Introduction

Precise control of product level in a tank, reactor and other vessel is very important in
the industrial application. To provide a good and accurate measurement is essential. Most
level measurement is obtain through interference, inferential level measurement techniques
achieved a level indication by monitoring the pressure exerted by the column of liquid. The
simplest form of level measurement for direct measurement of level (almost always
visually) in a vessel. A level gauge (sightglass) is usually a clear tube connected to the a
vessel at the highest and lowest part of the level range. The fluid level inside the vessel will
be at the same hight as the level in the tube. But there is also other complex type of level
measurement, for example the level is measured by pressure.

The pressure exerted at the base of the column of liquid is measured by:

Pressure = Height of column liquid x Density of liquid x Acceleration due to gravity

Because the specific gravity of a liquid can be expressed as the ratio of the weight of
the volume of a liquid to that of an equivalent volume of water, in level measurement
applications, it is define as:

Level = Height x Specific gravity of liquid

Therefore, in order to determine the liquid level, one must know the specific gravity
of a liquid. Then to determine level is by multiplying the liquid height above the point of
measurement by the specific gravity of the liquid as the formula above.

The word calibration is defined as “a test during which known values of measure and
are applied to the transducer and corresponding output readings are recorded under specified
conditions”. The definitions includes the capability to adjust the instrument to zero and to set
desired span. An calibration is a comparison of measuring equipment against a standard
instrument of higher accuracy to detect, correlate, adjust, rectify and document the accuracy
of the instrument being compared.

Moreover, calibration of an instrument is checked at several points throughout the

calibration range of the instrument. Calibration range is the region between the limits within
which a quantity is measured, received or transmitted, expressed by stating the lower and
upper of the range values.
Objectives

1. To operate level measurement instrumentation.

2. To determine the two method used in level measurement and calibrations
3. To determine the effect of heat to level measured for open tank and closed tank.