DRUG STUDY

Drug Name Mechanism of action Indications contraindications Side/Adverse Effects Nursing considerations
Generic name: It inhibits the bacterial cell  Treatment for Hypersensitivity to Local – injection site  Avoid excess
Cefotaxime wall synthesis by binding to lower respiratory penicillin, and inflammation, pain and dosage.
one or more of the tract infection. cephalosporin. tenderness.  Use cefotaxime
Brand name: penicillin binding proteins  Treatment for Allergy – Rash, itching, cautiously in
Claforan (PBP’s). pelvic fever, eosinophilia, hives patients with renal
This inhibits the final inflammatory. and shock. function.
Classification: transpeptidation step of  Treatment for G.I – nausea and vomiting  For I.V use,
Antibiotis: Cephalosporin peptidoglycan synthesis in endometritis. HEENT – hearing loss. reconstitute each
Third generation bacterial cell walls, thus  Treatment skin and 0.5g, 1g or 2g vial
inhibiting cell wall skin structure with 10 ml of
Dosage: biosynthesis. infections. sterile water for
Adult: I.V/I.M injection. Shake to
1g, 2g/4-12 hour max. dissolve.
12g/day.  For I.M use,
reconstitute each
500mg vial with 2
ml of sterile water
for injection or
bacteriostatic
water injection; 1g
vial with 3ml of
diluents; and each
2g vial with 5ml of
diluents. Shake
 DRUG STUDY

Drug Name Mechanism of action Indications contraindications Side/Adverse Effects Nursing considerations
Generic name: The patient was given  Hyperglycemia Hypersensitivity: active CNS: euphoria, insomnia, psychotic  Do not give drug
Dexamethasone dexamethasone 1.8mg associated with untreated infection; behavior, pseudotumor cerebri, to nursing mother;
TIV q 6 hours to cancer. ophthalmic use in viral, vertigo,headache, drug is secreted
Brand name: decreases  Short-term fungal disease of the paresthesia,seizures, depression. breast milk.
Decadron inflammatory, mainly management of eye.  Give daily doses
by stabilizing leukocyte various CV: hypertension, before 9 AM to
Classification: lysosomal membranes; inflammatory and edema,arrythmias,thromboembolism. mimic normal peak
Corticosteroid suppress immune allergic disorders corticosteroid
Glucocorticoid response; stimulates  Hematologic EENT: cataracts, glaucoma. blood levels.
Hormone bone marrow; and disorders.  Do not give liver
influences proteins,  Cerebral edema GI: peptic ulceration, GIirritation, virus vaccines with
Dosage: fats and carbohydrates associated with increased appetite, pancreatitis, immunenosuppres
1.8mg TIV q6 metabolism. brain tumor, nausea,vomiting. sive doses of
craniotomy, or corticostiroids.
head injury. GU: increase urine glucose,and  Avoid prolonged
calcium levels use near the eyes,
in genital and
Metabolic: rectal areas, and in
hypokalemia,hyperglycemia skin creases.

Musculoskeletal: muscleweakness

Skin: Delayed wound healing

Other: Susceptibility toinfections


Drug Name Mechanism of action
Generic name: Works by inhibiting the
Ceftriaxone mucopeptide synthesis in the
bacterial cell wall. The beta-
Brand name: lactam moietyof Ceftriaxone
Forgram binds to carboxypeptidases,
endopeptidases, and
Classification: transpeptidases in the
Cephalosporin bacterial cytoplasmic
membrane. These enzymes are
Dosage: involved in cell-wall synthesis
1g dissolves in 1 and cell division. By binding
vial in 1.75 distilled to these enzymes, Ceftriaxone
water + 1.75ml 2% results in the formation of
Lidocaine. OD of defective cell walls and cell
death.
DRUG STUDY
Indications contraindications Side/Adverse Effects Nursing considerations
 Treatment of infections Hypersensitivity to penicillin, •Pain Assess patient’s
of the lower resp tract, and cephalosporin. •Induration previous sensitivity
acute bacterial otitis Hypersensitivity to lidocaine •Phlebitis reaction to penicillin
media, skin & skin soln (in case of IM inj). •Rash or other
structure infection, UTI, Hyperbilirubinemic neonates •Diarrhea cephalosphorins.
uncomplicated gonorrhe esp prematures. Concurrent •Thrombocytosis •Assess patient for signs
a, pelvic inflammatory administration w/ Ca- •Leucopenia and symptoms
disease, containing soln or products in •Glossitis of infection before and
bacterial septicemia, newborns. •Respiratory during the treatment
bone & joint infections, superinfections •Obtain C&S before
intra-abdominal beginning drug therapy
infections, meningitis. to identify if correct
treatment has been
initiated.
•Assess for allergic
reaction.
•Monitor hematologic,
electrolytes,
renal and
hepatic function.
•Assess for possible
superinfection: itching
fever, malaise, redness,
diarrhea.
 DRUG STUDY

Drug Name Mechanism of action Indications contraindications Side/Adverse Effects Nursing considerations
Generic name: Broad-spectrum  Parenteral use History of  Dizziness or vertigo;  Dosages are
Gentamicin aminoglycoside antibiotic restricted to hypersensitivity to or acute renal failure, generally adjusted
derived treatment of serious toxic reaction with any interstitial nephritis, to maintain peak
Brand name: from Micromonospora infections of GI, aminoglycoside serum gentamicin
acute tubular
Gentacidin purpurea. Action is usually respiratory, and antibiotic. concentrations of
necrosis; electrolyte
bacteriocidal. urinary tracts, CNS, 4– 10 g/mL, and
Classification: bone, skin, and soft imbalances; transient trough
Antibiotis: Cephalosporin tissue (including elevation of serum concentrations of
Third generation burns) when other bilirubin and 1–2 g/mL. Peak
less toxic aminotransferases; concentrations
Dosage: antimicrobial purpura; nausea, above 12 g/mL and
Adult: IV/IM 2 mg/kg agents are vomiting; trough
followed by 1.5 mg/kg q8h ineffective or are convulsions, mental concentrations
Prophylaxis of Bacterial contraindicated. above 2 g/mL are
depression,
Endocarditis  Has been used in associated with
hallucinations.
Adult: IV/IM 1.5 mg/kg 30 combination with toxicity.
min before procedure, may other antibiotics. Atrophy or rat 
repeat in 8 h Also used topically necrosis at inj sites.
Child: IV/IM < 27 kg, 2 for primary and  Potentially Fatal:
mg/kg 30 min before secondary skin Nephrotoxicity,
procedure, may repeat in infections and for ototoxicity and
8h superficial infections neuromuscular
of external eye and blockade (may
its adnexa.
unmask or aggravate
myasthaenia gravis).