Basis of Design of Structures

NKB Committee and Work Reports
1999:01 E
BASIS OF DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

Proposals for Modification of Partial Safety Factors
in Eurocodes
Nordic Committee on Building Regulations, NKB

Nordic Standardization in the Construction Field, INSTA-B
S A K O; Joint Committee of NKB and INSTA-B

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Table 2.3-2 Statistical distributions and coefficients of variation used for sensi-
tivity studies
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Figure 3.1-1 Variation of the reliability indices around the mean index
E[ b ] = 4,77, D[ b ] = 0,47, i.e. V[ b ] = 9,9 %

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Figure 3.1-2 Reliability indices as a function of n = 4 N (4N + *N + *N ) for

designs in accordance with ENV-Eurocodes.
Mean value of reliability index: E[ ] = 4,77
Standard deviation: D[ ] = 0,47
Coefficient of variation, COV: V[ ] = 9,9 %.
This figure should be looked upon with the following relation, taken
from ENV 1991-1, in mind:
1,3 2,3 3,1 3,7 4,2 4,7 5,2
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Table 3.2-1 Average reliability indices for * = , 4 = and calibrated
partial safety factors 0 for environmental load with V = 40 % for
the variable action
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Figure 3.2-1 Variation of the reliability indices around the target index W =
for * , 4 and calibrated partial safety factors 0
E[ ] = 4,57, D[ ] = 0,25, V[ ] = 5,5 %
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Figure 3.2-2 Reliability indices as a function of n = 4 N (4N + *N + *N ) for target

reliability W = 4,7, * = 1,35, 4 = 1,5 and calibrated partial safety
factors 0

Table 3.2-2 Calibrated partial safety factors 0 for W = 4,7 based on

* = 1,35 and 4 = 1,50 using one design equation
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Table 3.3-1 Dominating action: permanent (P) or variable (V) for load combina-
tions with environmental action as variable action
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Table 3.3-2 Dominating action: permanent (P) or variable (V) for load combina-
tions with imposed action as variable action
* N N1P N1P N1P N1P N1P N1P
4N N1P N1P N1P N1P N1P N1P
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Table 3.3-3 Partial safety factors calibrated to a target reliability index W = 4,7.
The partial factor used as a starting premise is indicated by boxing
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E[ ] = 4,69, D[ ] = 0,05, i.e. V[ ] = 1,1 %.
The graph applies to all three cases in Table 3.3-3 and includes
both imposed and environmental actions
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brated 0 and ) . Environmental action is used as variable action.
The graph applies to all three cases in Table 3.3-3
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brated 0 and ) . Imposed action is used as variable action
E[ ] = 4,69, D[ ] = 0,05, i.e. V[ ] = 1,1 %.
The graph applies to all three cases in Table 3.3-3
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option 2 in Table 3.4-1, W = 4,7.
E[ ] = 4,71, D[ ] = 0,07, i.e. V[ ] = 1,5 %

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Table 3.4-2 Partial safety factors 0 calibrated to a target reliability level

W = 3,7. The boxed values are prescribed partial factors
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tion 1 in Table 3.4-2, W = 3,7.
E[ ] = 3,79, D[ ] = 0,15, i.e. V[ ] = 4,0 %

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Figure 3.4-5 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) , for op-

E[ ] = 3,77, D[ ] = 0,10, i.e. V[ ] = 2,7 %

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tion 3 in Table 3.4-2, W = 3,7.
E[ ] = 3,72, D[ ] = 0,08, i.e. V[ ] = 2,2 %

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Col. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Row Sec- E( ) D( ) P P P V V V No. of Comments
t min G E I G E I M M M M
tion Tar- Mean E( ) eq.1)
Reinf. Conc. Steel Glue-
get % lam
1 3.1 - 4,77 9,9 3,7 1,35 1,5 1,5 1,35 1,5 1,5 1,15 1,5 1,1 1,3 1 Design according to
ENV-Eurocodes
2 3.2 4,7 4,57 5,5 3,9 1,35 1,5 1,5 1,35 1,5 1,5 1,05 1,27 1,13 1,30 1
3 3.3 4,7 4,69 1,1 4,2 1,07 040 0,62 0,85 1,50 1,24 1,37 1,65 1,42 1,63 2 Case I
1,35 0,51 0,78 1,08 1,90 1,57 1,08 1,30 1,13 1,29 Case II
1,26 0,47 0,72 1,0 1,76 1,46 1,17 1,40 1,21 1,39 Case III
4 3.4 4,7 4,68 1,3 4,2 1,2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,7 1,4 1,19 1,43 1,24 1,42 2 Option 1

5 3.4 4,7 4,71 1,5 4,2 1,3 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,9 1,6 1,09 1,31 1,13 1,29 2 Option 2
6 3.4 4,7 4,64 2,6 4,0 1,35 0 0 1,0 1,7 1,4 1,14 1,39 1,21 1,39 2 Option 3
7 3.4 3,7 3,79 4,0 2,9 1,1 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5 1,3 1,14 1,31 1,13 1,22 2 Option 1
8 3.4 3,7 3,77 2,7 3,1 1,2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,6 1,4 1,07 1,23 1,06 1,15 2 Option 2
9 3.4 3,7 3,72 2,2 2,9 1,3 0 0 1,0 1,5 1,3 1,07 1,25 1,08 1,17 2 Option 3
1) One equation represents a format according to eq. (9.10) and two equations a format according to (9.10a) and (9.10b) in ENV 1991-1.

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7,0
6,5
Concrete Beams, ENV-Eurocode
6,0
5,5
Reliability level, b
5,0
4,5
Concrete Beams, environmental action
4,0
Concrete Beams, imposed action
3,5
3,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
n
Figure 4.3-1 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for con-

crete beams designed according to ENV-Eurocodes (Figure 3.1-2)
and the best choice of partial safety factors for W = 4,7
(Figures 3.3-2 and 3.3-3)
7,0
6,5 Concrete Columns, ENV-Eurocode
6,0
5,5
Concrete Columns, environmental action

5,0 Concrete Columns, imposed action
4,5
4,0
3,5
3,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
n
Figure 4.3-2 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for con-

crete columns designed according to ENV-Eurocodes
(Figure 3.1-2) and the best choice of partial safety factors for
W
= 4,7 (Figures 3.3-2 and 3.3-3)

7,0
6,5
6,0
5,5 Steel Beams, ENV-Eurocode

5,0
4,5
Steel Beams, imposed action
4,0 Steel Beams, environmental action
3,5
3,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
n
Figure 4.3-3 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for steel

beams designed according to ENV-Eurocodes (Figure 3.1-2) and
the best choice of partial safety factors for W = 4,7 (Figures 3.3-2
and 3.3-3)
7,0
6,5
6,0
Steel Columns, ENV-Eurocode
5,5
Steel Columns, imposed action

5,0
4,5
4,0
Steel Columns, environmental action

3,5
3,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
n
Figure 4.3-4 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for steel

columns designed according to ENV-Eurocodes (Figure 3.1-2) and
the best choice of partial safety factors for W = 4,7 (Figures 3.3-2
and 3.3-3)

7,0
6,5
6,0
Gluelam Beams, ENV-Eurocode

5,5
5,0
4,5
4,0
Gluelam Beams, environmental action
3,5 Gluelam Beams, imposed action
3,0
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
Figure 4.3-5 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for gluelam

timber beams designed according to ENV-Eurocodes (Figure 3.1-2)
and the best choice of partial safety factors for W = 4,7 (Figures
3.3-2 and 3.3-3)
7,0
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Gluelam Columns, ENV-Eurocode

Gluelam Columns, environmental action
5,0
4,5
Gluelam Columns, imposed action
4,0
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Figure 4.3-6 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for gluelam

timber columns designed according to ENV-Eurocodes (Figure 3.1-
2) and the best choice of partial safety factors for W = 4,7 (Figures
3.3-2 and 3.3-3)
(blank page)

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Table A.1-1 Material parameters for concrete and reinforcement
6WUHQJWK&ODVV IF N F I \N V (V N
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Table A.1-3 Material parameters for gluelam timber
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Table A.2-1 Concrete beam, IF N = 25 MPa, F = 1,5, steel B500B,

IV N = 500 MPa, FV = 1,15 and = 1,0.
* N is the self weight of the beam and * N represents other per-
manent actions.
= 4N (4N + *N + *N )
* N N1P

*N N1P
4N N1P

EPP
GPP
KPP
$PP
Table A.2-2 Welded steel beam, S235, I \ N = 235 MPa, V = 1,1.

* N is the self weight of the beam and * N represents other per-
manent actions.
= 4N (4N + *N + *N )
*N N1P

*N N1P
4N N1P

EPP
KPP
WZPP

GWZ
WIPP

FWI

Table A.2-3 Gluelam timber beam, GL32, IN = 32 MPa, NPRG = 1,0, NK = 1,0 and
JO = 1,3. * N is the self weight of the beam and * N represents
other permanent actions.
= 4N (4N + *N + *N )
*N N1P

*N N1P
4N N1P
n
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KPP
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L 12 G k1 3.6 Qk 6 k 3 n 1.431 γ s 1.1 [ 5.1.1(1)]

b b
t f( b ) t w( b ) h( b ) kb
20 20 n
D( b ) h( b ) 2 t f( b ) Physical web height
d( b) h( b ) 2 t f( b ) Web height when calculating web slenderness.

The same in this case
A w( b ) D( b ) t w( b )A f( b ) b t f( b )
2
t w( b ) .D( b )
W pl( b ) b t f( b ) h( b ) t f( b ) A( b ) A w( b ) 2 A f( b )
4
f sk
f sk 235 fyk for steel S235 f sd b .3 Start value
γ s
2 3
1.35 G k1 A( b ) 76.5 1.5 Q k .L .10
b root f sd W pl( b ) ,b
8
root( ) solves the equation (the part within the brackets left of ",b" =0)
and returns the web width b.
Gk2 = Self-weight of the beam based on the density 76,5 kN/m 3.

b
b = 0.17688 d ( b ) = 0.5129 h( b ) = 0.53063 c c = 0.0884
2
3 3
t f ( b ) = 8.843875 10 t w ( b ) = 6.1802 10
c
= 10 < c/tf =10 ε =10 , for welded section, [class 2 table 5.3.1]
tf ( b )
d( b)
= 82.998 < d(b)/tw=83ε=83, for welded section, [class 2 table 5.3.1]
t w( b )
Gk2 = Self-weight of the beam based on the density 76,5 kN/m 3
G k2 A( b ) 76.5 G k2 = 0.4818 G k G k1 G k2 G k = 4.0818
Qk
ν ν = 0.5951
Gk Qk
3 3 2
t w( b ) .D( b ) b .t f ( b ) D( b ) tf ( b )
4
I( b ) 2. Af ( b ) . I ( b ) = 2.8248 10
12 12 2 2
I( b ) 3 3
W( b) W ( b ) = 1.075476 10 Wpl ( b ) = 1.222747 10
d( b)
t w( b )
2
SLS, check of deformation. Pd is the total load.

4
5 P d .L
Pd Gk Qk P d = 10.0818 Ed 210000 δ
384 E d I ( b )
δ 3 1000 L
δ = 45.8883 mm = 3.824 10 = 261.5045
L 1000 δ

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γ 1.3 [ 2.3.3.2]
Gluelam class: GL32, according to prEN 1194:1995
fk 32 prEN 1194:1995 k h( b ) 1.0 if h( b ) .6

.2
.6
2
otherwise k h( b ) 1.15
b .( h( b ) ) h( b )
W( b)
6
km 1 kmod was chosen to 1,0. A( b ) b h( b ) b 0.2 Start value
2 3
k m fk 1.35 G k1 A( b ) 4.2 1.5 Q k .L .( 10 )
b root W ( b ) . .k ( b )
h ,b
γ 8
b = 0.1362 h( b ) = 0.681 k h( b ) = 1
root( ) solves the equation (the part within the brackets left of ",b" =0)
and returns the width b.
Gk2 = Self-weight of the beam based on the density 4.2 kN/m 3 .
G k2 b h( b ) 4.2 G k2 = 0.3896 G k G k1 G k2 G k = 3.9896
Qk 3
b .h( b )
ν ν = 0.6006 I( b )
Gk Qk 12
SLS, check of deformation, Total load Pd. Pd Gk Qk

4
5 P d .L
P d = 9.9896 Ed 13300 δ δ = 56.5761 mm
384 E d I ( b )
δ 3 1000 L
= 4.7147 10 = 212.1037
L 1000 δ

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Basis of Design of Structures - Modification of Partial Safety Factors 1999 PDF

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Basis of Design of Structures - Modification of Partial Safety Factors 1999 PDF

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NKB Committee and Work Reports

Nordic Committee on Building Regulations, NKB

S A K O; Joint Committee of NKB and INSTA-B

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Figure 2.1-1 Section of a) concrete, b) welded steel and c) gluelam timber

Figure 2.1-2 Section of a) concrete, b) welded steel and c) gluelam timber

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Table 3.1-1 Calculated mean reliability index

          

Figure 3.1-2 Reliability indices as a function of n = 4 N (4N + *N  + *N ) for

1,3 2,3 3,1 3,7 4,2 4,7 5,2

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Figure 3.2-2 Reliability indices as a function of n = 4 N (4N + *N  + *N ) for target

Table 3.2-2 Calibrated partial safety factors 0 for W = 4,7 based on

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Figure 3.3-2 Reliability indices as a function of n = 4 N (4N + *N  + *N ) for cali-

          

Figure 3.3-3 Reliability indices as a function of n = 4 N (4N + *N  + *N ) for cali-

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Table 3.4-1 Partial safety factors g0 calibrated to a target reliability level

          

Environmental action as variable action.

          

Imposed action as variable action.

Figure 3.4-1 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N  + * N ) for op-

          

Environmental action as variable action.

          

Imposed action as variable action.

Figure 3.4-2 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N  + * N ) for

          

Environmental action as variable action.

          

Imposed action as variable action.

Figure 3.4-3 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N  + * N ) for op-

Table 3.4-2 Partial safety factors 0 calibrated to a target reliability level

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Figure 3.4-1 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for op-

Figure 3.4-2 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for

Figure 3.4-3 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for op-

Figure 3.4-4 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) , for op-

Figure 3.4-5 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) , for op-

Figure 3.4-6 Reliability indices as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for op-

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Figure 4.3-1 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for con-

Figure 4.3-2 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for con-

Figure 4.3-3 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for steel

Figure 4.3-4 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for steel

Figure 4.3-5 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for gluelam

Figure 4.3-6 Reliability level as a function of = 4 N (4 N + * N + * N ) for gluelam

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