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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
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______________________________________________________________________________
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JULIE B. GOFFSTEIN )
) Appeal No. C 1400418
Plaintiff - Appellant, )
) Trial No. DR 1001501
vs. )
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PETER M. GOFFSTEIN )
)
Defendant - Appellee. )
______________________________________________________________________________
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BRIEF OF APPELLANT
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I. TABLE OF CONTENTS & ASSIGNMENTS OF ERRORS
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I. TABLE OF CONTENTS AND ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR….………………..……2-4
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II. STATEMENT OF THE CASE
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A. PROCEDURAL POSTURE…………..………………………………………..4-7
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B. STATEMENT OF THE FACTS…………………………………………..……7-9
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III. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR AND ARGUMENT
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FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR………………………………………………………9
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The trial court abused its discretion to the prejudice of Ms. Goffstein by allocating
custody and parental rights in the decree of divorce based on the improper reallocation
and modification of parental rights in the trial court’s May and July, 2013 orders.
divorce from her husband, Peter Goffstein (“Mr. Goffstein”) in the Hamilton County Court of
Domestic Relations (T.d. 3). The Magistrate’s Amended 75N Order was issued on July 29, 2010,
wherein Ms. Goffstein was designated the residential and custodial parent for all six of the minor
children (Jeremy, Jacob, Aaron, Elijah, Levi, and Aryeh), and Mr. Goffstein was ordered to pay
$5000.00 per month in spousal support, and $1139.34 in child support (T.d. 31).
A custody trial was held during 11 separate hearings from August, 2011 to March, 2012,
and in the subsequent entry, the trial judge designated Ms. Goffstein the sole residential and
custodial parent of the six minor children, and gave Mr. Goffstein parenting time only with the
four youngest children (T.d 198). On July 17, 2012, Ms. Goffstein’s trial counsel, Ms. Howard,
was granted leave to withdraw (T.d. 211). On March 11, 2013, Mr. Goffstein filed a motion to
reallocate custody of the minor children (T.d 271). On April 10, 2013, Ms. Goffstein’s counsel,
Mr. Somers, filed a motion to withdraw as counsel (T.d. 274), which the trial court granted in
part; allowing counsel to withdraw from representing Ms. Goffstein in subsequent proceedings
related to custody and parenting, but requiring counsel to remain for property issues pending in
front of the magistrate (T.d. 278). On April 30, 2013, Mr. Kenneth Flacks entered a notice of
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appearance on Ms. Goffstein’s behalf (T.d. 282), and filed a motion to continue the reallocation
of custody hearing scheduled for May 2 and 3, 2013 (T.d. 283). The trial court denied the
After a two-day hearing on Mr. Goffstein’s motion to reallocate, the trial court granted
Mr. Goffstein’s motion as to the four youngest children and denied the motion as to the two
oldest children, splitting the children between the two parents (T.d. 293). On June 14, 2013, the
trial court entered an amended entry nunc pro tunc giving Mr. Goffstein control over the oldest
On June 20, 2013, Ms. Goffstein filed a notice of appeal of the trial court’s May 22, 2013
entry (T.d. 306). Also on June 20, 2013, the trial court again amended its May 22nd entry nunc
pro tunc (T.d. 309). On July 23, 2013, Mr. Goffstein filed a motion to modify the previous
parenting orders (T.d. 340), which was heard by the trial court on July 29, 2013.
On July 30, 2013, the trial court entered the Judge’s Decision, wherein it held Ms.
Goffstein in contempt, sentenced her to four separate terms of incarceration in the Hamilton
County Justice Center, and gave her purge conditions of paying Mr. Goffstein’s attorney’s fees
by October 1, 2013, and of granting Mr. Goffstein additional parenting time by December 1,
On August 5, 2013, Ms. Goffstein filed a notice of appeal of the trial court’s July 30th
entry. On August 26, 2013, a magistrate’s entry suspended Ms. Goffstein’s spousal support in
light of the trial court’s entry of June 20, 2013 (T.d. 365). Ms. Goffstein filed written objections
to the Magistrate’s decision (T.d. 370), which were overruled by the trial court (T.d. 388). On
October 7, 2013, the magistrate entered a decision denying Ms. Goffstein’s request to reopen her
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case (T.d. 375). Ms. Goffstein filed objections to that decision on October 15, 2013 (T.d. 382),
and the trial court overruled those objections on November 8, 2013 (T.d. 393). On December 4,
2013, the magistrate entered his decision on property (T.d. 402). Ms. Goffstein’s objected on
A contempt imposition hearing was held on December 9, 2013, where the trial court
imposed at total of 18 days imprisonment, with 9 days to begin on January 6, 2014, and 9 days to
begin on January 15, 2014. (T.d. 415). The trial court included as purge conditions that Ms.
Goffstein comply with the conditions previously set out in paragraphs 5 and 7 of its Decision
dated July 30, 2013 (T.d. 415). On December 17, 2013, the trial court amended its December
10th Entry nunc pro tunc, and added additional purge conditions for Ms. Goffstein not included
in the December 10th entry (T.d. 420). On December 19, 2013, Ms. Goffstein filed objections to
On January 2, 2014, Ms. Goffstein filed her Motion to Stay Execution of Contempt
Sentence in the trial court, wherein she informed the trial court of her intention to appeal the
contempt imposition (T.d. 434). On January 6, 2014, Ms. Goffstein filed a notice of appeal with
this Court (T.d. 435). On January 15, 2014, a purge entry was filed by the trial court (T.d. 441a).
The trial court overruled Ms. Goffstein’s objections to the magistrate’s property decision
on February 7, 2014 (T.d. 453). On February 18, 2014, Ms. Goffstein filed a motion to modify
parenting time (T.d. 461). On March 18, 2014, Ms. Goffstein filed a motion to vacate and set
aside the Judge’s decision entered July 30, 2013 (T.d. 473). After a two day hearing, the trial
court entered a decision granting in-part Mr. Goffstein’s motion to modify parenting time, and
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On April 9, 2014, the trial court imposed a contempt sentence on Ms. Goffstein (T.d. 490)
and dismissed Ms. Goffstein’s motion to vacate the July 30th decision (T.d. 493). On April 25,
2014, the trial court entered a decision denying Mr. Goffstein’s motion to reallocate parenting
rights for the two oldest children (T.d. 502). On June 4, 2014, Mr. Goffstein filed a motion to
adopt the attached divorce decree (T.d. 508). On June 6, 2014, the First District Court of
Appeals filed judgment entries dismissing Ms. Goffstein’s appeals in case numbers C 1300377
and C 1300480) (T.d. 509-510). On June 24, 2014, the trial court entered a decree of divorce
(T.d. 512). The notice of appeal in this case was filed July 21, 2014 (T.d. 515).
This case stretches from July 2010 to June 2014. Halfway through the case, at the end of
June, 2012, Ms. Goffstein was the custodial and residential parent for all six of her minor
children (T.d. 198), and was receiving $5000 per month in spousal support and over $1100 per
month in child support (T.d. 31). By June, 2014, Ms. Goffstein had lost custody of her four
youngest children - with limited parenting time - (T.d. 293), had her spousal support suspended
(T.d. 365), had her child support reduced, and received no payments or property from the marital
The seminal event which changed the course of Ms. Goffstein’s divorce was a May, 2013
hearing and order in the trial court based on Mr. Goffstein’s Motion to Reallocate Parental Rights
circumstances of the four youngest children, and based his motion almost exclusively on what he
perceived to be Ms. Goffstein’s failures (T.d. 271), the trial court granted his pre-decree motion
to reallocate custody and parenting rights as to the four youngest children, and denied his motion
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as to the two oldest children, splitting the six Goffstein children into two separate custody
During the course of the motion hearing, on May 2, 2013, Ms. Goffstein’s counsel, who
had filed his notice of appearance the day before, renewed his request for a short continuance so
as to be properly prepared for the hearing, but the trial court denied his request and proceeded
with evidence and testimony (T.p. 10:13, Motion Hr’g 5/2/13 T.d. 373). Ms. Goffstein appealed
Following the trial court’s granting of Mr. Goffstein’s request to reallocate parental rights,
the trial court amended its May 22, 2013 entry nunc pro tunc on both June 14, 2013 (T.d. 298),
and again on June 20, 2013 (T.d. 309). Each entry included additional parental rights granted to
Mr. Goffstein. Mr. Goffstein again moved to modify the previous parenting orders on July 23,
2013, and the trial court held a hearing just 6 days later on July 29, 2013 (T.d. 349). Ms.
Goffstein again appealed the trial court’s entry, and later moved the trial court to vacate the entry
based on a lack of proper service, and having the hearing only 6 days after filing (T.d. 473). The
trial court dismissed Ms. Goffstein’s motion based on the fact that the July 30th entry had been
appealed (T.d. 493). The trial court incorporated the reallocated parental rights into its final
decree.
Based on the trial court’s June 20, 2013 nunc pro tunc entry, the magistrate suspended
Ms. Goffstein’s spousal support on August 26, 2013 (T.d. 365). In the subsequent property
decision entered December 4, 2013, the magistrate allowed Mr. Goffstein to retain his interest in
all his retirement accounts, and his real property in Wyoming (T.d. 402). Despite the Goffstein’s
15 year marriage, and the fact that Ms. Goffstein’s earning potential was approximately 1/6 that
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of Mr. Goffstein’s, the magistrate granted Ms. Goffstein no spousal support (T.d. 424, p.6). The
trial court overruled all of Ms. Goffstein’s objections (T.d. 453), and incorporated the
custody and parental rights in the decree of divorce based on the improper reallocation and
modification of parental rights in the trial court’s May and July 2013 orders.
The issue before this Court is whether the trial court abused its discretion when it
reallocated custody and parental rights in its May 2013 order, and incorporated that May 2013
decision into the decree of divorce. For the reasons that follow, Ms. Goffstein submits to this
Court that the trial court abused its discretion in allocating custody and parental rights in this
case.
trial court abused its discretion. Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 523 N.E.2d 846 (1988).
The term “abuse of discretion” connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that
absolute, and must be guided by the language set forth in R.C. 3109.04. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d at
74. Under 3109.04(E), a court shall not modify a prior decree allocating parental rights and
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responsibilities for the care of the children unless it finds, based on facts that have arisen since
the prior decree or that were unknown to the court at the time of the prior decree, that a change
has occurred in the circumstances of the child, the child’s residential parent, or either of the
parents subject to a shared parenting decree, and that the modification is necessary to serve the
best interest of the child. Fisher v. Hasenjager, 116 Ohio St.3d 53, 56, 876 N.E. 2d 546 (2007).
change. Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). The change in
circumstances must have a material effect on the child, and the first determination to be made is
whether a change in circumstances has occurred since the court’s last decree. Brammer v.
Brammer, 194 Ohio App.3d 240, 245, 955 N.E.2d 453 (Ohio App. 3 Dist. 2011).
In this case, the trial court reallocated the custody and parental rights related to the four
opposition to what was clearly the best interests of the children. That reallocation was then
On June 21, 2012, after 11 days of testimony and evidence presented during a custody
trial, the trial court designated Ms. Goffstein the sole residential and custodial parent of all six of
the minor children (T.d. 198). The custody trial included evidence that Mr. Goffstein had acted
inappropriately toward the children with regard to their religious practices (T.d. 192, p.2), and
that he had conceded custody of the two oldest boys (Id. at 1). Further, a court-appointed social
worker, Ms. Duncan, concluded that in the best interests of the children, the trial court should
deny Mr. Goffstein’s request for shared parenting, and not impose different custody
arrangements between the 2 older and four youngest children (Id. at 5).
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After all the evidence, testimony, and expert opinion which made up the trial court’s
June, 2012 decision of what constituted a custody arrangement that met the best interests of all
six of the Goffstein children, the trial court completely reversed itself when in May, 2013 it
The trial court abused its discretion in granting Mr. Goffstein’s motion to reallocate for
three reasons. First, Mr. Goffstein failed to show that there was a change in circumstances
affecting the four youngest children. Mr. Goffstein’s motion alleged almost exclusively issues
related to Ms. Goffstein’s failure to follow what Mr. Goffstein considered to be the guidelines set
out by the court, and allegations that their oldest child was not doing well in school (T.d. 271).
Mr. Goffstein’s motion included no information about the five other children, and does not allege
Second, even Mr. Goffstein’s allegations were refuted by Gary Crouch, the court’s
parenting supervisor. During his May 2, 2013 testimony, Mr. Crouch answered “no” when asked
whether Ms. Goffstein’s actions equaled non-participation in court-ordered therapy (T.p. 18:1,
5/2/13 Hearing), and stated that there were things that concerned him about Mr. Goffstein being a
custodial parent (Id. at 47:2). Further, Mr. Crouch testified that there was “nothing detrimental”
about what Jeremy - the oldest child - was learning at Yeshiva (Id. at 90:16).
Finally, the trial court abused its discretion by clearly not considering the best interests of
the children, both in designating Mr. Goffstein as sole residential and custodial parent, and by
splitting the children between two parents - even in light of expert guidance against granting
even shared parenting at the custody trial, and specifically warning against having different
custody arrangements for the older and younger children (T.d. 192, p.5).
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B. SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
The trial court abused its discretion and violated Ms. Goffstein’s right to due process by
modifying its May, 2013 judgment, both nunc pro tunc, and after the filing of a notice of appeal,
and then dismissing Ms. Goffstein’s Motion to Vacate & Set Aside Judge’s Decision because the
judge’s decision at issue was being appealed. Further, the trial court abused it discretion by
holding the disputed hearing July 29, 2013 only 6 days after the filing of Mr. Goffstein’s motion
(T.d. 340) and without a showing that service had been perfected.
The issue before this Court is whether the trial court abused its discretion by modifying a
judgment that was being appealed, but then using pending appellate review as a basis to dismiss
Ms. Goffstein’s motion to vacate (T.d. 493). Further, did the trial court abuse its discretion and
violate Ms. Goffstein’s right to due process by holding a hearing on Mr. Goffstein’s Motion to
Modify Previous Parenting Orders less than 7 days after it was filed, in violation of Civil Rule
A fair trial in a fair tribunal is a basic requirement of due process. Caperton v. A.T.
Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868, 876, 129 S.Ct. 2252 (2009), quoting In re Murchison, 349 U.S.
133, 75 S.Ct. 623 (1955). When an appeal is filed, a trial court loses jurisdiction over that action,
other than collateral issues or to aid the appeal. State ex del. Sullivan v. Ramsey, 124 Ohio St.3d
355, 2010-Ohio-252, 922 N.E.2d 214, ¶ 21 (2010). Under Ohio R. Civ. P. 6(C), notice of a
hearing must be served not later than 7 days before the date of hearing.
Ms. Goffstein appealed the trial court’s May, 2013 reallocation of custody and parental
rights (T.d. 306). The trial court modified its May 22, 2013 entry on several occasions. First, it
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improperly amended its entry nunc pro tunc on June 14, 2013, giving Mr. Goffstein additional
rights over the oldest boys’ education which were not included in the May 22, 2013 entry (T.d.
298), and again on June 20, 2013, again adding conditions not included in either hearing
testimony or in the May 22nd entry (T.d. 309). And, while the appeal was pending, the trial
court modified its May entry by granting Mr. Goffstein’s Motion to Modify Previous Parenting
Orders in the court’s July 30, 2013 decision (T.d. 349). Further, the trial court dismissed Ms.
Goffstein’s Motion to Vacate its July, 2013 decision, stating that it lacked jurisdiction because the
Ms. Goffstein’s Motion to Vacate the July 30, 2013 decision was predicated partially on
the fact that the trial court proceeded on Mr. Goffstein’s motion to modify previous parenting
orders, even in the absence of service, and only 6 days after Mr. Goffstein’s motion had been
filed (T.d. 473). Ms. Goffstein was not present at the July 29, 2013 hearing, and the trial court
granted Mr. Goffstein’s motion in-part (T.d. 481). The trial court abused its discretion by both
proceeding on its July 29, 2013 hearing, and by then dismissing Ms. Goffstein’s motion to vacate
the related decision because the case was currently under appeal (T.d. 493). Clearly, the trial
court had not been dissuaded by Ms. Goffstein’s appeal when it modified its May 22, 2013 entry
while the case was pending in the Court of Appeals. The trial court subsequently modified
additional entries and proceeded on Mr. Goffstein’s motion to modify parenting time while Ms.
The trial court abused its discretion by incorporating an inequitable division of property
in the decree of divorce, by not awarding wife spousal support, and by overruling Ms.
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Goffstein’s objections to the Magistrate’s December, 2013 decision which formed the basis of the
3105.171(C)(1), a court should divide marital property equally unless an equal division would be
inequitable, and must consider the factors set forth in ORC § 3105.171(F) in making its decision.
A court’s award of spousal support is governed by ORC § 3105.18, which provides that
26. In making its determination, the court must consider the factors set forth in ORC §
3105.18(C)(1), including the income of the parties, the earning capacity, duration of the
In this case, the trial court erred by inequitably dividing the marital estate, and by not
awarding any spousal support to Ms. Goffstein. In overruling Ms. Goffstein’s objections to the
magistrate’s property decision, the trial court found that because Mr. Goffstein had a $233,336.00
negative distribution, and Ms. Goffstein had sought bankruptcy protection, that Ms. Goffstein
should receive no property or payments from either Mr. Goffstein’s retirement accounts, or from
Mr. Goffstein’s property in Wyoming (T.d. 453). Additionally, the trial court found that an award
of spousal support was not just or appropriate under the ORC 3105.18 factors (Id.)
The trial court erred by finding that Ms. Goffstein should be effectively punished for
filing for bankruptcy protection, when clearly Mr. Goffstein’s salary of $120,000 per year (T.d.
402) allowed him greater flexibility in paying down debt than Ms. Goffstein’s income of
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approximately $20,000 per year (T.d. 424, p.6). Further, the trial court did not consider that the
Goffstein’s had been married for almost 15 years, and the standard of living the parties had been
accustomed to. Further, the trial court erred by adopting the magistrate’s finding that Ms.
Goffstein had been “primarily” responsible for the duration of the divorce and its related
attorneys’ fees, and the erroneous finding that Ms. Goffstein had been found in contempt no less
than nine times (T.d. 402, p.5). Both the magistrate and the trial court apparently mistook the
filing of Mr. Goffstein’s motion for contempt and modification, with the merits of said motions.
In light of the facts and law, the trial court’s property and spousal support decision is an
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, Appellant, Julie Goffstein, respectfully submits that the trial
court abused its discretion by entering the divorce decree in this case, and violated Ms,
Goffstein’s right to due process, and requests that this Honorable Court sustain the assignments
of error presented, and remand the matter back to a new trial judge for further proceedings
Respectfully submitted,
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