STUDENT WORKSHEET I

Name :
Class :

A. Instructions :
- Read the following material carefully
- Use other reading materials to solve the given problem .

B. The purpose of learning

1 . Students can classify hydrocarbon compounds based on carbon chains form .
2 . Students can classify hydrocarbons based on the type of bonds between carbon atoms
3 . Students can classify compounds alkanes , alkenes and alkynes using the general formula
4 . Students can write down the name of the alkane compound if known formulas relate
5 . Students can write the structural formula of a compound name alkanes

C. Material

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are the ones most simple carbon compounds . Hydrocarbons consist
only of the elements carbon and hydrogen . Although it only consists of two types of
elements , hydrocarbons are a large group of compounds .
Grouping hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are classified based on the shape of the carbon chain and the type of
bond. Based on the shape of the carbon chain .
a. Aliphatic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon compound of carbon atoms bonded to form an
open chain .
b . Cyclic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon compound of carbon atoms bonded to form a closed
chain . Cyclic hydrocarbons are divided into two types , namely aromatic ( closed chain , and
single -carbon double bonds are arranged alternately ) and alicyclic ( closed chain is not
aromatic ) .
Based on the types of bonds between carbon , hydrocarbons are divided into
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons . If all of its bond - CC - single then including
saturated hydrocarbons , whereas if there is only one double bond then include unsaturated
hydrocarbons .

Alkanes .
Alkanes including saturated hydrocarbons because it only has a single covalent bond between
atoms that C-C bond . As a saturated hydrocarbon , alkane general formula is

CnH2n+2

alkyne
Alkyne is also included in the unsaturated hydrocarbon because it has at least one triple bond.
C ≡ C. alkyne general formula is
CnH2n-2
Alkane nomenclature
Jumlah Rumus Nama Rumus gugusan Nama
atom C Molekul alkil gugusan alkil
1 CH4 Metana CH3- Metil
2 C2H6 Etana C2H5- Etil
3 C3H8 Propana C3H7- Propil
4 C4H10 Butana C4H9- Butil
5 C5H12 Pentana C5H11- Pentil
6 C6H14 Heksana C6H13- Heksil
7 C7H16 Heptana C7H15- Heptil
8 C8H18 Oktana C8H17- Oktil
9 C9H20 Nonana C9H19- Nonil
10 C10H22 Dekana C10H21- Dekil

IUPAC rules for naming alkanes :

1 . All names alkanes have the suffix " ana "
2 . If unbranched carbon chain , then :
a. The name depends on the amount of alkane C atoms in the carbon chain .
b . If the carbon chain consisting of 4 or more carbon atoms , the alkane name
was given the prefix n ( normal ) . This distinguishes the isomer - isomer .
3 . If karebon branched chain , then :
a. Determine the parent chain , the longest carbon chain .
b . C atoms are not located in the main chain are called alkyl group ( branched-
chain )
c . The numbering of the C atoms in the parent chain starting from the end
closest to the alkyl group .
d . Parent chain is named according to the number of C atoms , while branched
chain alkyl groups are named according to the number of alkyl C atoms in
the branch .
e . The order of writing the name branched alkanes are as follows :
Branch number - name of the parent alkyl chain name
a. If there are two or more similar alkyl , simply called once and was given the
prefix in ( 2 ) , tri ( 3 ) , tetra ( 4 ) , and so on .
b . Writing the name of alkyl accordance with the first letter of the alphabet alkill (
methyl , ethyl , propyl , butyl , etc. ) .
c . If one atom C 2 alkyl binding , then the number must be repeated .
d . For numbering the carbon chain that contains the branch :
If there is a choice of the parent chain , select chains that contain at most
branches
 .Contoh : CH3 → (gugus alkil)
‫ا‬
1
CH3− CH2− C− 4CH− 5CH2− 6CH3 → Rantai utama
2 3

‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
CH3 CH3 → (gugus alkil) 3,3,4-trimetil heksana

a. Work under this matter thoroughly and carefully!

1. Group the hydrocarbons was below based form carbon chain!

a.
H
H H

H H
H

b.CH3 – CH2 − C≡ C – CH3

2. Classify hydrocarbons below based on the type of bonds between carbon atoms!
a. H H H

H C C C H

H H H

b. CH3 C CH2 CH3

CH2
3. Classify the following hydrocarbon compounds into the alkane, alkene or alkyne by the
general formula!

a.C3H8
b. C4H6
c. C10H20
d. C6H18
4. Write the name of the alkane compounds below!
CH2 CH3

CH3 C CH2 CH3

CH3
 a.
CH3

CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH3
5. Describe the structure of the alkane compound 3-ethyl-2-metilpentana!
6. compounds that consist only of the elements carbon and hydrogen are called.........

7. !looked the picture please !

H3C CH2 CH CH3

CH2
CH3

8. based on the form of the carbon chain, the hydrocarbon compounds including

hydrocarbons above ..........

9. looked the picture please !

H H
H
H C C
H
C
H
H C C
H
H H

based on the form of the carbon chain, the hydrocarbon compounds including

hydrocarbons above..........

STUDENT WORKSHEET ANSWER KEY

1. a. hidrokarbon aromatik
b. hidrokarbon alifatik

2. a. hidrokarbon jenuh
b. hidrokarbon tak jenuh
3. a. Alkana
b. alkuna
c. alkena
d. alkana

4. a. 3,3-dimetil pentana
b. 2,2-dietilheksana

5. CH3

CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3

CH2 CH3
6. Hidrokarbon
7. alifatik
8. alisiklik
9. 4-dimetilheksana.