of crank the
variation of kinetic head in the cylinder
variation of pressure head in the cylinder
variation of kinetic head and pressure heads in the cylinder
variation of total head in the cylinder
Which of the following turbines has purely axial flow
Francis turbine
Kaplan turbine
Pelton turbine
Fourneyon turbine
The discharge through a single acting reciprocating pump is
Q = ALN/60
Q= 2ALN/60
Q= ALN
Q=2ALN
Cavitation will take place if the pressure of flowing fluid at any point is
more than vapour pressure of the fluid
is equal to vapour pressure of the fluid
less than vapour pressure of the fluid
None of the above
Function of canal outlet
A turbine is called impulse turbine if at inlet of the turbine
total energy is only kinetic energy
total energy is pressure energy only
total energy is pressure and kinetic energy
None of the above
Maximum efficiency of a series of vertical plates is
66.67%
33.33%
50%
80%
Main characteristics curves of a turbines means
curves at constant speed
curves at constant discharge
curves at constant head
curves at constant efficiency
Mechanical efficiency of a turbine is the ratio of
Power at the inlet to the power at the shaft of the turbine
Power at the shaft to the power at the inlet of the turbine
Power at the shaft to the power at the runner of the turbine
Power at the inlet to the power at the runner of the turbine
The overall efficency of a turbine is the ration of
Power at the inlet to the power at the shaft
Power at the shaft to the power given to the runner
Power at the shaft to the power at the inlet of the turbine
Power at the inlet to the power at the runner of the turbine
The Speed ratio for Pelton wheel varies from
0.45 to 0.50
0.6 to 0.7
0.3 to 0.4
0.8 to 0.9
Francis turbine is
An impulse turbine
An radial flow impulse turbine
An axial flow turbine
An radial flow reaction turbine
The work saved by fitting air vessel to a double acting reciprocating pump is
39.2%
84.8%
48.8%
92.3%
For low head and high discharge the suitable turbine is
Pelton turbine
Francis turbine
Kaplan turbine
Fouerneyon turbine
For high head and low discharge the suitable turbine is
Pelton turbine
Francis turbine
Kaplan turbine
Fouerneyon turbine
While considering weir designs on permeable soils the correction factor for
mutual interfernce of sheet piles is NOT applicable on an intermediate pile if the
outer pile
Goes deeper than the intermediate pile and is farther from the
intermediate piles by more than twice its own length
Goes only just as deep as the intermediate and is within a distance of one
and half times its own length
Does not go as deep as the intermediate pile, no matter what the
horizontal distance between them is
Is safe against deleterious exit gradient
Operating characteristics curve of a turbine means
Curves drawn at constant speed
Curves drawn at constant head
Curves drawn at constant discharge
Curves drawn at constant efficiency
Mechanical efficiency of centrifugal pump is given by
Power at the impeller/S.H.P
S.H.P/power at the impeller
Power possessed by water/ power at the impeller
Power possessed by water/ S.H.P
Muschel curves represent
Curves drawn at constant speed
Curves drawn at constant head
Curves drawn at constant dicharge
Curves drawn at constant efficiency
Specific speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of the turbine which
Produces unit power at unit head
Produces unit horse power at unit discharge
delivers unit discharge at unit head
delivers unit discharge at unit power
Specific speed of a pump is defined as the speed of the turbine which
Produces unit power at unit head
Produces unit horse power at unit discharge
delivers unit discharge at unit head
delivers unit discharge at unit power
If the specific speed of a turbine is more than 300, the type of turbine is
Pelton
Kaplan
Francis
Fouernyon
Runaway speed of a Pelton wheel means
full load speed
no load speed
no load speed with no governing mechanisms
Full load speed with no governing mechanisms
Kaplan turbine is a propeller turbine in which the vanes are fixed on the hub are
nonadjustable
Adjustable
Fixed
Removable
During suction stroke of a reciprocating pump the seperation may takes place
at the end of suction stroke
in the middle of suction stroke
at the beginning of the suction stroke
None of the above
During delivery stroke of a reciprocating pump the seperation may takes place
at the end of delivery stroke
in the middle of delivery stroke
at the beginning of the delivery stroke
None of the above
The correct sequence in the direction of flow of water for installation in a
hydropower plant is
Reservoir, surge tank, penstock, turbine
Reservoir, surge tank, turbine,penstock
Reservoir,penstock, surge tank, turbine
Reservoir,penstock, turbine, surge tank
If the head on the turbine is more than 300 m the type of turbine used should be
Kaplan turbine
Francis turbine
Pelton turbine
Propeller turbine
To produce a high head by multistage centrifugal pumps the impellers are
connected
in parallel
in series
in parallel and series both
None of the above
To discharge a large qunatity of liquid by multistage centrifugal pumps the
impellers are connected
in parallel
in series
in parallel and series both
None of the above
For maximum effieciency of a pelton wheel blade velocity is
2 x jet velocity
0.5 x Jet velocity
equal to jet velocity
5 x Jet velocity
Ratio of blade velocity to jet velocity is called
velocity ratio
flow ratio
speed ratio
jet ratio
Ratio of axial velocity to jet velocity is called
velocity ratio
flow ratio
speed ratio
jet ratio
In general vanes of a centrifugal pump are
curved forward
curved backward
radial
twisted
The flow in a volute casing outside the impeller of a centrifugal pump is
radial
axial
free vortex
forced vortex
Cavitation in centrifugal pump can be reduced by
reducing the discharge
reducing suction head
increasing dicharge
increasing flow velocity
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