Network Evolution

Towards 5G

ubtitle

Dr Peter Olanders,
Ericsson
Last week in Barcelona

“Huawei and Qualcomm differ on 5G”

5G Rev A speakers notes | Commercial in confidence | , Rev | 2014-06-09 | Page 2

 content
› History
› 5G – applications and
expectations
› General trends
› Radio Access Networks
› Radio aspects
› Summary

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 3

 History

ubtitle
 Wireless systems
50 B connections
by 2020

Mobile telephony
mobile mobile
International roaming
mobile telephony phone +data internet Networked
volume of scale
national / regional broadband society

FDMA TDMA CDMA OFDMA xDMA?

PSTN ISDN ATM TCP/IP ?
1981 1991 ~ 2001 ~ 2011 ~ Well …

5G: evolution of existing standards + complementary new technologies

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 5
in-between generations

› 2G GSM
– GPRS, merging the capacity of two (++) separate time slots
– EDGE, increasing modulation resulting in higher data rates
– These two moved GSM into 3G, but – alas – too late!
– GSM MC
› 3G WCDMA
– HSDPA (DL 14 ++ Mb/s)
HSPA
– HSUPA (UL 5.8 ++ Mb/s)
– Evolved HSPA / HSPA+: 337 Mb/s DL, 34 Mb/s UL
– WCDMA MC
› 4G LTE
– LTE-A, x10 data rate
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 6
Data rate has been a driver
2. GSM ~10 kbps  64 kbps 1000x in 10 years
3. WCDMA 64kbps, 384 kbps, 2 Mbps total cost slightly
– HSPA: up to ~ 15 Mbps
4. LTE 100 Mbps
– LTE-A up to 1 Gbps (nomadic)
1000x in 10 years
5. 5G ? total cost slightly
– 10 Gbps “hot spots”
– 100 Mbps “everywhere”

=> price/bit decreased

106 x over 20 years.

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 7

Mobile phone more than a
phone without wire

› 1G freed us of the wire – always reachable

› 2G  mass market – for everyone (nearly)

› 3G start of mobile internet, and

› Smartphones!

› 4G high data rates

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 5G – applications and expectations

ubtitle

Note: there are no decisions or agreements on

5G yet. Just speculations …
 5G Use case examples

Broadband experience Massive Machine Mass market Critical Machine

everywhere anytime Type Communication personalized TV Type Communication

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 10

 Machine Type Communication

Low cost
Ultra reliable
Low energy
TEXT
Small data volumes
Very low latency
Very high
Massive numbers
Massive MTC availability Critical MTC

… …
“Tactile
Traffic safety Smart Industrial
Internet”
Sensors, actuators Smart buildings Capillary networks & control grid application

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 11

5G Key challenges

Massive growth in Massive growth in Wide range of

Requirements &
Traffic Volume Connected Devices Characteristics
• Data rates
• Latency
• Reliability /
availability
• Device cost and
energy
consumption
• Security..

Affordable and sustainable

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 12

Evolution Towards 2020
1000x
Mobile Data 10x-100x
Volumes Connected 5x
Lower
Devices Latency
10x-100x
End-user Data
Rates

10x
2
G
3 4 5 Battery Life for
Low Power
G G Devices
G
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 13
Source: METIS
 5G timeplan

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Evaluation
WRC-15 WRC-19
Vision, feasibility Requirements WS Proposals Specs

Inital Final Initial

requirements requirements submission Stage Stage 3
2 or TR

Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel

5G SI(s) 5G WI(s) 5G evo

METIS 5G PPP 5G PPP phase 2

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Some general trends

› Generalize & virtualize hardware

› Cloud, and specifically C-RAN
› Main-remote
› Advanced antennas, active antennas, beamforming, CoMP

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Generalize & virtualize hardware

› Software Defined Radio, SDR: a radio that has some

flexibility built in, controlled by sw.
› Cognitive Radio, CR: The radio becomes self-aware,
responding on its (radio) environment. Great hopes for
White Space – not met unfortunately.
› Software Defined Networking, SDN: de-coupling of data
and control planes … (this is a new thing )
› Network Functions Virtualization, NFV: network arch
with virtualization of networks nodes.

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Main – Remote ++
Main - Remote

Traditional RBS
N R Mast
B
W F mount
N R B
B K Front E
W F haul
B
K E RU
DU
AIR
Traditional RBS AIR

fronthaul
AIR
backhaul Big
DU
AIR

C-RAN Antenna Integrated

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 17 Radio
 Antennas are getting advanced

Traditional 3- Multiple Input, Multiple Output Beamforming

sector antennas, Element dist > λ Element dist < λ
multiband

active ues in
subframe n+N
Cooperative Multi-Point, CoMP.
Requirements on cell sync &
scheduling

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 Radio Access Networks

ubtitle
Some history?

1G – NMT
2G – GSM
Small scale system,
integrated functionality BS and controller levels
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Open architecture
3G – WCDMA ….

Still 2 level RAN. Separate voice and data tracks, MSC remains
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4G – LTE

Base station Controller level skipped.

No voice channel!
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 22
5G Vision architecture

SDN, NFV, …
(FMC) …

Base
Station

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 Radio Base Station

Backhaul: ethernet, fibre, µ-wave

Is this a new Central office /Digital Unit

node level?
Signal processing /BB ? / ctrl / coord
midhaul

Fronthaul: fibre, µ-wave

Radio Unit Many RATs

Partitioning
DU/RU? Macro – Micro – Pico – Nano
----- out-door ------ rather analog
Some are -- in-door --
integrated
Antennas SiSo, MiMo, BF, MaMiMo, CoMP
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Revival of old arch?
fronthaul backhaul

DU? Cloud?
No, not really!
• Fronthaul is very demanding
• BER 10-12
• Latency 10-50 µsec

RRU • Jitter < 10 nsec

• 10-25-50(?) Gb/s

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 Fronthaul, midhaul & Backhaul

Remote radio Network

Fronthaul Basestation Backhaul
site controller /
site
gateway site
RRU - DU eNB -> up
SGW, MME
RRU Macro eNB

Midhaul Backhaul
eNB -- eNB eNB -> up

Small cell
site

Pico eNB

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 26

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 27
Sync?
› Former mobile systems had sync mainly for frequency
sync, maybe for special applications as positioning.
› Sync in 5G also for new features
– TDD
– Coordination
Cell 1
– Advanced radio schemes as CoMP, Beamforming Cell 2
UE2
– New fronthaul?
UE1

› Sync may also be needed for new

services as
– Power grid
– ITS
– MTC
› < µsec, maybe 10-100 nsec.
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 Radio Aspects

ubtitle

Squeezing 1-10 Gb/s user data rate from radio

 How to increase Traffic Capacity

System
efficiency
Traffic
capacity =
Available
spectrum
 No of
density
 efficiency
Network Spectrum
streams

Spectrum efficiency
Interference rejection
Higher order modulation

New Spectrum TX TX

Carrier Aggregation
More MIMO streams
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 30
Mobile Spectrum
Spectrum : Prime operator asset Spectrum Migration Example
900 1800 2100
AWS-3 auction, with bids passing $43.7B
(FierceWireless | December 15, 2014 )

Dish could generate $10B per year from GSM

wholesaling its spectrum, analysts say HSPA
LTE
800 900 1800 2100
› Fragmented Spectrum Allocations
– Lack of global harmonization
– More than 40 3GPP Bands defined › Minimize site impact
– Amount of antennas
› Spectrum Migration in progress – Footprint
– Refarming 2G to 3G to 4G
– Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) support
spectrum migration Multi-band Antennas L/H
Multi-band MSR L/H
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 31
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 32
5G Radio Access
Many new
evolution concepts

LTE evolution interworking LTE X µ-wave

Backwards New RAT BF
compatible
new RAT?
Possible migration into
existing spectrum

Existing New
spectrum spectrum

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 33

Micro - / Millimeter – wave RBS
Propagation Issues

Beam forming
› Higher frequency bands
– More challenging link budget BF with many
– Short wavelength  many antenna elements elements

› Beam forming for improving link budget

› MU-MIMO / Massive MIMO for higher capacity

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Beamforming
› Form factor not an obstacle at mw
› High antenna gain is necessary to
defeat high damping at mw
› Active antenna array, integrated
solution

› Low interference
› Increases radio range and capacity
› Frequency re-use

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Massive (multi user)MiMo
- MuMaMiMo?
› increased data rate, the more antennas, the more
independent data streams can be sent out and the more
terminals can be served simultaneously;
› enhanced reliability, the more antennas the more
distinct paths that the radio signal can propagate over;
› improved energy efficiency, the base station can
focus its emitted energy into the spatial directions where it
knows that the terminals are located; and
› reduced interference because the base station can
purposely avoid transmitting into directions where spreading
interference would be harmful.

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 36

Baking the antenna cake

Antenna array ele-

ments integrated in
a multilayer
structure.
From FP-7 FLEXWIN

Power dissipation
budget! Antenna array ele-
ments fed by rf FE
modules behind the
array.
Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 37
mm-wave beamforming antenna?

10-15 cm

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Summary
› 5G – no decisions yet!
› Launch expected 2021, or earlier
› Application space will be greatly expanded
– encompassing nearly everything!  Networked Society!
› Resulting in high requirements (x10 – x1000 )
 new architectures
› Likely to use many of the generalized concepts
– SDR, CR, SDN, NFV, …
› Centralizing and de-centralizing
› Advanced antenna concepts – BF, MiMo, CoMP and more

› Mainly evolution,

Network Evolution Towards 5G | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-02-13 | Page 39