Zarzuela (Spanish pronunciation: [θarˈθwela]) is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between

spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance. The
etymology of the name is uncertain, but some propose it may derive from the name of a Royal
hunting lodge, the Palacio de la Zarzuela near Madrid, where, allegedly, this type of entertainment
was first presented to the court.[1] The palace was named after the place called "La Zarzuela"
because of the profusion of brambles (zarzas) that grew there, and so the festivities held within the
walls became known as "Zarzuelas".
There are two main forms of zarzuela: Baroque zarzuela (c. 1630–1750), the earliest style,
and Romantic zarzuela (c. 1850–1950), which can be further divided into two. Main subgenres
are género grande and género chico, although other sub-divisions exist.
Zarzuela spread to the Spanish colonies, and many Hispanic countries – notably Cuba – developed
their own traditions. There is also a strong tradition in the Philippines where it is also known
as sarswela/sarsuela.[2] Other regional and linguistic variants in Spain include
the Basque zartzuela and the Catalan sarsuela.
A masque-like musical theatre had existed in Spain since the time of Juan del Encina.
The zarzuela genre was innovative in giving a dramatic function to the musical numbers, which were
integrated into the argument of the work. Dances and choruses were incorporated as well as solo
and ensemble numbers, all to orchestral accompaniment.

1. Tsina – China, officially the Peoples Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the
worlds most populous country, with a population of over 1.381 billion. The state is governed by the Communist
Party of China and its capital is Beijing, the countrys major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing,
Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a power and a major regional power within Asia.
Chinas landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes, the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian
Shan mountain ranges separate China from much of South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,
the third and sixth longest in the world, respectively, Chinas coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500
kilometers long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas. China emerged as
one of the worlds earliest civilizations in the basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia,
Chinas political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties, in 1912, the Republic of
China replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949, when it was defeated by the
communist Peoples Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. The Communist Party established the Peoples
Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949, both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate
government of all China, though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory. China
had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two years, during which it has seen cycles of
prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of reforms in 1978, China has become one of the worlds fastest-
growing major economies. As of 2016, it is the worlds second-largest economy by nominal GDP, China is also
the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a nuclear weapons state and has
the worlds largest standing army. The PRC is a member of the United Nations, as it replaced the ROC as a
permanent member of the U. N. Security Council in 1971. China is also a member of numerous formal and
informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,
the BCIM, the English name China is first attested in Richard Edens 1555 translation of the 1516 journal of the
Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. The demonym, that is, the name for the people, Portuguese China is
thought to derive from Persian Chīn, and perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit Cīna. Cīna was first used in early
Hindu scripture, including the Mahābhārata, there are, however, other suggestions for the derivation of China.
The official name of the state is the Peoples Republic of China. The shorter form is China Zhōngguó, from
zhōng and guó and it was then applied to the area around Luoyi during the Eastern Zhou and then to Chinas
Central Plain before being used as an occasional synonym for the state under the Qing
2. Hong Kong – Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of
China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the
west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total area of 1,106
square kilometres. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in
1945, under the principle of one country, two systems, Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic
executive, legislative, in addition, Hong Kong develops relations