THE EFFECTS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ON THE EDUCATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT OF OUT OF

SCHOOL YOUTH IN KM 23 BUNAWAN DAVAO CITY

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A Research Paper

Submitted to the

Faculty of Holy Cross Bunawan Incorporated

Bunawan, Davao City

_______________________________________

In Fulfillment

Of Requirements for

GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND

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By

MARIEL V. BANGONON

Introduction
 Over the past few decades, teenage pregnancy has become a public concern which has generated a great

deal of attention in our society. Increasing awareness of the social and economic consequences of teenage

pregnancy has led to a consensus opinion among policy maker and the public that teenage pregnancy and child

bearing is a significant social problem. It has been linked to an array of social issues such as welfare

dependency, child health and well-being, out of wedlock births, fatherhood responsibility, child abuse, and

neglect , school drop-out and workforce development. (Torivillas, the Philippines Star, 2013). usually in a

family, category are not taught family life education by their parents and the school because of sensitivity issue,

this is contrary to the wide assumption that family life education is on. In practice, however, not much of sex

education is taught in every Filipino family.

The Philippines government through some of its agencies like department of Social Welfare and

development (DSWD) and Department of Education (DepEd) introduced some strategies to minimize the

increasing cases of pregnancy as observed after a decade in the Philippines. Sex education is being incorporated

to the subject matters in school RH bill could be a big help to let the teenager know how to act about sex.

Filipino families and communities is properly informed about their responsibilities to their youngest with

regards to sex. While teenagers wherever they are must reached to educate and be well informed how to counter

early pregnancy.Teenage pregnancy is becoming an epidemic it has become a growing concern. Refers to

pregnancy occur in a girl, mostly in the range of 13 to 17 years old. There are different factors why pregnancy

happened at such a frail age. Early marriagelack of sex education, peer pressure lack of knowledge with the use

of contraceptive, poverty, sexual abuse childhood environment and media influence were such. Also Philippines

Information Agency (PIA) stated that teenage pregnancy has increase by 65 percent over in 10-year period from

2000-2010 despite the decline in teen marriage. The country is forced with the glaring truth that the young

people today have children of their own. 30 percent of all birth belong to the 15to 19 years of age group and by

the time they become 20, 25% of the youth are already mother. Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive

Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No.10354) also known as Reproductive Health law or RH Bill is a law which

universal method of contraception , fertility control, sexual education and maternal care.
 As we see from situation nowadays,whatwere expecting from the youth is the country sayings. Teenagers

are prone to pregnancy. Almost every year there is a rapid increase on the number of pregnant youths. One of

the major causes of this problem is that most of the youths nowadays grew up in broken homes. Parents either

the father or a mother of the youths chose to leave their children behind because of that fact that they cannot

handle anymore their obligation as a parents.

By not being careful and minded in everything it can affects the near future. Teenage pregnancy is very

rampant in today’s generation. It can change everything every single detail of your life. Teenage pregnancy

is one of social ills that affect society the existence of teenage pregnancy do not auger well for development

of the girl child. This is attributable to the girls age and the absence of any consistence means of support to

care for the children and themeselves when they should have been in school. Alleged that teenage pregnancy

and its associated motherhood are characterized with shame, disgrace school dropout and sometimes end of

the individual’s dreams of achieving higher pursuits. It is suggested that school drop-out is uniquely

preditive factor of teenage pregnancy and a procusor to rather than a consequence of becoming pregnant

(Bonell et al,2004) difficulties with school are accounted for in three inter linked ways firstly a strong

dislike of school that leads to truancy dropping out or formal exclusion secondly a lack of educational

attainment and thirdly low aspirations and expectations of the education system as being relevant for their

future employment.
 Conceptual framework

Input Process Output

Profile of teenager Self-Structured Identified Numbers

engaged in teenage Questionaire of teen aged
pregnancy Gathering data from indulged in teenage
teen aged out of pregnancy
school youth

Statement of the problem

In the Philippines,according to the 2002 young adult fertility and sexuality study by the University of the

Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26

percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from age 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience.

What is the worst is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live in arrangement. One of the reason why

teenagers are already aware this topic is because of the media. They get higher knowledge to sex from the

magazine, TV shows, internet, movies and other media. In television, they now also create and make shows

about teenage pregnancy like“teen mom” and “16 and pregnant “ this shows make us realize that the rate of this

problem is getting higher and it is getting usual. There are a lot of reported cases regarding teenage pregnancy

since the past few years until now. The issues of teenage pregnancy has several consequence it is continually

increasing the population growth rate in the society. Many babies are being born through it, which cannot be

catered forby available resources. According to CDC, children born to teenage mother have effect on the

society as well. These babies are more likely to rely on the public health care throughout their lives because

they also have more chronic medical condition.this places a higher burden on healthy system. Teenage

pregnancy is a communal problem, a family problem, and a personal problem all role into one it frequently goes

hand and hand with premarital sex. Problems come when the news need to breach each parent’s party. And the

immature and irresponsible behavior arising sue to complex teenage psychology is another important causes of

teenage pregnancies. Teenagers often go through a number of emotions because of their own transition from
childhood and peer pressure. Lack of attention and affection from family resulting in depression forces them to

seek love and support from another people, especially member of opposite sex. Overprotection gives rise to

frustration and a feeling of not being loved and care for. Thus, balance is the key to avoid this problem, Lack of

affectionate supervision of the parents or guardians results into the teenagers become pregnant. In our world

today having sex before 20 years is in things, it is even normal all over the world and this is brought about levels

adolescent pregnancy which creates sexual relationship among teenagers without the provision of

comprehensive information about sex. Teenage pregnancy has direct implication on school dropout among girls

and boys. A number of studies concur that many young women dropout of school as a result of

pregnancy(Gyepi-Grabrah, 1985a ). However, wherereas there been issues raised with regard to teenage

pregnancy and its subsequent influence on school dropouts, the litetature available is really not about school girl

pregnancy at all, but instead on the relationship between school exit and subsequent childbearing.

Research questions

1) Did you think of aborting the baby?

2) As a teen age mother, how do you plan to support your child financial needs?
3) How do you manage financially, physically, emotionally and mentaly in your current situation?
4) Do the people around you respect your current situation?
5) What was your situation during pregnancy?

Significance of the study

This research is to aimed and gathering information about teenage pregnancy among young people

today’s generation. This research is aimed and helping young teenagers and to be surprise and the negative

effect of teenage pregnancy. And how it can be avoided at their young age to become a teenage mother and

to help them to prevent from indulging from this early pregnancy. And to able for them to absorb and reflect

the effects and problems attached in teenage pregnancy. The teenagers they are the ones who involved in

this case they could be helped through the informative content of this study. They could realize the negative

effect of teenage pregnancy and how could change their whole life. The family they are the one who protect
 their children to be not part of teenage pregnancy the parents who will always guide them and they could

expect a better future and a progressive and a more valuable and worthy support to their son and daughters.

This research study will also benefit the teachers for they could be informed how important is

education to the development of the children to manhood this enabled them to guided and identify the major

causes of teenage pregnancy especially in Km23,Bunawan, Davao city.This study will also benefit the parents to

enable them to realize their great role in educating their children from not indulging early sex especially

without marriage. They must be aware too of what kind of peers their teenagers have. The local government

they could be able to implement and facilities projects concerning the rate of teenage pregnancy issue. They

could be able to understand the deeper cause of this inflating rate of early pregnancy. The community member

they could build a strong alliance against teenage pregnancy and they could more productive part of the

community in terms of cooperating alliance. And the non-government organization they could more stabilize

their goals on this sector and comply an efficient purpose on execution of ideas from which study focuses. They

could be more sufficient in term of project planning and data analysis of social factors of teenage pregnancy.

Others they would get a broader knowledge on how the teenage pregnancy work in the society.

Objective of the study

This research aimed to achieved the primary objective of this study was determine, compare and extent

that teenage pregnancy has no positive effect in the teenagers. The objective of the researcher is to

spread teenage pregnancy can ruin everything including the future of the students. The general purpose

of this study was to find out the effect of teenage pregnancy on education. The study especially aimed to

identify the factors that lead to pregnancy.

Scope and limitation

 This investigation was conducted to determine the status of out of school youth students who have been

pregrant at the early age. This study is limited to the out of school youth who have been experience being

pregnant at their teens age (12-20) years old living km 23 Bunawan, Davao City. The

Any subject and idea that isn’t within the study’s bounds will not be entertained and cited in the study.

Definition of terms

Teenage pregnancy- also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 20. A

female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate, which can be before her

first menstrual period (menarche) but usually occurs after the onset of her periodsIn well-nourished females,

menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Teen pregnancy has declined 42 percent since its peak in 1990 and the U.S. teen birth rate is now at

an all time law. Despite this impresive progress, however, it is still the case that nearly three 10 girls in this

country will become pregnant before the age of 20. The United States has the highest rate of teen age

pregnanacies in the developed world approximately 750, 000 pregnancie to teens it year at a time when the U.S.

needs to become more competitive in the global economy, our teen pregnancy rates are still much higher than

our trading partners and competitors. It is also the case that the one in the four U.S. public school dropout

epidemic. Although graduation rates have increased slightly to 75.5 percent in recent year, achieving a 90

percent nationwide high school graduation rate in 2020 continous to be challenges. Research indicates that fully

30 percent of teen girls who have dropped out school cite pregnancy or parenthood as a key reason. Rates are

the given higher for African and Latino girls 38 percent and 36 percent respectively. A 2006 report by Civic

Enterprises for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation found that 26 percent of students said they dropped out
when they became a parent. Although many teen parents who are unable to complete highschool pursue a GED

obtaining a GED is also a challenged. Almost one –half of former teen mothers who complete GED did so after

18. Moreover, one in three (34% ) young women who had not had a teen birth. Both teen parents suffer serious

educational challenges too early pregnancy and parenthood not only makes it more difficult to complete

education, career and other life goals for teen parents, but also affects the future prospects of their children.

Reseach shows that the children of teen mothers start school dis advantage and fare worse than those

born to older parents. The impact of students leaving high school also ha devasting economic consequences.

Over the course of a lifetime, a college graduate will earn on average 1 million more than a high school

dropout. Dropping out is literally a million dollar mistake. Acordingly to the alliance for excellent education, it

is estimated that over the course his or her lifetime, a single high school dropout cost the nation

approxiamatelly 260,000 in lost earning, taxes, and productivity. Put another way, if students who dropped out

of the class of 2011 had graduated from high school, the nation economy would likely benefit from $154 billion

in additional income over the course of their lifetime. While improving educational attainment is a widespread

goal graduation rates vary grately among school and there has been particularly intense attention to the lowest

performing school districts. Twenty –five persistensly low achieving school districts account for 20 percent of

all high school droppouts in the United States. Pregnancy related school dropouts have become a matter of

public concern in the world today. Several studies have shown that age at first intercourse is reducing,

suggesting that todays young adults are becoming sexually active at an increasing younger ages. In addition

some studies have shown that few adolescents use contraceptives and are risk of pregnancy (Kigaru,1991;

et.al.,1995). This result situations such as dropping out of school,poverty, early marriage and contacting

sexually transmitted diseases ( DHS book,1992; Kane et al., 1993; Ilingumugabo,1995)

As a reported in the December 2000 edition brief of the National Association of States Board of

Education ( NASBE),in the developed countries such us USA, early parenthood is seen to be adding a great

burden to the already challenging navagition of adolescence. Each year, it is istemated that some 500,000

adolescent female become parent before completing high school in the United States. Reseach reports also

indicate that the United States records the highest teen birth rates in the industrialized world, which twice as a
high as that the United Kingdom which is the developed nation which the second highest rate of teen age

pregnancy. In Africa, especially the sub-Saharan Africa countries,there concerns about high rates of pregnancy

related school dropouts, also leading to the reported gender disparities in education in the developing

world(Mench et.al.). School girls who become pregnant have fewer opportunities for socioeconomic

advancement. Among policy makers and even the media, pregnancy is increasingly being mentioned as a reason

for premature school leaving in the region. Any one who has lived or travelled in Africa and read the local

papers is familiar with the attention given the ‘schoolgirl pregnancy’ a term wich draws attention to the risk

schoolgirls face when they start to school beyond the age of sexual maturity (Lloyd & Mench, 2005). In the

most of the countries, school girls whose pregnancies are detected are required to drop out of school, at least

temporarily. In the most cases, school girls who become pregnant countries like Nigeria, Mali and even Zambia

either had to resort to unsafe abortions or they face official school expulsion. Because girls who dropped out of

school due to pregnancy usually never returned to school to complete their education after childbirth, their

opportunities for socioeconomic advancement are limited. While in many settings, rules are curently being

liberalized to provide for possiblity of re-entry, the number of those returning back school is still law. And due

to the facing a pregnant schoolgirl has to choose between dropping out of school and undergoing an undergoing

an abortion in order to remain in school, it poses a high cost association with becoming pregnant while still in

school. On the other hand, boys who get the pregnant do not face the same risk. Many African governments

have also included family life education programs in their school curriculum in an attempt to educate adolescent

about the consequences and the responsibilities associated with the sexual activity. The high rates of school girls

pregnancies suggest that these family life programs have their shortcomings and indicate that educaional

policies should be used not only reduce the incidies of school girl pregnancies but also to assist the pregnant

school girls pregnant schoolgirl to complete their education.