PDVSA

ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 13–I

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA N° TITLE

H–202–O PIPELINE ANCHORS

1 DEC. 98 GENERAL REVISION 6 Y. K. A.A. J.E.R.

0 MAY.89 FOR APPROVAL 8 J.S. J.G. A.O.

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PAG. REV. APPD. APPD.

APPD.BY Alexis Arévalo DATE DEC. 98 APPD.BY J.E. Rojas DATE DEC. 98

E PDVSA, 1983 ESPECIALISTAS

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Index
1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 CONTINUOUS WEIGHT COATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Weight Coating – Poured in Place and Precast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 BOLT–ON WEIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 MECHANICAL ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 TIE–IN JOINTS DURING PULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This specification covers the minimum requirements for the following types of pipe
line anchors: continuous weight coating, bolt–on weights and mechanical
anchors.

1.2 References
The following codes, standards and specifications, including applicable addenda,
in effect as of the last Editions, shall form a part of this specification to the extent
specified herein.
1.2.1 PDVSA
SD–251 Site Data
A–211 Concrete Material and Construction
A–251 Concrete Below Grade – Design
1.2.2 Industry Standards
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
A 36 Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
A 185 Standard Specification for Welded Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete
Reinforcement
A 615M Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet–Steel Bars
for Concrete Reinforcement AASHTO No. M31
C 33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
C 309 Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane Forming
Compounds for Curing Concrete
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
304.1R Guide for the use of Preplaced Aggregate Concrete for Structural
and Mass Concrete Applications
304.2R Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods
304.3R Heavyweight Concrete: Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and
Placing
304.4R Placing Concrete with Belt Conveyors
304.5R Batching, Mixing, and Job Control of Lightweight Concrete
304.6R Guide for the Use of Volumetric–Measuring and
Continuous–Mixing Concrete Equipment
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305R Hot Weather Concreting

318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
347 Formwork for Concrete

1.3 Regulations
Should there be any conflict between Venezuelan laws, standards and
regulations, this specification and ASME standards, the order of prevalences shall
be as follows:
1. Venezuelan laws, standards and regulations
2. This specification
3. Standards

2 CONTINUOUS WEIGHT COATING

2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Cement shall conform to ASTM C (Portland) 150, Type I or III.
2.1.2 Material or manufactured sand or crushed mineral conforming to the requirements
for fine aggregate in ASTM C 33.
2.1.3 Water shall be of potable quality.
2.1.4 Reinforcing steel shall conform to the chemical and physical requirements of
ASTM A 615M, intermediate grade.
2.1.5 Weight coat strength shall not be less than 210 kg/cm2 (3000 psi) at seven days
(three days for Type III cement). Samples for strength determination shall be
made and cured so that are equivalent to the weight coating as applied to the pipe.
2.1.6 Concrete density shall be as specified in Owner’s Representative drawings.

2.2 Application
2.2.1 Prior to placing the concrete, pipe shall be checked for roundness as necessary
to ensure that no portion of the pipe is more than $ 1 percent out–of–round.
2.2.2 Weight coating shall be applied over the specified corrosion coating. Thickness
of the weight coating shall be that required to obtain the specific gravity specified
for the empty pipe. Minimum thickness shall be 50 mm (2 inch) and the weight of
the coating shall not vary more than five per cent per joint of pipe. Not more than
ten per cent of the joints shall be underweight.
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2.2.3 Weight coats shall extend to within 300 mm (12 in.) of the end of each joint.
Reinforcing wire shall be spirally applied in the middle third of the weight coat with
12.5 mm (1/2 in) minimum laps, 50 mm (2 in.) of reinforcing shall be exposed at
each end of the pipe. One layer 38 mm (1–1/2”) x 17– gauge or 25 mm (1”) x
18–gauge galvanized wire mesh, or as approved by P.C.C., shall be used for
weight coat up to 70 mm (2–3/4 inches) thick and an additional layer for each
additional 50 mm (2 inches) or fraction thereof. Care shall be taken to ensure that
wire mesh remains in the center of concrete coating, and does not stay in contact
with the pipe.
2.2.4 Weight coat shall be kept moist for not less than seven days (or three days if Type
III cement is used), or until the concrete reaches 210 kg/cm2 (3,000 psi) strength.
An approved method of moist curing is the application of a membrane–curing
compound conforming to ASTM C309.
2.2.5 The cured weigh coat shall not vary in thickness more then 12.5 mm (1/2 inch)
from high to low. It shall be free from spelled, loose, or crushed areas, or any other
defects which indicate imperfect proportioning, mixing, placing, handling or
curing.
2.2.6 Each weighted joint shall be indelibly marked with the joint length, total weight, and
date coated.
2.2.7 Weight coat applicator shall be responsible for damage to pipe or corrosion
protection coating while pipe is in his care.
2.2.8 Unless otherwise specified, file joints shall be weight–coated using the
cement–aggregate mixture and reinforcing used on the pipe. Reinforcing shall be
applied cigarette style in two layers without splicing, and shall overlap and be tied
to the yard–applied reinforcing. Joints shall be coated using metal forms, steel
banded to prevent sagging. Forms shall be left in place if pipe is to be floated,
lowered, dragged, or pushed into place less than four days after joint coating.

2.3 Weight Coating – Poured in Place and Precast

2.3.1 Concrete shall be poured in well–designed steel forms so reinforced to a smooth
finished pre–cast unit which is identical in size, finish, and with all units produced
for a given size of pipe.
2.3.2 Cement conforming to ASTM C 150, Type I or III.
2.3.3 Fine aggregate – All material shall be barium sulfate, magnetite, or Ilmenite
mineral from an approved source.
2.3.4 Natural or manufactured mineral sand shall conform to the requirements for fine
aggregate in ASTM C33, except that the gradation requirements are used.
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Maximum aggregate size shall not exceed 10 mm (3/8 inch). Tests shall be made
to determine salt and sulphur content.
2.3.5 Coarse aggregate – All material shall be barium sulfate, magnetite, and Ilmenite
mineral from an approved source.
2.3.6 All natural or manufactured mineral heavy aggregate shall conform to the
requirements for coarse aggregate in ASTM C33, with the material being well
graded with the maximum size passing a 38 mm (1 1/2 inch) screen and the
minimum size being retained on a 10 mm (3/8 inch) screen.
2.3.7 Water or potable quality.
2.3.8 Reinforcing steel conforming to ASTM A615M intermediate grade and welded
wire mesh conforming to ASTM A185.
2.3.9 Concrete mix shall be designed to produce 210 kg/cm2 (3,000 psi) concrete at
seven days (or three days if Type III cement is used).
2.3.10 All mixing, placing and curing of concrete shall be in accordance with American
Concrete Institute Standard ACI318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete.
2.3.11 The interior of each pair of river weights shall be lined with 5 mm (3/16 inch)
Rockshield glued to each one–half section with coal tar or asphalt pipeline
enamel.

3 BOLT–ON WEIGHTS
3.1 Concrete anchors are to be poured on one layer of plastic film. The wetting down
of the soil before pouring, and the curing of the concrete are of particular
importance. The steel parts of anchors in contact with the soil are to be coated
with bitumastic, catalytically cured coal tar–epoxy, phenolic productive
compounds, or asphalt primer and asphalt.

3.2 Reinforcing steel shall conform to ASTM 615M, unless otherwise specified by
Owner’s Representative.

3.3 Concrete shall have a strength of 3000 psi after seven days (or three days if Type
III cement is used).

3.4 Bolts shall be hot dipped galvanized steel to prevent corrosion and failure.

3.5 Weights shall be provided with an adequate number of lifting hooks, at least two
per each half or weight.
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3.6 The inside of the weight shall be lined with at least one layer or Rockshield to
prevent damage to the protective coating of the pipeline.

3.7 Full thrust anchors shall be located in accordance with plan sand profile pipeline
drawings. Normally, they will be located on ends of above ground restrained
pipelines.

3.8 Swage Anchors and Deflection Anchors shall also be located as show in drawings.
Normally these will be located at points pipe diameters and/or wall thickness
change and at horizontal or vertical deflection points in above ground restrained
pipelines.

3.9 Standard weight shall be specified by Owner’s Representative.

4 MECHANICAL ANCHORS
4.1 Mechanical anchors shall be either of the expanding or auger type.

4.2 Hold down strength shall be specified by Owner’s Representative.

4.3 Brackets shall be provided with butyl rubber padding or similar protective padding
to prevent damage to the pipeline coatings.

4.4 Minimum spacing between anchors shall be as in the pipeline drawings.

4.5 The mechanical anchor systems shall be tested to a minimum hold down strength
if required by the PDVSA’s Representative.

5 TIE–IN JOINTS DURING PULL

5.1 Contractor shall first apply a corrosion protective coating in accordance with
PDVSA’s Representative instructions.

5.2 The joints shall be cooled with water before placing the concrete. Forms shall be
sheet metal, 28–gauge minimum thickness, overlapping the concrete coating.
Forms shall be handed and left in place. Care shall be taken to ensure that wire
mesh reinforcement remains in the center or the concrete coating.

6 INSPECTION
Inspection shall be done in accordance with the applicable material and
installation specifications listed in paragraph 1.2. PDVSA’s Representative(s)
shall witness all testing of materials, and be present during construction and
installation to insure the integrity of the anchors. Whenever possible usual
inspection after installation shall be performed.