Ultrawideband Printed Elliptical Monopole Antenna

With Four Band-Notch Characteristics.

S.H. Zainud-Deen, Rami A. Al-Essa and S.M.M. Ibrahem.

* Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt.
** Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt.

Abstract:
In this paper, a compact ultrawideband (UWB) elliptical monopole antenna
with four band-notched characteristics is proposed. An optimized half elliptical slit is
inserted into the ground plane to improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed
antenna can be achieving separately four sharp notches at frequencies 3.5 GHz, 5.5
GHz, 9.GHz and 12.5 GHz. The simulation is performed using the finite-difference
time-domain technique. The proposed antenna has an acceptable omnidirectional
radiation pattern. The results prove that this kind of antenna not only satisfies all
UWB but also rejects the limited bands in order to avoid possible interference with
existing wireless networks.

1. Introduction:
Ultrawideband (UWB) antennas are capable of high data transmission rates
and can be used in communication applications such as RFID devices, sensor
networks, radar and locating tracking requiring small and non dispersive properties.
Its commercial usage of frequency band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz was approved by
the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 2002. Due to the overlap of the
currently allocated UWB frequency band, with the existing wireless networks, it may
be necessary to notch-out portions of the band in order to avoid interference with the
existing wireless networking technologies such as WiMAX (3.4-3.69 GHz, 5.25-5.85
GHz) and IEEE 802.11a in the USA (5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.725-5.825 GHz),
HIPERLAN/2 in Europe (5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.47-5.725 GHz). There are various
methods to achieve the band-notched function [1-3]. Recently ultrawideband printed
superquadric monopole antennas with two band-notch features is investigated in [4].

In this paper, a new printed elliptical monopole antenna with four band-notch
characteristics is presented. The antenna is designed to eliminate the limited bands
3.4-3.69 GHz, 5.15-5.825 GHz, 8.5-9.5 GHz and 12-13 GHz by cutting two U-shaped
slots in the radiating patch and another two U-shaped slots into the ground plane. The
notch frequencies can be adjusted by tuning the dimensions of the four slots and their
positions into the radiating patch and the ground plane. Independently, each slot is
responsible of rejecting a certain limited band without affecting each other. The
FDTD technique is used in this analysis.

2. Numerical Results:
Fig.1 shows the geometry of the printed elliptical monopole antenna of half
circle ground plane [4]. To increase the impedance bandwidth of proposed UWB
antenna, a slit is introduced into ground plane to alter the input impedance
characteristics. Half elliptical slit is used with semi major axis L2 and the semi minor
axis W2. Fig.2 shows the variation of the input impedance of the antenna with the
operating frequency before and after adding the half elliptical slit. Drastic variations
in the input impedance in the higher frequency of UWB band are occurred in the case
of no ground slit and hence less impedance bandwidth is obtained.
 Two U-shaped slots were embedded into the elliptical radiating patch to reject
the limited bands 3.4-3.69 GHz and 5.15-5.825 GHz. The geometry parameters of the
slots are L1d = 11mm separated 1.65 mm down patch center, W1d = 0.5 mm, L2d = 4.3
mm, W2d =0.5 mm, L1u = 11.5 mm separated 0.65 mm down patch center, W1u=0.5
mm, L2u =8.85 mm and W2u =1mm. Another two U-shaped slots were embedded into
the ground plane. These slots play a role as filter to reject limited bands 8.5-9.5 GHz
and 12-13 GHz. The geometry parameters of these slots are Wu=0.1mm Lui=3 mm
and Luo=4mm as shown in Fig.3. The simulated results are obtained using the FDTD
technique to understand the behavior of the antenna. Figs.3 5 show the return loss,
input impedance, and VSWR against the operating frequency. It is apparent that the
antenna can satisfy the UWB band (2.4-23.8 GHz) for VSWR < 2 with rejecting 3.25-
3.8 GHz, 5-5.85 GHz, 8.5-9.5 GHz and 12-13 GHz band. The input impedance at the
first notch frequency f=3.5 GHz is 7.5 +j15 ohms (slot is equivalent to series LC
circuit), at the second notch frequency f=4.5 GHz is equal to 255+j343 ohms (slot is
equivalent to parallel LC circuit), at the third notch frequency f=9 GHz is equal to
248-j70 ohms while is equal to 9.8 +j55 ohms at the fourth notch frequency 12.6
GHz. An immediate sharp increase in VSWR is observed at the four notch
frequencies as depicted in Fig.5. The simulated antenna gain is changed from 2.5 to
5.76 dB as shown in Fig.6. The results present sharp gain decline at the notched
frequencies, about -8.7 dB occurs at f=3.5 GHz, -2.4 dB at f=5.4 GHz, -4.25 dB at
f=9.13 GHz and -2.7 dB at 12.6 GHz. Fig.7 shows the simulated radiation patterns at
different frequencies 2.7, 8 and 11.5 GHz, respectively. It can be seen that the patterns
of the antenna at frequencies out the notched band present omnidirectional pattern.

3. Conclusion
In this paper, the radiation characteristics of printed elliptical monopole
antenna with half elliptical slit in the ground plane and with four narrow bands
notched are illustrated. Two U-slots were etched into the ground plane in addition to
two U-slots etched in the patch to eliminate four limited bands [3.4-3.69] GH, [5.15-
5.825] GHz, [8.5-9.5] GHz and [12-13] GHz. The simulated return loss, input
impedance, VSWR and the radiation patterns in different planes are investigated. The
designed antenna can be used in UWB systems to reduce interference between UWB
and other wireless communication systems. It satisfies the -10 dB return loss
requirement in the frequency band between 2.4 GHz and 23.8 GHz while showing the
band rejection performance in the frequency bands of WLAN, WiMAX and some
satellite services.

4-References:
1. J.N. Lee, and J.K. Park, "Impedance characteristics of trapezoidal ultra-
wideband antennas with a notch function," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.,
vol.46, no.5, pp.530-506, Sep.2005.
2. H.K. Lee, J.K. Park, and J.N. Lee, "Design of a planar half-circle shaped
UWB notch antenna," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol.47, no1, pp.9-11,
Oct.2005.
3. K.H. Kim, Y.J. Cho, S.H. Hwang, and S.O. Park, "Band-notched UWB planar
monopole antenna with two parasitic patches," Electron. Lett., vol.41, no.14,
pp. 783-785, July 2005.
 4. S.H. Zainud-Deen, Rami A. Al-Essa and S.M.M. Ibrahim, "Ultrawideband
printed superquadric monopole antennas with two band-notch features," 26th
National Radio Science Conference (NRSC 2009), Faculty of Engineering,
Future Univ., Egypt, B17, pp. 1-10, March 2009.

-5

-10

-15

S 1 1 (d B )
-20

-25

-30

-35

-40 N o S lit
R ec elliptical
Half tangularslit
S lit
-45
5 10 15 20 25 30
F re q ue ncy (G H z)

Figure 1: Geometry of microstrip line fed printed Figure2: Simulated return loss curves of microstrip
elliptical monopole on half circle ground plane with line fed elliptical disc monopole before and after
H=1.5mm, r=4.7, W1=2.5mm, L1=20mm, h=0.7mm, adding half elliptical ground slit with W2=L2=2.6mm
W=44mm, L=44mm, B=7.8mm, and A/B=1.4

Figure 3: Geometry and dimensions of printed elliptical monopole on half circle ground plane with
H=1.5mm, r=4.7, W1=2.5mm, L1=20mm, h=0.7mm, W=44mm, L=44mm, B=7.8mm, A/B=1.4,
L1d=11mm, W1d=0.5mm, L2d=4.3mm, W2d=0.5mm, L1u=11.5mm, W1u=0.5mm, L2u=8.85mm ,
W2u=1mm, Wu=0.1mm,
Lui = 3mm, and Luo = 4mm.
0

-5

-10

-15
S 11 (dB )

-20 Figure 3: Simulated return loss curve of the printed

antenna of fig.3 against the frequency
-25

-30

-35 w ithout s lots

w ith s lots
-40
1 3.6 5.4 9.13 12.63 16 19 22 25 28 30
F requenc y (G H z )
 300 200
w ithout s lots w ithout s lots
w ith s lots w ith s lots
250 150

200 100
Input res is tanc e (O hm )

Input res is tanc e (O hm )

X in
150 50
R in

100 0

50 -50

0 -100

-50 -150
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 30 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 30
F requenc y (G H z ) F requenc y (G H z )

(a) (b)
Figure 4: Simulated input impedance curves of the printed antenna of Fig.3 versus frequency
18 8
w ithout s lots
16 w ith s lots 6

14 4

12 2
M ax G ain (dB i)

10 0
VSWR

8 -2

6 -4

4 -6

2 -8
A fter S lots
0 -10
2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23
F requenc y (G H z ) F requenc y (G H z )

Figure 5: Simulated VSWR curve of the printed Figure 6: Simulated Gain curve of the printed
antenna of Fig.3 versus frequency antenna of Fig.3 versus frequency

Figure 7: Simulated far field radiation patterns of the printed antenna of Fig.3 in x-y and z-x plans at
2.7 GHz, 8 GHz and 11.5 GHz.