Rocket City Math League 2008-2009

Junior Division Solutions Inter-School Test

1 1
1. The probability that he will get tails on a given flip of the coin is . The probability of the next one being tails
2 2
is not dependent on what happened in the past, because each coin flip is an independent event.
4 3 2
2. 11 + 2(11 ) + 3(11 ) + 2(11) + 1 = 14641 + 2(1331) + 3(121) + 2(11) + 1 = 17,789 An easy way to
remember the first few powers of 11 is to remember that they are the same as the first few rows of Pascal’s triangle 17,689
5
(until you get to 11 ).
3. The first ten prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and 29.
129
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 = 129
4. We will say that A= 1 Babble, I= 1 Bibble, O=1 Bobble, U=1 Bubble, and E=1 Bebble. Using this, we can write
the equations:
4 I = 3U
2U = 3E
9 E = 18 A
180 A = ( x) I
The product of the left sides of these equations is equal to the product of the right sides, or 80
(4 I )(2U )(9 E )(180 A) = (3U )(3E )(18 A)( xI ) .
All of the variables except for x can be divided out of both sides to leave
(4)(2)(9)(180) = (3)(3)(18)( x)
(4)(2)(9)(180)
x=
(3)(3)(18)
x = 80
(100 + 5)(n)
5. 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + ... + 95 + 100 = , where n is the number of terms in the sequence. Since
2
with each successive term the term increases by 5 each time and the term increases by 95 total (from 5 to 100), 1050
95 (100 + 5)(20)
there are , or 19, terms other than 5, which makes a total of 20 terms. = 1050
5 2
6. G+H =5
H+S =6
S+M =7
M+A =8
23
A+T =9
+ T+G=11
2(G+H+S+M+A+T)=46
G+H+S+M+A+T=23
2
7. Since 17 = 289 and 18 2 = 324 , 323 must be between 17 and 18.
(17.9) 2 = 320.41 , which is less than 323, so 323 must be greater than 17.9. 18.0
2
(17.95) = 322.2025 , which is still less than 323, so 323 must be greater than 17.95, which means that (18 will not
be accepted)
323 rounded to the nearest tenth is 18.0
 2
8. Since there are two R’s in the deck, the probability that the first card he draws is an R is . The probability
52
2
that the second card is a C, given that the first card is an R, is . The probability that the third card is an M, given
51 2
2 812175
that the first two are an R and a C, is . The probability that the last card is an L, given that the first three are R,
50
2 2 2 2 2 2
C, and M, is . So, the probability that all four of these happen is ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ , or
49 52 51 50 49 812175
9. 12 + 112 + 1112 + ... + 11111111112 in base ten is equal to
(2 0 ) + (2 0 + 21 ) + (2 0 + 21 + 2 2 ) + ... + (2 0 + 21 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + 2 5 + 2 6 + 2 7 + 2 8 + 2 9 )
Using the fact that2 0 + 21 + ... + 2 n = 2 n +1 − 1 , we can rewrite this as
2036
(21 − 1) + (2 2 − 1) + (2 3 − 1) + ... + (210 − 1) = (21 + 2 2 + 2 3 + ... + 210 ) − 10 =
(2 0 + 21 + 2 2 + ... + 210 ) − 11 = (211 − 1) − 11 = 2048 − 12 = 2036

10. Since the probability of rolling a sum of 13 with two six-sided dice is 0, T=0, so the product
D ⋅ E ⋅ R ⋅ I ⋅ V ⋅ A ⋅ T ⋅ I ⋅ V ⋅ E is 0. However, if you worked the rest of the problem before you figured this
out, here is how to work the rest of the problem. The length of a diagonal of a square is equal to 2 times the
2
s 3
length of a side of the square, so D = 2 2 . The area of an equilateral triangle is equal to , where s is the
4
22 3
length of a side of the triangle, so E = = 3 Since the circumference of a circle is given by the formula
4
C=2πr, where r is the radius of the circle, we have 12=2πr, or r=6/π, so R=6/π. For the equation
x + y + z = 7 , it is helpful to think of the solutions as arrangements of the following series of letters:
AAABAABAA, where the B’s divide the A’s into three groups, even if one of the group has 0 members. Then, the 0
number of A’s to the left of both B’s is the value of x, the number of A’s between the two B’s is the value of y, and
the number of A’s to the right of both B’s is the value of z. Each arrangement of these letters corresponds to
exactly one solution of the form (x,y,z) to the equation. The number of possible arrangements of the 7 A’s and 2
(7 + 2)! 9 ⋅ 8
B’s is equal to = = 36 , so I=36. If the surface area of a cube is 24, then the area of one face
(7!)(2!) 2
24 3
is , or 4. This means that the length of an edge of the cube is 2, so the volume is 2 , or 8. So, V=8. Since the
6
4 1 2 1
prime factorizations of 48 and 20 are 2 ⋅ 3 and 2 ⋅ 5 , respectively, the greatest common factor of 48 and 20 is
4 1 1
equal to 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 , or 240. So, A=240.
11. To find the sum of the positive integral divisors of 2008, first we find the prime factorization of 2008, which is
2 3 ⋅ 251 . The sum of the positive integral factors of a number whose prime factorization is a b ⋅ c d is equal to
(1 + a + a 2 + ... + a b −1 + a b )(1 + c + c 2 + ... + c d −1 + c d ) . Using this fact, we find that the sum of the
positive integral divisors of 2008 is equal to (1 + 2 + 4 + 8)(1 + 251) , or 3780. The remainder when this is
divided by 16 is 4, so the length of a side of the square is 4+4, or 8. The perimeter of the square is 8(4), or 32, and
the area of the square is equal to (8)(8), or 64. The radius of the circle is equal to half of 8, or 4. The
2
1
circumference of the circle is equal to 2πr=2π(4)=8π, and the area of the circle is equal to π r = π (4) 2 =16π.
4
circumference of the circle × perimeter of the square (8 pi )(32) 1
Thus, = =
circle' s area × square' s area (16 pi )(64) 4
 12. (0.5 × 0.6 × 0.75 × 0.8 × 0.8 3 K × .99) = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 ... × 99 =
1
(all of the numerators and
2 3 4 5 6 100 100
denominators in this product of fractions cancels except for the 1 and the 100.
10012 × 32 8 written in base ten is (2 3 + 1)(3 ⋅ 8 + 2) = (9)(26) = 234
5!−8! = 5 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 − 8 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 = 120 − 40320 = 40200
1 306
A=
100
B=234
C=40200
1
A× B ×C = ⋅ 234 ⋅ 40200 = 94068
100
2 2
Since 306 = 93636 and 307 = 94249 , 94068 must be between 306 and 307, so the answer is 306.
13. Since Jaraharp was born on the 1000th day of the year 2008, and there are 3008 days in 2008, a 2008 more days
will pass in 2008, which makes the total number of days that will pass before he dies equal to
(3009 + 5007)(1999)
2008 + (3009 + 3010 + 3011 + ... + 5006 + 5007) + 4007 = 2008 + ( ) + 4007
2 12
= 6015 + (4008)(1999) = 6015 + (4008)(2000 − 1) = 6015 + 8016000 − 4008 = 8018007
Since 8018007 is divisible by 40, 8018007 has a remainder of 7 when divided by 40. This means that the day of
the week will be 5+7, or 12.

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14. For each second that it is past 12:00, the hour hand is ( )° , or ( )° past the twelve. Since the
12 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 60 120
time is 2:22 and 30 seconds, it is 2(60)(60)+22(60)+30, or 8550 seconds past 12:00. This means that the hour hand
8550 285
is , or degrees past the twelve, and the second hand, since it is 30 seconds past an exact minute, is 180
120 4
degrees past the twelve. Since the minute hand is back at the twelve at every hour, it is 22.5 minutes past the 45°
twelve. Since for every minute past twelve the minute hand is 6 degrees past the twelve, at this time, the minute
285
hand is (22.5)(6), or135 degrees past the twelve. The number can be rewritten as 71.25 so that it is easier to
4
compare it to the other angles. So, the three hands are at 71.25, 135, and 180 degrees past the twelve. The degree
measure of the smallest angle formed by two of these hands is the positive difference between the two of these
numbers that are closest together, which is 180-135, or 45 degrees.
15. The 1 dollar that is already on the table is going to you no matter what. The expected amount of money you
win on a given die roll if it counts towards your money is 3.5 because that is the average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the
1
six equally likely possibilities. The probability that you get money from the first die roll is . The probability
2
1 1 1
that you get money from the second die roll is ⋅ , or , because you have to flip a heads on the first two flips
2 2 4
for the second die roll to count. This pattern continues up to an infinite number of heads before a tails, so your total
expected earnings for the game is the sum of the expected values of all the die rolls, which is
1 1 1 1 1 1 $4.50
1 + ( ⋅ (3.5) + ⋅ ⋅ (3.5) + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (3.5) + ...) dollars.
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
Because the sum of an infinite geometric series with first term x and common ratio y is :
1− y
1 7
( )( )
9
1 + 2 2 = dollars, or $4.50.
1 2
1−
2
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