HOMOGENOUS BATCH REACTOR

BY

OBIANWUZIA PATRICK EMEKA

15/SCI14/018

A LABORATORY REPORT ON
CHE 302

SYBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY ADO EKITI

DATE PERFORMED 14TH JANUARY 2018

DATE OF SUBMISSION 21TH JANUARY 2018

SUPERVISOR:
ENGR DR YAHAYA BABA
ABSTRACT
This experiment’s main purpose is to study the non-catalytic
homogenous reaction in an isothermal batch reactor. This experiment
allows the study of the order and value of the rate constant for the
reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide in a batch reactor. [1]

Keywords: Batch reactor, homogenous reaction, isothermal, rate

constant

i
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ i
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................... iii
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................... iv
LIST OF EQUATIONS ................................................................................ v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................ vi
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1
2. THEORY.............................................................................................. 2
3. APPARATUS ....................................................................................... 3
4. PROCEDURE ....................................................................................... 8
5. RESULTS ............................................................................................. 9
5.1 OBSERVATION .............................................................................. 9
5.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ......................................................... 11
6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................... 11
7. RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................ 12
8. REFERENCE ...................................................................................... 13
9. APPENDIX ........................................................................................ 14

ii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1- Batch Reactor Setup ........................................................................................ 3
Figure 2- Pipette .............................................................................................................. 4
Figure 3- Burette ............................................................................................................. 4
Figure 4- Conical Flask ................................................................................................... 5
Figure 5- Standard Flask ................................................................................................. 5

iii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1- Experimental Velocity TableError! Bookmark not
defined.
Table 2- Result Table .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3- Appendix Table ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

iv
LIST OF EQUATIONS
(2-1)................................................................................................................................. 2
(2-2)................................................................................................................................. 2
(2-3)................................................................................................................................. 2

v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CA concentration [mol .dm3]
CA0 feed concentration [mol .dm3]
k reaction rate constant
L reactor length [m]
(-RA) reaction rate [mol.dm-3.s-1]
Re Reynolds number, ρu0D/μ
u velocity [m.s-1]
V reactor volume [m3]
v0 volumetric flow rate [m3.s-1]
ρ density of mixture [kg.m-3]
μ viscosity of reaction mixture [Pa]

vi
1. INTRODUCTION

A reactor in which chemical reactions occurs are called batch

reactors. They are usually found in small scale laboratories to
understand the kinetics of chemical reactions.

To determine the order and constant of a chemical reaction, the

variation of a property of the reaction mixture is observed as the
reaction progresses. Such properties include the concentration of a
component, total volume of the system or a physical property like
electrical conductivity or refractive index. This is the type of data we
are to obtain from this experiment.

To determine the desired kinetic parameters, the data is

substituted into the pertinent equations to obtain them.

1
2. THEORY

For any given reaction in a constant volume system, the rate of

the reaction can be represented by

𝑑𝐶𝐴 (2-1)
−𝑅𝐴 = 𝑘𝑓 (𝐶𝐴 ) = −
𝑑𝑡

Where rA is the rate of disappearance of reactant A among the

reacting species. Equation (1) can be rearranged to give:

𝑑𝐶𝐴 (2-2)
−
𝑓(𝐶𝐴 )

Integrating equation (1-2) analytically yields

𝐶𝐴1 𝑟 (2-3)
𝑑𝐶𝐴
∫ = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑓(𝐶𝐴 )
𝐶𝐴2 0

By postulating various forms of (CA) in equation (1.3) and

correlating the resulting equation with experimental data, the rate
constant k, and order of the reaction can be determined.

2
3. APPARATUS
 Batch reactor Setup
 Standard flask
 NaOH Solution
 CH3COOC2H5 solution
 Conical flask
 Burette
 Pipette
 Beaker
 Funnel
 Measuring cylinder

Figure 1- Batch Reactor Setup

3
Figure 2- Pipette

Figure 3- Burette

4
Figure 4- Conical Flask

Figure 5- Standard Flask

5
Figure 6- Measuring Cylinder

Figure 7- Beaker

6
Figure 8- Funnel

7
4. PROCEDURE
1. 1.0 liter of the 0.1M Caustic Soda (NaOH) solution was mixed
with 1.0 liter of the 0.1M ethyl acetate solution in the reactor(as
seen in Figure 1) at an arbitrary time ( t=0) at room temperature.
The stirrer was started immediately at an immediate speed to
avoid splashing.
2. A flask was used to redraw the sample of known size from the
base of the reactor after a certain time interval. And
immediately, the sample was quenched with an excess of 0.05M
Hydrochloric Acid.
3. The quenched sample was back titrated with 0.05M NaOH
solution. The required amount of 0.05M NaOH was recorded to
enable us determine the concentration of NaOH in the reactor
at the time you withdrew the sample.
4. Two drops of phenolphthalein was added to the quenched
sample to detect the end point before back titrating. The flask
was thoroughly stirred during back titration.
5. Steps (2) and (3) were repeated every 5-10 minutes (and record
the time for each new sample) until the amount of Na0H needed
in the back titration was nearly equal to the amount of the
quenching acid.

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 5. RESULTS
5.1 OBSERVATION
Concentration of HCL= 0.05m
Concentration of NaOH= 0.1m (in Reactor)
Concentration of H2SO4= 0.1m (in Reactor)
Concentration of NaOH= 0.05m
Indicator= Phenolphthalein

Table 1- Observation Table 2

Real Gas Constant 1.987

Working Volume of reactor VR 2000ml
Volume of HCL VHCL 30ml
Volume of sample VSAMP 30ml
Normality of NaOH in feed 0.1
solution NNaOH
Normality of NaOH used for 0.05
Titration N1
Normality of HCL NHCL 0.05
Final Volume V∞ 31.4 ml
Initial Volume Vo 34.8 ml

9
Table 2- Observation Table 2

Sample # Time (min) Sample Vol Volume of Volume of

(ml) HCL used in NaOH used in
Quenching titration (ml)
(ml)
1 0 30 30 34.8
2 5 30 30 33.9
3 10 30 30 33.4
4 15 30 30 32.2
5 20 30 30 31.4
6 25 30 30 35.9
7 30 30 30 33.2
8 35 30 30 34.6
9 40 30 30 31.1

5.2 RESULTS

Table 3- Result Table 1

Time Titre Vt-V∞ Vo-V∞ 𝐕𝐨 − 𝐕∞ 𝐕𝐨 − 𝐕∞

𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )
(min) (ml) 𝐕𝐭 − 𝐕∞ 𝐕𝐭 − 𝐕∞
0 34.8 3.4 3.4 1 0
5 33.9 2.5 3.4 1.36 0.1335
10 33.4 2.0 3.4 1.7 0.2304
10
 15 32.2 0.8 3.4 4.25 0.6284
20 31.4 0.0 3.4 - -

5.3 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

6. CONCLUSION

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7. RECOMMENDATION
There are few recommendations in order to overcome the
possible errors. Firstly, the chemical preparation of diluted NaOH
and H2SO4 should be prepared carefully so that the disrupted results
can occur. Secondly, the batch must be cleaned before and after the
usage to prevent contaminations. Other than that, the wires or other
equipment involved must undergo frequent maintenance. Other
than that, time must be sufficient to prevent required data to not be
obtained. [2]

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 8. REFERENCE
[1] “Isothermal Batch Reactor.” [Online]. Available:
https://www.scribd.com/doc/288219090/Isothermal-Batch-
Reactor.

[2] “Lab Report Batch Reactor.” [Online]. Available:

https://www.scribd.com/document/273221975/Lab-Report-
Batch-Reactor.

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9. APPENDIX

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