Percents, Fractions and Decimals

1. Determining the Percent of a Number

Example 1: 87% of 30 =?

To determine the percent of a number do the following steps:

 Multiply the number by the percent (e.g. 87 × 68 = 5916)

 Divide the answer by 100 (Move decimal point two places to the left) (e.g. 5916÷100 =
59.16)
 Round to the desired precision (e.g. 59.16 rounded to the nearest whole number = 59)

Example 1: Example 2:

70% of 30 =? 70% 𝑜𝑓 50 = ?

70×30 = 2100÷100 = 21 (21.00) 70 × 50 = 3500 ÷ 100 = 35.00

𝐴𝑛𝑠: 21 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 35

Example 3:

80% 𝑜𝑓 40 = ?

80 × 40 = 3200 ÷ 100 = 32.00

𝐴𝑛𝑠: 32

Exercise:

1) 35% of 19 =? 6) 43% of 81 =?
2) 67% of 7 =? 7) 95% of 31 =?
3) 34% of 97 =? 8) 4% of 74 =?
4) 57% of 40 =? 9) 88% of 32 =?
5) 79% of 71 =? 10) 9% of 68 =?
 2. Finding Percents

Example: 68 are what percent of 87?

 Divide the first number by the second (e.g. 68 ÷ 87 = 0.7816)

 Multiply the answer by 100 (Move decimal point two places to the right) (e.g.
0.7816×100 = 78.16)
 Round to the desired precision (e.g. 78.16 rounded to the nearest whole number = 78)
 Follow the answer with the % sign (e.g. 68 is 78% of 87)

Example 1: Example 2:
16 are what percent of 88? 15 are what percent of 45?
16 ÷ 88 = 0.181818 15 ÷ 45 = 0.3333
0.181818 × 100 = 18.181 0.3333 × 100 = 33.33
18.18 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 33.33 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
= 18 = 33
16 𝑎𝑟𝑒 18% 𝑜𝑓 88 15 𝑎𝑟𝑒 33% 𝑜𝑓 45

Example 3:
20 are what percent of 90?
20 ÷ 90 = 0.2222
0.2222 × 100 = 22.22
22.22 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
= 22
20 𝑎𝑟𝑒 22% 𝑜𝑓 90

Exercise:

1. 13 are what percent of 37? 6. 9 are what percent of 61?

2. 10 are what percent of 81? 7. 31 are what percent of 100?
3. 53 are what percent of 90? 8. 84 are what percent of 88?
4. 5 are what percent of 13? 9. 91 are what percent of 99?
5. 76 are what percent of 86? 10. 6 are what percent of 50?

3. Relationship between Fractions and Percent

Do the following steps to convert a fraction to a percent:

Example 1: Convert 4/5 to a percent.

  Divide the numerator of the fraction by the denominator (e.g. 4 ÷ 5=0.80)
 Multiply by 100 (Move the decimal point two places to the right) (e.g. 0.80×100 = 80)
 Round the answer to the desired precision.
 Follow the answer with the % sign (e.g. 80%)

Example 1: Example 2:
Convert 59/86 to a percent? Convert 25/80 to a percent?

59 ÷ 86 = 0.6860 25 ÷ 80 = 0.3125
0.6860 × 100 = 68.60 0.3125 × 100 = 31.25
68.60 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑠: 31.25%
= 69%

Example 3:
Convert 30/70 to a percent?

30 ÷ 70 = 0.4285
0.4285 × 100 = 42.85
42.85 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
= 43%

Exercise:

1. Convert 23/70 to a percent. 6. Convert 87/89 to a percent

2. Convert 10/49 to a percent 7. Convert 9/36 to a percent
3. Convert 17/95 to a percent 8. Convert 38/88 to a percent
4. Convert 69/90 to a percent 9. Convert 29/69 to a percent
5. Convert 4/63 to a percent 10. Convert 19/51 to a percent

3. Relationship between Percents and Fractions

Do the following steps to convert a percent to a fraction:

Example: Convert 83% to a fraction.

 Remove the Percent sign

 Make a fraction with the percent as the numerator and 100 as the denominator (e.g.
83/100)
 Reduce the fraction if needed
 Example 1: Example 2:
Convert 40% to a fraction Convert 35% to a fraction
40 35
40 ÷ 100 = 35 ÷ 100 =
100 100

Example 3: Example 4:
Convert 19% to a fraction Convert 182% to a fraction
19 182 82
19 ÷ 100 = 182 ÷ 100 = =1
100 100 100

Example 5: Example 6:
Convert 225% to a fraction Convert 330% to a fraction
225 25 330 30
225 ÷ 100 = =2 330 ÷ 100 = =3
100 100 100 100

Exercise:

1. 77% =? 6. 23% =?
2. 25% =? 7. 7% =?
3. 98% =? 8. 1% =?
4. 5% =? 9. 216% =?
5. 12% =? 10. 852% =?

4. Relationship between Decimals and Percents

Example: Convert 0.83 to a percent.

 Multiply the decimal by 100 (e.g. 0.83 × 100 = 83)

 Add a percent sign after the answer (e.g. 83%)

Example 1: Example 2:

Convert 0.52 to a percent Convert 0.745 to a percent

0.52 × 100 = 52, 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 52% 0.745 × 100 = 74.5, 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 74.5%

Example 3: Example 4:

Convert 0.05 to a percent Convert 0.001 to a percent

0.05 × 100 = 5, 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 5% 0.001 × 100 = 0.1, 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 0.1%
Exercise:

1. 0.10 =? 6. 0.80 =?
2. 0.64 =? 7. 0.36 =?
3. 0.9 =? 8. 0.84 =?
4. 0.98 =? 9. 0.100 =?
5. 0.14 =? 10. 0.102 =?

5. Relationship between Percents and Decimals

Example: Convert 83% to a decimal.

 Divide the percent by 100 (e.g. 83 ÷ 100 = 0.83)

Example: Convert 56% to a decimal

 Divide the percent by 100 ( 56/ 100 = 0.56 )

Exercise:

1. Convert 76% to a decimal 6. Convert 78% to a decimal

2. Convert 23% to a decimal 7. Convert 16% to a decimal
3. Convert 12% to a decimal 8. Convert 88% to a decimal
4. Convert 61% to a decimal 9. Convert 34% to a decimal
5. Convert 5% to a decimal 10. Convert 2% to a decimal

6. Ratios

Ratios tell how one number is related to another number. A ratio may be written as A: B or A/B
or by the phrase "A to B". A ratio of 1:5 says that the second number is five times as large as the
first.

The following steps will allow determination of a number when one number and the ratio
between the numbers is given.

Example: Determine the value of B if A=6 and the ratio of A:B = 2:5

 Determine how many times the number A is divisible by the corresponding portion of the
ratio. (6/2=3)
 Multiply this number by the portion of the ratio representing B (3×5=15)
 Therefore if the ratio of A:B is 2:5 and A=6 then B=15
 Example 1: Example 2:
If A: B = 8:5 What is A if B is 15? If A: B = 7:8 What is A if B is 16?
15 ÷ 5 = 3 16 ÷ 8 = 2
3 × 8 = 24, 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 15, 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 24 2 × 7 = 14, 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 16, 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 14

Example 3: Example 4:
If A: B = 3:7 What is A if B is 14? If A: B = 11:13 What is A if B is 39?
14 ÷ 7 = 2 39 ÷ 13 = 3
2 × 3 = 6, 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 7, 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 6 3 × 11 = 33, 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 39 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 33

Example 5: Example 6:
If A: B = 8:5 What is A if B is 40? If A: B = 9:12 What is A if B is 48?
40 ÷ 5 = 8 48 ÷ 12 = 4
8 × 8 = 24, 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 40, 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 64 4 × 9 = 24, 𝐼𝑓 𝐵 = 24, 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 36

Exercise:

1. If A:B = 4:11 What is A if B is 33? 6. If A:B = 5:1 What is B if A is 35?

2. If A:B = 2:17 What is A if B is 136? 7. If A:B = 7:7 What is A if B is 21?
3. If A:B = 1:11 What is A if B is 55? 8. If A:B = 2:5 What is B if A is 6?
4. If A:B = 1:17 What is A if B is 119? 9. If A:B = 8:2 What is A if B is 12?
5. If A:B = 7:3 What is A if B is 15? 10. If A:B = 8:1 What is A if B is 7?

Exercise Problem For Practice:

Chapter 1.1:
Problem No: 1-8, 27-32, 41-50, 53 & 54 of Page 9-11

Reference:
College Algebra by Raymond A. Barnett, 5th Edition