Upper Extremity Origin/Insertion/Action
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1. Pectoral Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Subclavius
Region
2. Pectoralis Origin: Clavical (Clavicular), Sternum & Upper
Major Ribs (Sternocostal), Tendon of the External
Oblique Muscle
Insertion: Greater Tubercle (Lateral lip of
Intertubercular groove on Humerus)
Actions: Adduction & Medial Rotation of
humerus, Forced inspiration by elevating rib cage
when humerus is fixed. Clavicular Portion: flexes
humerus @ shoulder joint. Sternocostal Portion:
extends humerus @ shoulder joint when humerus
is in flex position.
Never Supply: Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1) and
Lateral Pectoral Nerve (C5-C7)
3. Pectoralis Origin: Upper Ribs
Minor Insertion: Coracoid Process/Scapula
Action: Protraction & Abduction of Scapula,
Elevates rib cage during forced inspiration
Nerve Supply: Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1)
4. Subclavius Origin: First Rib
Insertion: Subclavian groove/Clavicle
Action: Moved clavicle medially, acts as cushin
between clavicle & subclavian vessels
Nerve Supply: Nerve to the Subclavius (C5-C6)
5. Shoulder Trapezius, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor,
Muscles Levator Scapula, Latissimus Dorsi, Serratus
Anterior
6. Trapezius Origin: superior nuchel line/Occiput, external
occipital protuberance, Ligamentum Nuchae,
Spines of the thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle & Acromion process & Spine
of Scapula
Action: Stabilize scapula (anatomical position)
Upper Portion: elevates scapula, Middle & Lower
Portions: Adducts Scapula
Nerve Supply: Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI),
Sensory (C4-C5)
7. Rhomboid Origin: Spine/Upper Thoracic Vertebrae
Major Insertion: Vertebral border/scapula
Action: ellevate & adducts scapula, stabilizes
scapula
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
8. Rhomboid Origin: Spine/lower cervical & T1
Minor Insertion: Vertebral border/scapula
Action: stabilize scapula, elevate and adducts
scapula
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
9. Levator Origin: Transverse processes of upper
Scapular cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Superior Angle/Scapula
Action: Elevate Scapula, Adducts scapula,
Stabilize Scapula
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
10. Latissimus Origin: Spine/Lower thoracic & Lumbar
Dorsi vertebrae, Thoracodorsal fascia, crest of
ilium
Insertion: intertubercular groove (medial lip
of groove)
Action: Extends, adducts & medially rotates
humerus, involved in forced inspiration
Nerve Supply: Thoracodorsal Nerve (C7-C8)
11. Serratus Origin: Upper Ribs
Anterior Insertion: Vertebral Border/Scapula
Action: Abduction/protraction of scapula,
stabilizes scapula, and involved in forced
inspiration when humerus is abducted
Nerve Supply: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)
12. Scapular Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus,
Muscles Subscapularis, Teres Major, Teres Minor
13. Deltoid Origin: Anterior/clavicular portion from
clavicle, Middle/acromial portion- from the
acromion process of scapula,
Posterior/spinous portion
Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity/Humerus
Action: Anterior Portion: Flexes & medially
rotates arm, Middle Portion: Abducts arm,
Posterior Portion: Extends & laterally rotates
arm
Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
14. Supraspinatus Origin: Supraspinous fossa/scapula
Insertion: Greater Tuberosity/Humerus
Action: Initiates Abduction of the arm, helps
laterally rotate humerus, helps stabilize
shoulder joint
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
15. Infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinous fossa/scapula
Insertion: Greater Tuberosity/humerus
Action: Laterally rotates humerus & stabilizes
shoulder joint
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
16. Subscapularis Origin: Subscapular fossa/scapula
Insertion: Lesser Tuberosity/Humerus
Action: Medially rotates humerus & stabilizes
shoulder joint
Nerve Supply: Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)
17. Teres Major O: Inferior Angle/scapula 27. Palmaris O: Medial Epicondyle/humerus
I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove Longus I: Palmar Aponeurosis (fascia)
(lesser tuberosity) A: Helps flex hand, tightens fascia of
A: Adducts humerus, stabilizes shoulder palm/helps with palmar grip
joint, medially rotates humerus N: Median Nerve (C7, C8)
N: Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)
28. Flexor Carpi O: Medial epicondyle/humerus, Olecranon
18. Teres Minor O: Axillary Border/Scapula Ulnaris process/ulna
I: Greater Tuberosity/humerus I: Pisiform, hamate, & 5th metacarpal
A: Laterally rotates humerus, stabilizes A: Equal prime mover for flexion of hand at
shoulder joint wrist joint, adducts hand
N: Axillary Nerve (C5-C6) N: Ulnar Nerve (C7, C8)
19. Arm Muscles Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis, 29. Flexor O: Medial Epicondyle/humerus
Brachialis, Triceps Brachii Digitorum I: Middle phalanges/digits 2-5
Superficialis A: Flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5, helps
20. Biceps Brachii O: Shorthead-coracoid process,
flex the hand
Longhead- supraglenoid tubercle/scapula
N: Median Nerve (C7, C8)
I: Tuberosity/radius, Shaft/ulna
A: Flexion of forearm, supinates the radius 30. Deep Anterior Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicus
(prime mover) Forearm Longus, Pronator Quadratus
N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
31. Flexor O: shaft/ulna
21. Coracobrachialis O: Coracoid process/scapula Digitorum I: Distal phalanges/digits 2-5
I:Shaft/humerus Profundus A: Flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5, helps
A: Flexion & weak adduction of arm flex hand
(shoulder joint), stabilizes shoulder joint N: Ulnar Nerve & Median Nerve (C8, T1)
N: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C6)
32. Flexor Pollicus O: shaft/ulna
22. Brachialis O: Shaft/Humerus Longus I: Distal phalanx/digit 1
I: Coronoid process/ulna A: Flexes the thumb (digit 1) @ IP joint
A: Flexes forearm (equal prime mover) N: Median Nerve (C8, T1)
N: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C6)
33. Pronator O: Shaft/ulna
23. Triceps Brachii O: Long head- Infraglenoid Quadratus I: Shaft/radius
tubercle/scapula, Lateral head- A: Pronation of forearm @ inferior radial-
shaft/humerus, Medial head- ulnar joint, helps stabilize the inferior-radial-
shaft/humerus ulnar-joint
I: Olecranon process/ulna N: Median Nerve (C8, T1)
A: Extension of forearm
34. Posterior Brachioradialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis
N: Radial Nerve (C7, C8)
Superficial Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis,
24. Anterior Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radiallis, Forearm Extensor Digitorum Maximus, Extensor Digiti
Superficial Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Minimi, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Forearm Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
35. Brachioradialis O: Lateral supracondylar ridge/humerus
25. Pronator Teres O: Medial epicondyle/humerus, coronoid I: Styloid process/radius
process/ulna A: Helps flex forearm, pronates and
I: Pronator ridge/radius suprinates the forearm
A: Pronates forearm at superior radio- N: Radial Nerve (C5, C6)
ulnar joint, assists in flexion at elbow joint
36. Extensor O: Lateral Epicondyle/humerus
N: Median Nerve (C6, C7)
Carpi Radialis I: 2nd metacarpal
26. Flexor Carpi O: Medial epicondyle/humerus Longus A: Extend the hand, abduct the hand
Radialis I: 2nd metacarpal w/ small slip to 3rd N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7)
metacarpal
37. Extensor O: Lateral epicondyle/humerus
A: Equal prime mover for flexion of hand
Carpi Radialis I: 3rd metacarpal
(@ wrist joint), assists in abduction of hand
Brevis A: extend the hand, abduct the hand
N: Median Nerve (C6, C7)
N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7)
38. Extensor O: Lateral epicondyle/humerus 51. Flexor O: Trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate bones
Digitorum I: Middle phalanx/digits 2-5 Pollicis I: Proximal phalanx/digit 1
Maximus A: Extends digits 2-5, Extend hand, abducts Brevis A: flexes digit 2 @ M-P joint
digits 2, 4, 5 N: Ulnar Nerve & Median Nerve (C8, T1)
N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8)
52. Adductor O: Trapezoid, capitate, 2nd & 3rd
39. Extensor O: Lateral Epicondyle/humerus Pollicis metacarpals (oblique head), 3rd metacarpal
Digiti I: Proximal phalanx/digit 5 (transverse head)
Minimi A: Extend digit 5 I: Proximal phalanx/digit 1
N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) A: Adducts digit 1
N: Ulnar Nerve ( C8, T1)
40. Extensor O: Lateral Epicondyle/humerus
Carpi I: 5th Metacarpal 53. Hypothenar Abductor digiti Minimi (Quinti), Flexor Digiti
Ulnaris A: Extend hand, helps adduct hand Muscles Minimi (Quinti), Opponens Digiti Minimi
N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) (Quinti), Lumbricales
41. Deep Supinator, Abductor Pollicus Longus, Extensor 54. Abductor O: Pisiform
Posterior Pollicis Brevis, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Digiti Minimi I: Proximal phalanx/digit 5
Forearm Extensor Indicis, Anconeus (Quinti) A: Abducts digit 5
N: Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
42. Supinator O: Lateral epicondyle/humerus, supinator
crest/ulna 55. Flexor Digiti O: Hamate
I: shaft/radius Minimi I: Promixal Phalanx/digit 5
A: Supinates forearm (Quinti) A: flexes digit 5 @ M-P joint
N: Radial Nerve (C6) N: Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
43. Abductor O: Shaft/ulnar & radius 56. Opponens O: Hamate
Pollicis I: 1st metacarpal Digiti Minimi I: 5th metacarpa
Longus A: abducts digit 1 and C-M joint (Quinti) A: Laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
N: Radial nerve (C6, C7) N: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
44. Extensor O: Shaft/radius 57. Lumbricales O: Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
Pollicis I: Proximal phalanx/digit 1 muscle
Brevis A: Extends digit 1 @ M-P joint I: Tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle
N: Radial nerve (C6, C7) A: Flexes M-P joints, Extends I-P joints
N: 1st & 2nd Lumbricales- Median Nerve (C8,
45. Extensor O: Shaft/ulna
T1), 3rd & 4th Lumbricales- Ulnar Nerve (C8,
Pollicis I: Distal Phalanx/digit 1
T1)
Longus A: Extends digit 1 @ I-P joint
N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) 58. Interossei Dorsal, Palmar
46. Extensor O: Shaft/Ulna 59. Dorsal O: 2nd, 3rd, 4th metacarpals
Indicis I: Proximal Phalanx/digit 2 I: Proximal Phalanx of digits 2,3,4
A: Extends digit 2 @ M-P joint A: Abducts digits 2-4, flexes MP joints,
N: Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) extends IP joints
N: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
47. Anconeus O: Lateral epicondyle/humerus
I: Olecranon process/ulna 60. Palmar O: 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
A: Extends forearm I: Proximal Phalanx of digits 2, 4, and 5
N: Radial Nerve (C7, C8) A: Adduct digits 2, 4, 5; flex MP joints; extend
IP joints
48. Thenar Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis,
N: Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Eminence Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Adductor Pollicis
Muscles
49. Abductor O: Trapezium and scaphoid
Pollicis I: Proximal phalanx/digit 1
Brevis A: Abducts digit 1 @ M-P joint
N: Median Nerve (C8, T1)
50. Opponens O: Trapezium
Pollicis I: 1st metacarpal
A: Medially rotates 1st metacarpal
N: Median Nerve (C8, T1)