Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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Blue boxes reference primary
sources, and provide

Color coded
quotations from primary
sources.

Gold boxes contains

references to secondary
sources.

White boxes are summaries

of primary sources.
text boxes
Green text boxes are my
analysis, notes, commentary,
and explanations.
 Previous:
Edessa Campaign 1:
Background
 Edessa Campaign 2:
Turbessel and Ravendel
AD 1097/11-/1098/01
Philippopolis
Varna
Strategic Situation: Edessa Expedition 1097/10-11
Ardas a
Preslav Sinope Kur

Adrianople

Constantinople
Primary Sources: Rodosto Trebizond
Edessa Expedition
is
Nicomedia ps

ios
am

gar
Western Civetot Iris Ac
Neocaesarea

San
Albert 3.17-25 Yesil h Aras
s Amasya irma Coru
→William 4.1-6 ni cu Cyzicus Nicaea k
Sebenkarahisar
Caffaro — ra Theodosopolis
Abydos G Tokat Teleboas
Sank 1

dacus
Canso — arya

u)
Erzincan 2

S
Ekkehard — Sebastea

at
)
a Su

ur
Rhyn
Ankyra (K ar
Divrigi

(M
Fulcher 1.14
→Bartolf — Dorylaeum
→Malmesbury — 2- Old Armenian homeland,
Pergamum Amorium ak 3- Zone of refugee and now ruled by the Turks Akhlat
Gesta — li rm nias
Ha
lys izi mercenary Armenian Arsa
→Baldric — diz K
He Ge principalities
rm
→Orderic 9.11=119-29 us Philomelium 1- Route of the Melitene
Smyrna
→Guibert 3.14=70-72 First Crusade Comana
→Peter — Antioch Caesarea
→Robert —
k
yu

3
Gilo — Meander Iconium
Bu

han
Letters — Coxon Diyarbakir
1 n

Sey
Laodicea ha
Ralph — y

Ti
Cilician Gates Ce

g
ris
Raymond — Marash
Heraclea
William 4.1-6 ←Albert

s
Saru
Adana mus
ra 4 Edessa
Py 1
Eastern Christian
Anna — Attalia Mosul
Goksu Tarsis Belen Pass
Mathew 2.117-8=168-70 Rhodes Cal
yca 4- Baldwin’s
Michael —
dnu
s Antioch Edessa expedition
→Bar Hebraeus —
Studies Seleucia Euphr
Syriac 70-1 St Simeon Aleppo ates

Zab
Amouroux-Mourad, M. Le

ater
Comté d'Edesse, 1098-1150 Raqqa
Muslim

Gre
(1988). Latakia Rahba
AHC —
Asbridge 149-52
Ibn al-Athir —
France 195 Nicosia
Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490} — Hama
Frankopan 151-3
Kamal al-Din —
Rubenstein 161-167
Maqrizi {a490} — Paphos Homs
Runciman 1:201-12
Sibt {a490} — Tripoli
CE 2:379-85
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1097/10/mid
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ ✝ Marash Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban
1
Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
Ba ♜
1- {10/mid} Qalat al-Rum Thoros
Baldwin joins the main {1094-1098}
♜ Duluk
Sarvantikar
crusader army at Marash
♜ Edessa

Aintab
Bira
Saruj

♜
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

♜
Cyrrhus
Ayas

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
Yaghra Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Bagras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon Qusayr Kafr Nasih
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1097/10/mid
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ ✝ Marash Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban
1
Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
Ba ♜
1- {10/mid} Qalat al-Rum Thoros
Baldwin joins the main {1094-1098}
♜ Duluk
Sarvantikar
crusader army at Marash
♜ Edessa

Aintab
Bira
Saruj

♜
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

♜
Cyrrhus
Ayas

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
Yaghra Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Bagras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon Qusayr Kafr Nasih
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
1- {10/mid}
Behesni 1097/10/mid
Constantine {??}
Rupenids The main crusader army sets out from uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash for Antioch.
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ ✝ Marash Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104}
1
Keysun 3- {10/17} Raban
[Albert 3.17a]
2- {10/mid} Kogh Vasil Baldwin, keeping apart with his seven
Bagrat, brother of Kogh Vasil, Armenian {1087?-1112} ♜
prince of Keysun, convinces Baldwin to
hundred
Marzban
cavalry, [and additional Edessa
♜ land of Armenia
infantry?] entered the
march to Aintab in support of Kogh Vasil. 2 on the adviceQalat
of aal-Rum
certain Armenian
Thoros
♜ Duluk soldier called Pakrad (Bagrat). {1094-1098}
Ba 3 Edessa
Sarvantikar ♜

Aintab
Bira
Saruj

♜
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

♜
Cyrrhus
Ayas

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
Yaghra Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Bagras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon Qusayr Kafr Nasih
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1097/11
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Sarvantikar ♜ Edessa
3- {1097/11}
Aintab Ba [Albert 3.17]
With Armenian allies, Baldwin
Bira
advances to Turbessel Saruj
3
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜ ⚔
✝
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
4- The Turkish garrison
Am

Cyrrhus
flees, abandoning the
Ayas 4 castle to the crusaders.

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
Yaghra Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
1- {10/late} Main Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
1 crusader army continues
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole its march to Antioch.
♜ Tall Qabasin
Baghras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne 2 Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon 2- Qusayr
{1097/10/21-/1098/06/03} Kafr Nasih
Crusaders besiege Antioch
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1097/11
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ 4- {1097/11} Duluk {1094-1098}
♜ Edessa
Sarvantikar [Albert 3.17]
Bagrat takes control of 2- {1097/11}
Ravendel, refusing to allow Aintab [Albert 3.17]
Baldwin’s men into the city. Leaving a crusader garrison Bira
in
Turbessel, Baldwin advances Saruj
4 on Ravendel
⚔
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ 2 Ba ♜ Haran
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus
3
Ayas
3- The Turkish garrison of
Ravendel again flees
without a fight.
Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta Yaghra
Darbsak
Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Baghras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
✝ ‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne 1 Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon 1- Qusayr
{1097/10/21-/1098/06/03} Kafr Nasih
Crusaders continue their
siege of Antioch
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1097/11
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
2-♜{1097/11} Duluk {1094-1098}
♜ Edessa
[Albert 3.18]
Sarvantikar
Baldwin besieges Ravendel. When the city
refuses resists, he arrests and tortures Bagrat Aintab
until he orders the surrender of the castle. Bira
Saruj
2
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Ba Haran
♜
s
aeu

⚔ Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus
Ayas Tu 3 3- {1097/11}
[Albert 3.18]
Turkish warbands remain in the
Azaz
Aleppo countryside, plundering and harassing.
Alexandretta Yaghra
Darbsak
Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Baghras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
✝ ‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne 1 Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon 1- Qusayr
{1097/10/21-/1098/06/03} Kafr Nasih
Crusaders continue their
siege of Antioch
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1097/12-/1098/01
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Sarvantikar
2- {1097/12-/1098/01}
♜ Edessa
[Albert 3.18]
Baldwin spends the following weeks in small
Aintab
scale military operations, establishing control
over the countryside surrounding Turbessel and Bira
Saruj
Ravendel, driving the Turks from the region.
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ 2 Haran
Ba ♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus ⚔ ⚔
Ayas ⚔
Tu

Azaz
Alexandretta Yaghra
Darbsak
Mashhala
♜
Mosul
♜ Manbij
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Baghras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah
Tall Aghdi
Bir Aleppo
{1086-1098} (Ridwan)
✝ ‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr {1095-1113}
Antioch Harim Balat Aleppo
Daphne 1 Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon 1- Qusayr
{1097/10/21-/1098/06/03} Kafr Nasih
Crusaders continue their
siege of Antioch
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Behesni 1098/01-02
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Sarvantikar ♜ 2- {1098/01-02} Edessa
[Albert 3.18]
Aintab Having established control of
the region, Baldwin winters his
Bira
army at Turbessel. Saruj

2
s

Ravendel
Ba
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus
Ayas

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta Yaghra
Darbsak
Mashhala (Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
Ma’ratah {1095-1102}
Russole
♜ Tall Qabasin
Baghras
Antioch Mamulah al-Bab
Buza’a
3- {1098/01-02} Ridwan focuses
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah Bir
his military attention on the main
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098} 3 crusader army at Antioch.
✝ ‘Imm ♜ Hisn al-Dayr
Antioch Harim Balat Ri Aleppo
Daphne 1 Sarmada Atharib
♜
St Simeon 1- Qusayr
{1097/10/21-/1098/06/03} Kafr Nasih
Crusaders continue their
siege of Antioch
 Crusading Warfare
Next = Edessa 3: Baldwin at Edessa

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