MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

MAHALAKSHMI
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
TIRUCHIRAPALLI – 621213

QUESTION BANK - ANSWERS

SEMESTER: III
MA 2211 - TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
UNIT – IV APPLICATIONS OF PDE

PART-A
Problem : 1  AUC N / D 2009
 2u u
Classify the partial differential equation 4 2 
x t
Solution :
 2 u u
Given 4 
x 2 t
4uxx  ut  0
Au xx  Buxy  Cu yy  Du x  Eu y  Fu  0
Here A  4, B  0, C  0
B 2  4 AC  0
 The given equation is parabolic
Problem : 2  AUC N / D 2009
Write down all possible solutions of one dimensional wave equation
Solution :
y ( x, t )   A1e px  A2e  px  A3e pat  A4e pat 
y ( x, t )   A5 cos px  A6 sin px  A7 cos pct  A8 sin pct 
y ( x, t )   A9 x  A10   A11t  A12 
Problem : 3  AUC N / D 2010
Write down all possible solutions of one dimensional heat equation
Solution :
2 2
u ( x, t )   A1e px  B1e  px  C1e p t

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
2
p 2t
u ( x, t )   A2 cos px  B2 sin px  C2e 
u ( x, t )   A3 x  B3  C3
Problem : 4  AUC N / D 2010, A / M 2011
Write all three possible solutions of steady state two  dimensional heat equation.
Solution :
u ( x, y )   Ae px  Be  px   C cos py  D sin py 
u ( x, y )   E cos px  F sin px   Ge py  He py 
u ( x, y )   Ix  J  Ky  L 
Problem : 5  AUC N / D 2011
2 y 2
2  y
In the wave equation 2
c 2
what does c 2 stands for?
t x
Solution :
T Tension
c2  
M Mass per unit length of the string
Problem : 6  AUC N / D 2011, N / D 2012 
A plate is bounded by the lines x  0 , y  0, x  l and y  l. Its faces are insulated.
The edge coinsiding with x  axis is kept at 100C.The edge coinciding with y  axis
is kept at 50 C.The other two edges are kept at 0 C , write the boundary conditions
that are needed for solving two dimen  sional heat flow equation.
Solution :
(i ). u ( x, 0)  100 C , 0  x  l
(ii ). u (0, y )  50 C , 0 yl

(iii ). u ( x, l )  0 C , 0 xl
(iv ). u (l , y )  0 C , 0 yl
Problem : 7  AUC N / D 2012
An insulated rod of length 60 cm has its ends at A and B maintained at 20C
and 800C respectively.Find the steady state solution of the rod.
Solution :
d 2u
Heat equation in steady state is 0
dx 2
Integrating we get u ( x )  ax  b.....(1)
when x  0 , we get
u (0)  a(0)  b  20  b  20
when x  60, we get, u (60)  a (60)  b  80
60a  20  80  a  1

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

Problem : 8  AUC A / M 2010

A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x  0 and x  l is initially in a
x
position given by y( x, 0)  y0 sin 3   .If it is released from rest in this position
 l 
write the boundary conditions.
Solution :
The boundary conditions are
(i ). y (0, t)  0  t  0
(ii ). y (l , t )  0  t  0
y ( x, 0)
(iii ). 0
t
x 
(iv ). y ( x, 0)  f ( x)  y0 sin 3  
 l 
Problem : 9  AUC A / M 2011
A rod is 40cm long with insulated sides has its ends A and B are kept at
200 C and 600 C respectively.Find the steady state temperature at a location
15cm from A.
Solution :
ba 
u ( x)    x  a , 0  x  40
 l 
 60  20 
  x  20, 0  x  40
 40 
 x  20, 0  x  40
at x  15 , u (15)  15  20  35
Problem : 10  AUC A / M 2012
What is the basic difference between the solutions of one dimensional wave equation
and one dimensional heat equation with respect to the time?
Solution :
One dimensional wave one dimensional heat
equation equation
2 y 2
2  y u  2u
 a 2 2
t 2 x 2 t x
1. It is classified as hyperbolic pde It is classified as parabolic p.d.e
2 2
2. y ( x, t )   A cos px  B sin px  C cos pct  D sin pct  u ( x, t )   A cos px  B sin px  e  p  t

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

PART B
Problem : 1  AUC M / J 2013
A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x  0 and x  l
is initially at rest in its equilibrium position.If it is vibrating by
giving to each of its points a velocity  x(l - x), find y ( x, t ).
Solution :
From the given problem , we get the following boundary conditions
(i ). y (0, t )  0 t  0
(ii ). y (l , t )  0t  0
(iii ). y ( x, 0)  0

(iv ). y ( x, 0)   (lx  x 2 )
t
The suitable solution is given by
y ( x, t )  ( A cos px  B sin px)(C cos pct  D sin pct )..................(1)
Use (i) in (1) we get
y (0, t )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
A(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
C cos pct  D sin pct  0 (since t  0) this implies A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
y ( x, t )  B sin px (C cos pct  D sin pct ).................(2).
Use (ii) in (2) we get
y (l , t )  0
B sin pl (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
B  0 (since if B  0 then y ( x, t )  0), (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
This implies sin pl  0  sin n
pl  n
n
p
l
n
Put p  in (2) we get
l
n x n ct n ct
y ( x, t )  B sin (C cos  D sin ).................(3).
l l l
n x
y ( x, 0)  0  B sin (C cos 0  D sin 0)  0
l
n x
BC sin 0
l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
n x
B  0, sin 0 C0
l
Put C  0 in (3) we get
n x n ct
y ( x, t )  BD sin sin
l l

n x n ct
y ( x, t )   bn sin sin  (4) where bn  BD
n 1 l l
y ( x, t )  n x n ct  n c 
  bn sin cos  
t n 1 l l  l 

y ( x, t ) n x  n c 
  (lx  x 2 )   bn sin cos 0     (lx  x 2 )
t n 1 l  l 

n x  n c  2
b
n 1
n sin 
l  l 
   (lx  x )

n x  n c 
B n sin   (lx  x 2 )  f ( x) where Bn  bn  
n 1 l  l 
l l
2 n x 2 n x
Bn   f ( x) sin dx    (lx  x 2 ) sin dx
l 0 l l 0 l
l
2 n x
  (lx  x 2 ) sin dx
l 0 l
l
  n x   n x   n x 
 cos  sin cos
2   l  
  
l   (2)  l 

 (lx  x 2 )    (l  2 x )  2 2   3 3 
l   n   n   n  
  l   l 2

  l 3  0
l
2  l n x 2 2l 3 n x 
  cos (lx  x )  cos
l  n l 3 3
n l  0
2   l n l 2 2 2l 3 n l   l 2l 3 
  cos (l  l )  3 3
cos 
  cos 0(0)  3 3
cos 0 
l   n l n l   n n 
2   2l 3   2l 3 
  0  cos n 
  0  3 3 
l   n3 3   n  
2   2l 3   2l 3 
  0  cos n 
  0  3 3 
l   n3 3   n  
2  2l 3 n 2l 3  2 2l 3
  3 3
( 1)  3 3
 3 3 
 (1) n  1
l n  n  l n
4 l 2
 3 3  (1) n  1
n

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
2
4 l
 1  (1)n 
n 3 3 
8 l 2 
3 3
, if n is odd 
n  ...................(5)
 0, if n is even 
8 l 2  n c  8l
2
Bn  ( i.e ) bn   
n3 3  l  n
3 3

8 l 2 l 8 l 3
bn   
n3 3 n c n 4 4c

n x n ct
y ( x, t )   bn sin sin
n 1 l l

8 l 3 n x n ct
y ( x, t )   4 4
n  odd n  c
sin
l
sin
l

8 l 3 (2n  1) x (2n  1) ct
 4 4
sin sin
n 1 (2 n  1)  c l l
Problem : 2  AUC M / J 2011, N / D 2011
A string is stretched and fastened to two points x  0 and x  l
apart.Motion is started by displacing the string into the form
y  k (lx - x 2 ) from which it is released at time t  0.Find the
displacement of any point on the string at a distance of x from
one end at time t.
Solution :
2 y 2
2  y
The wave equation is  a .
t 2 x 2
From the given problem , we get the following boundary conditions
(i ). y (0, t )  0 t  0
(ii ). y (l , t )  0t  0

(iii ). y ( x, 0)  0
t
(iv ). y ( x, 0)  k (lx  x 2 )
The suitable solution is given by
y ( x, t )  ( A cos px  B sin px)(C cos pct  D sin pct )..................(1)
Use (i) in (1) we get
y (0, t )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
A(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
C cos pct  D sin pct  0 (since t  0) this implies A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
y ( x, t )  B sin px (C cos pct  D sin pct ).................(2)
Use (ii ) in (2) we get
y (l , t )  0
B sin pl (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
B  0 (since if B  0 then y ( x, t )  0), (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
This implies sin pl  0  sin n
n
pl  n  p 
l
n
Put p  in (2) we get
l
n x n ct n ct
y ( x, t )  B sin (C cos  D sin ).................(3).
l l l
 n x   n ct  n c   n ct  n c  
y ( x, t )  B sin C  sin     D cos  
t l   l  l  l  l 

y ( x, 0)  0 implies
t
n x   n c  
B sin  D cos o    0
l   l 
n x  n c 
BD sin  0
l  l 
n x  n c 
sin  0 since it is defined for x  ,    0, B  0
l  l 
This implies D  0
Put D  0 in (3) we get
n x n ct
y ( x, t )  BC sin cos
l l

n x n ct
The most general solution is y ( x, t )   bn sin cos .............(4).
n 1 l l
Use (iv ) in (4) we get
y ( x, 0)  k (lx  x 2 )

n x
b n sin k (lx  x 2 )  f ( x )
n 1 l
l
2 n x
bn   f ( x ) sin dx
l 0 l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
l l
2 n x 2k n x
  k (lx  x 2 ) sin dx   (lx  x 2 ) sin dx.
l 0 l l 0 l
l
  n x   n x   n x 
  cos  sin cos 

2k 
(lx  x 2 )  l   (l  2 x )  l   (2)  l 
n   2 2   3 3 
l     n   n  
  l   l 2
  l 3  0
l
2k  l n x 2 2l 3 n x 
  cos ( lx  x )  cos
l  n l 3 3
n l  0
2k   l n l 2 2 2l 3 n l   l 2l 3 
  cos ( l  l )  3 3
cos 
  cos 0(0)  3 3
cos 0
l   n l n l   n n 
2k   2l 3   2l 3 
  0  cos n 
  0  3 3 
l   n3 3   n  
2k   2l 3   2l 3 
  0  cos n 
  0  3 3 
l   n3 3   n  
2k  2l 3 n 2l 3  2k 2l 3
 ( 1)    (1)n  1
l  n3 3 n3 3  l n3 3 
4kl 2 n 4kl 2
 3 3 
 (  1)  1
  3 3 
1  (1) n 
n n
2
8kl 
3 3
, if n is odd 
n  ...................(5)
 0, if n is even 
Use (5) in (4) we get

8kl 2 n x n ct
y ( x, t )   3 3 sin cos .
n  odd n  l l

8kl 2 (2n  1) x (2n  1) ct
 3 3
sin cos
n 1 (2 n  1)  l l

Problem : 3  AUC M / J 2010

A string is tightly stretched and its ends are fastened at two points x  0
and x  l .The midpoint of the string is displaced transversely through
a small distance ' h ' and the string is released from rest in that position.
Find the transverse displacement of the string at any time during the
subseqent motion.
Solution :

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
Equation of OA
l 
O(0, 0) , A  , h 
2 
y  y1 x  x1 y0 x0
  
y2  y1 x2  x1 h0 l 0
2
y 2x

h l
2hx l
y , in o  x 
l 2
Equation of AB
l 
A  , h  , B(l , 0)
2 
l
x
y  y1 x  x1 yh 2.
  
y2  y1 x2  x1 0h l  l
2
2x  l
yh y  h 2x  l
 2   .
h l h l
2
2hx  hl 2hx  hl  hl 2hx  2hl
y h y   .
l l l
2h l
y  l  x  in  x  l
l 2

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
The boundary conditions are
(i ). y (0, t )  0 t  0
(ii ). y (l , t )  0t  0

(iii ). y ( x, 0)  0
t
 2hx l
 l , in 0  x 
2
(iv ). y ( x, 0)  
 2 h (l  x ) l
, in  x  l
 l 2
The suitable solution is given by
y ( x, t )  ( A cos px  B sin px)(C cos pct  D sin pct )..................(1)
Use (i) in (1) we get
y (0, t )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
A(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
C cos pct  D sin pct  0 (since t  0) this implies A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
y ( x, t )  B sin px(C cos pct  D sin pct ).................(2).
Use (ii ) in (2) we get
y (l , t )  0
B sin pl (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
B  0 (since if B  0 then y ( x, t )  0), (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
This implies sin pl  0  sin n
pl  n
n
p
l
n
Put p  in (2) we get
l
n x n ct n ct
y ( x, t )  B sin (C cos  D sin ).................(3).
l l l
 n x   n ct  n c   n ct  n c  
y ( x, t )  B sin C  sin     D cos  
t l   l  l  l  l 

y ( x, 0)  0 implies
t
n x   n c  
B sin  D cos o    0
l   l 

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
n x  n c 
BD sin 0
l  l 
n x  n c 
sin  0 since it is defined for x  ,    0, B  0
l  l 
This implies D  0
Put D  0 in (3) we get
n x n ct
y ( x, t )  BC sin cos
l l

n x n ct
The most general solution is y ( x, t )   bn sin cos .............(4).
n 1 l l
Use (iv) in (4) we get
y ( x, 0)  f ( x)
 2hx l
  l , in 0  x 
n x 2
 bn sin  f ( x)  
n 1 2l  2h(l  x ) , in
l
 xl
 l 2
l
 2l l

2 n x 2  2hx n x 2hx (l  x ) n x 
bn   f ( x) sin dx    sin dx   sin dx 
l 0 l l 0 l l l l l
 2

4h
 2  I1  I 2 .............(*)
l
l
l   n x   n x  2

   cos   sin 
l 
2
n x l  
I1   x sin dx   x    (1)  
0
l   n   n
2 2

  l   l 2
 0
l
 l2 n x l n x  2
  2 2 sin  x cos
n  l n l  0
 l 2 n l2 n   l2 n l2 n
  2 2 sin  cos    0    2 2
sin  cos
 n  2 2n 2   n 2 2n 2
l2 n l2 n
similarly I 2  2 2 sin  cos
n 2 2n 2
2
2l n
I1  I 2  2 2 sin
n 2
4h 4h 2l 2 n
bn  2  I1  I 2   2 2 2 sin .
l l n 2

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
8h n
 2 2
sin
n 2

n x n ct
y ( x, t )   bn sin cos
n 1 l l

8h n n x n ct
y ( x, t )   2 2
sin sin cos .
n 1 n  2 l l
Problem : 4 :  AUC N / D 2012
A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x  0 and x  l is initially
x
at rest in a position is given by y  y0 sin 3   .If it is released from rest
 l 
from this position , find y ( x, t ).
Solution :
2 y 2
2  y
The wave equation is  a .
t 2 x 2
From the given problem , we get the following boundary conditions
(i ). y (0, t )  0 t  0
(ii ). y (l , t )  0t  0

(iii ). y ( x, 0)  0
t
x 
(iv ). y ( x, 0)  y0 sin 3  
 l 
The suitable solution is given by
y ( x, t )  ( A cos px  B sin px)(C cos pct  D sin pct )..................(1)
Use (i) in (1) we get
y (0, t )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
A(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
C cos pct  D sin pct  0 (since t  0) this implies A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
y ( x, t )  B sin px(C cos pct  D sin pct ).................(2).
Use (ii ) in (2) we get y (l , t )  0
B sin pl (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
B  0 (since if B  0 then y ( x, t )  0), (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
This implies sin pl  0  sin n
n
pl  n  p 
l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
n
Put p  in (2) we get
l
n x n ct n ct
y ( x, t )  B sin (C cos  D sin ).................(3).
l l l
 n x   n ct  n c   n ct  n c  
y ( x, t )  B sin C  sin     D cos  
t l   l  l  l  l 

y ( x, 0)  0 implies
t
n x   n c  
B sin  D cos o    0
l   l 
n x  n c 
BD sin  0
l  l 
n x  n c 
sin  0 since it is defined for x  ,    0, B  0
l  l 
This implies D  0
Put D  0 in (3) we get
n x n ct
y ( x, t )  BC sin cos .
l l

n x n ct
The most general solution is y ( x, t )   bn sin cos .............(4).
n 1 l l
Use (iv ) in (4) we get
y ( x, 0)  k (lx  x 2 )

n x  x 
b n sin  y0 sin 3  
n 1 l  l 
x 2 x 3 x 3y  x y0 3 x
b1 sin  b2 sin  b3 sin    0 sin  sin
l l l 4 l 4 l
Equating the coefficient of sin terms both sides we get
3 y0 y
b1  , b2  0, b3   0 , b4  b5    0
4 4

n x n ct
y ( x, t )   bn sin cos
n 1 l l
x  ct 3 x 3 ct
 b1 sin cos  b3 sin cos
l l l l
3 y0 x  ct y0 3 x 3 ct
 sin cos  sin cos
4 l l 4 l l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
Problem : 5  AUC N / D 2010
A string is tightly stretched and its ends are fastened at two points x  0
and x  2l .The midpoint of the string is displaced transversely through
a small distance ' b ' and the string is released from rest in that position.
Find the transverse displacement of the string at any time during the
subseqent motion.
Solution :

Equation of OA
O(0, 0) , A(l , h)
y  y1 x  x1 y0 x0
  
y2  y1 x2  x1 h0 l 0
y x

h l
hx
y  , in o  x  l
l
Equation of AB
A(l , h), B (2l , 0)
y  y1 x  x1 y h xl
  
y2  y1 x2  x1 0  h 2l  l
y h xl  hx  hl
  yh
h l l
 hx  hl  hx  hl  hl hx  2hl
y h y  
l l l
h(2l  x)
y , in l  x  2l
l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
The boundary conditions are
(i ). y (0, t )  0 t  0
(ii ). y (2l , t )  0t  0

(iii ). y ( x, 0)  0
t
 hx
 l , in o  x  l
(iv ). y ( x, 0)  
 h(2l  x ) , in l  x  2l
 l
The suitable solution is given by
y ( x, t )  ( A cos px  B sin px)(C cos pct  D sin pct )..................(1)
Use (i) in (1) we get
y (0, t )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
A(C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
C cos pct  D sin pct  0 (since t  0) this implies A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
y ( x, t )  B sin px(C cos pct  D sin pct ).................(2).
Use (ii ) in (2) we get
y (2l , t )  0
B sin 2 pl (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
B  0 (since if B  0 then y ( x, t )  0), (C cos pct  D sin pct )  0
This implies sin 2 pl  0  sin n
n
2 pl  n  p 
2l
n
Put p  in (2) we get
2l
n x n ct n ct
y ( x, t )  B sin (C cos  D sin ).................(3).
2l 2l 2l
 n x   n ct  n c   n ct  n c  
y ( x, t )  B sin C  sin     D cos  
t 2l   2l  2l   2l  2l  

y ( x, 0)  0 implies
t
n x   n c  
B sin
2l   D cos o    0
 2l  
n x  n c 
BD sin  0
2l  2l 

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
n x  n c 
sin  0 since it is defined for x  ,    0, B  0
2l  2l 
This implies D  0
Put D  0 in (3) we get
n x n ct
y ( x, t )  BC sin cos .
2l 2l

n x n ct
The most general solution is y( x, t )   bn sin cos .............(4).
n 1 2l 2l
Use (iv ) in (4) we get
y ( x, 0)  f ( x )
 hx
  l , in o  x  l
n x
 bn sin  f ( x)  
n 1 2l  h(2l  x) , in l  x  2l
 l
l 2l
2 n x 2 n x
bn   f ( x ) sin dx   f ( x) sin dx
l 0 l 2l 0
2l
l 2l
1  hx n x h(2l  x) n x 
   sin dx   sin dx 
l 0 l 2l l
l 2l 
l 2l
h n x n x 
 2   x sin dx   (2l  x )sin dx 
l 0 2l l
2l 
h
 2  I1  I 2  ...........(*)
l
l
  n x   n x 
l   cos   sin 
I1   x sin
n x 
dx   x 

2l  (1)  2l 
n   2 2 
0 2l     n 
  2l   4l 2
 0
l
 4l 2 n x 2l n x   4l 2 n 2l 2 n  
  2 2 sin  x cos    2 2 sin  cos 
n  2l n 2l  0  n  2 n 2 
2l
n x
I 2   (2l  x) sin dx
l 2l
2l
  n x   n x 
  cos   sin 

  (2l  x)  2l   (1)  2l 
n   2 2 
    n 
  2l   4l 2  l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
2l
 n x 
 2l 4l 2 sin
 (2l  x ) cos
n x
 2l 
2 2 
 n 2l n 
 l
  2 n 2 n 
  2l cos 2 4l sin 2   2l 2 n 4l 2 n
  0       cos  2 2 sin
  n n 2 2   n 2 n 2
   
4l 2 n 2l 2 n 2l 2 n 4l 2 n
I1  I 2 
2 2
sin  cos  cos  2 2
sin
n 2 n 2 n 2 n 2
2
h  8l n  8h n
(*)  bn  2  2 2 sin   2 2 sin
l n  2  n 2

n x n ct
Now y ( x, t )   bn sin cos
n 1 2l 2l

8h n n x n ct
  2 2 sin sin cos
n 1 n  2 2l 2l
8h  1 n n x n ct
 2  2 sin sin cos
 n 1 n 2 2l 2l

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MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

PROBLEMS UNDER INFINITE PLATES

TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT FLOW EQUATIONS
The Suitable solutions are
1. u ( x, y )  ( A cos px  B sin px )(Ce py  De  py ) if y  0 is a short edge
2. u ( x, y )  ( Ae px  Be  px )(C cos py  D sin py ) if x  0 is a short edge
Problem : 6 :
A long rectangular plate has its surfaces insulated and the two long
sides and one of the short sides are maintained at 00 C . Find an
expression for the steady state temperature u ( x, y ) if the short
side y  0 is  cm long and is kept at u0 0C.
Solution :

Solution:
The Boundary conditions are
(i ). u (0, y )  0
(ii ). u ( , y )  0
(iii ).u ( x, )  0
(iv ). u ( x, 0)  u0 0C
The suitable solution is

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MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

u ( x, y )  ( A cos px  B sin px )(Ce py  De py )  (1)

Use (i ) in (1) we get
u (0, y )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(Ce py  De  py )  0
(i.e) A(Ce py  De  py )  0
(Ce py  De  py )  0  since it is defined for y   A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
u ( x, y )  B sin px(Ce py  De py )  (2).
Use (ii ) in (2) we get
u ( , y )  0
 B sin p (Ce py  De  py )  0
B  0, (Ce py  De  py )  0,  sin p  0  sin n
 pn
Put p  n in (2) we get
u ( x, y )  B sin nx (Ce ny  De  ny )  (3).
Use (iii) in (3) we get
u ( x, )  0
B sin nx(Ce   De )  0
(i.e) B sin nx(C   D0)  0
B  0, sin nx,   0  C  0
Put C  0 in (3) we get
u ( x, y )  BD sin nx e  ny  (3).
The most general solution is

u ( x, y )   bn sin nx e  ny (4)
n 1

Use (iv ) in (4) we get

u ( x, 0)  u0

(i.e).  bn sin nx e 0  u0
n 1

(i.e). bn sin nx  u0  f ( x ).
n 1
 
2 2
where bn   f ( x) sin nxdx  u0 sin nxdx.
 0
 0

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MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY


2u0  2u   cos nx 
  sin nxdx  0 
 0   n  0
2u0
  cos n  cos 0
n
2u0
  (1) n  1
n 
2u
 0 1  (1) n 
n
 4u0
 , if ' n ' is odd
bn   n
0 , if ' n ' is even
Now (4) implies

4u0
u ( x, y )   sin nx e  ny .
n 1 n

4u 1
 0  sin nx e  ny .
 n odd n
Problem : 7 :
An infinitely long rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10cm wide.
The two long sides as well as one of the short sides are maintained at 0 0C , while
the other short side x  0 is kept at temperature given by
20 y , 0 y5
u
20(10  y ), 5  y  10
Find the steady state temperature distribution in the plate .
Solution :

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MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

The boundary conditions are

(i ). u ( x, 0)  0
(ii ). u ( x,10)  0
(iii ).u (, y )  0
20 y , 0 y5
(iv ).u (0, y )  
20(10  y ), 5  y  10
The suitable solution is
u ( x, y )  ( Ae px  Be  px )(C cos py  D sin py )................(1)
Use (i ) in (1) we get
u ( x, 0)  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px )(C cos 0  D sin 0)  0
 C ( Ae px  Be px )  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px )  0  C  0
Put C  0 in (1) we get
u ( x, y )  ( Ae px  Be  px ) D sin py................(2)
Use (ii) in (2) we get
u ( x,10)  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px ) D sin10 p  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px )  0 , D  0,
 sin10 p  0  sin n
n
 p
10
Now (2) implies
n x n x
 n y
u ( x, y )  ( Ae 10  Be 10
) D sin ................(3)
10
Use (iii) in (3) we get
u (, y )  0
n y
 ( Ae  Be  ) D sin 0
10
n y
 ( A  0) D sin 0  A0
10
n x
 n y
u ( x, y )  BDe 10 sin
10

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY

The most general solution is

 n x
n y

u ( x, y )   bne 10
sin
..............(4)
n 1 10
Use (iii ) in (3) we get
20 y , 0 y5
u (0, y )  
20(10  y ), 5  y  10

0n y 20 y , 0 y5
(i.e). b e
n 1
n 
sin
10 20(10  y ), 5  y  10

n y 20 y , 0 y5
(i.e).  bn sin   f ( y)
n 1 10 20(10  y ), 5  y  10
2l n y 2 10 n y
Now bn   f ( y ) sin dy.   f ( y ) sin dy
l 0 l 10 0 10
5 10
1 n y n y 
   20 y sin dy   20(10  y ) sin dy 
5 0 10 5 10 
5 n y 10
n y 
 4   y sin dy   (10  y ) sin dy 
0 10 5
10 
 4  I1  I 2  .
5
  n y   n y 
5   cos   sin 
Now I1   y sin
n y 
dy   y 

10  (1)  10 
n   2 2 
0 10     n 
  10   100  0
5
 100 n y 10 n y 
  2 2 sin  y cos
n  10 n 10  0
 100 n 50 n  
  2 2 sin  cos   (0) 
 n  2 n 2  
100 n 50 n
I1  2 2 sin  cos
n 2 n 2
100 n 50 n
similarly I 2  2 2 sin  cos
n 2 n 2
200 n
I1  I 2  2 2 sin
n 2
800 n
bn  4  I1  I 2   2 2 sin
n 2
n x
  n y  800 n  n10 x n y
u ( x, y )   bne 10 sin   2 2 sin e sin .
n 1 10 n 1 n  2 10

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
Problem : 8 :  AUC M / J 2012
A long rectangular plate with insulated surface is lcm wide.If the temperature along one
short edge y  0 is u ( x, 0)  k (lx  x 2 ) degrees, for 0  x  l , while the other two long
edges x  0 and x  l as well as the other short edge are kept at 0 0 Cfind the steady state
temperature function u ( x, y).
Solution :
The Boundary conditions are
(i ). u (0, y )  0
(ii ). u (l , y )  0
(iii ). u ( x, )  0
(iv ). u ( x, 0)  k (lx  x 2 )

u ( x, y )  ( A cos px  B sin px)(Ce py  De  py )  (1)

Use (i ) in (1) we get
u (0, y )  0
( A cos 0  B sin 0)(Ce py  De py )  0
(i.e) A(Ce py  De  py )  0
(Ce py  De  py )  0  since it is defined for y   A  0
Put A  0 in (1) we get
u ( x, y )  B sin px(Ce py  De  py )   (2).
Use (ii) in (2) we get
u (l , y )  0
 B sin pl (Ce py  De  py )  0
B  0, (Ce py  De  py )  0,  sin pl  0  sin n
n
 p
l

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
n
Put p  in (2) we get
l
n y n y
n x 
u ( x, y )  B sin (Ce l  De l )  (3).
l
Use (iii ) in (3) we get
u ( x, )  0
n x
B sin (Ce   De  )  0
l
n x
(i.e) B sin (C   D0)  0
l
n x
B  0, sin  0,   0  C  0
l
Put C  0 in (3) we get
n y
n x  l
u ( x, y )  BD sin e  (3).
l
The most general solution is
 n y
n x  l
u ( x, y )   bn sin e (4)
n 1 l
Use (iv ) in (4) we get
u ( x, 0)  k (lx  x 2 )

n x 0
(i.e).  bn sin e  k (lx  x 2 )
n 1 l

n x
(i.e). bn sin  k (lx  x 2 )  f ( x).
n 1 l
l l
2 n x 2 n x
where bn   f ( x) sin dx   k (lx  x 2 ) sin dx.
l 0 l l 0 l
l
2k n x
  (lx  x 2 ) sin dx.
l 0 l
l
  n x   n x   n x 
  cos   sin   cos 

2k 
(lx  x 2 )  l   (l  2 x )  l   (2)  l 
n   2 2   3 3 
l     n   n  
  l   l2   l 3  0
l
2k  l n x 2 2l 3 n x 
  cos ( lx  x )  3 3
cos 
l  n l n l 0
2k   l n l 2 2 2l 3 n l   l 2l 3 
   cos (l  l )  3 3 cos    cos 0(0)  3 3 cos 0
l   n l n l   n n 

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
3
2k   2l   2l 3  
  0  cos n   0  3 3 
l   n3 3   n  
2k   2l 3   2l 3  
  0  cos n   0  3 3 
l   n3 3   n  
2k  2l 3 n 2l 3  2k 2l 3
  3 3 (  1)  3 3
 3 3 
(1)n  1
l n  n  l n
4kl 2 4kl 2
 3 3 (1)  1  3 3 1  (1)n 
n

n n
2
8kl 
3 3
, if n is odd 
n  ...................(5)
 0, if n is even 
Use (5) in (4) we get
n y n y

n x  l

8kl 2 n x  l
u ( x, y )   bn sin e   3 3 sin e
n 1 l n 1 n  l
Problem : 9 : AUC M / J 2011
An infinitely long rectangular plate with insulated surface is 20cm wide.
The two long sides as well as one of the short sides are maintained at 00C , while
the other short side x  0 is kept at temperature given by
20 y , 0  y  10
u
20(10  y ), 10  y  20
Find the steady state temperature distribution in the plate .
Solution :

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
The boundary conditions are
(i ). u ( x, 0)  0
(ii ). u ( x, 20)  0
(iii ).u (, y )  0
10 y , 0  y  10
(iv ).u (0, y )  
10(20  y ), 10  y  20
The suitable solution is
u ( x, y )  ( Ae px  Be  px )(C cos py  D sin py )................(1)
Use (i ) in (1) we get
u ( x, 0)  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px )(C cos 0  D sin 0)  0
 C ( Ae px  Be px )  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px )  0  C  0
Put C  0 in (1) we get
u ( x, y )  ( Ae px  Be  px ) D sin py................(2)
Use (ii) in (2) we get
u ( x, 20)  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px ) D sin 20 p  0
 ( Ae px  Be  px )  0 , D  0,
 sin 20 p  0  sin n
n
 p
20
Now (2) implies
n x n x
20

20
n y
u ( x, y )  ( Ae  Be ) D sin ................(3)
20
Use (iii) in (3) we get
u (, y )  0
n y
 ( Ae  Be  ) D sin 0
20
n y
 ( A  0) D sin 0  A0
20
n x
 n y
u ( x, y )  BDe 20 sin
20

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TRICHY
The most general solution is
 n x
n y 
u ( x, y )   bn e 20
sin
..............(4)
n 1 20
Use (iii) in (3) we get
10 y , 0  y  10
u (0, y )  
10(20  y ), 10  y  20

0n y 10 y , 0  y  10
(i.e). b e
n 1
n 
sin
20 10(20  y ), 10  y  20

n y 10 y , 0  y  10
(i.e).  bn sin   f ( y)
n 1 20 10(20  y ), 10  y  20
l 10
2 n y 2 n y
Now bn   f ( y ) sin dy.   f ( y ) sin dy
l 0 l 20 0 20
1 10 n y 10
n y 
  10 y sin dy   10(20  y ) sin dy 
10  0 20 5
20 
10 n y
20
n y 
   y sin dy   (20  y ) sin dy 
0 20 10
20 
  I1  I 2  .
10
  n y   n y 
   cos   sin 
20 
10
n y 
20  (1) 
Now I1   y sin dy   y    
0
20   n   n
2 2

  20   400  0

10
 400 n y 20 n y 
  2 2 sin  y cos
n  20 n 20  0
 400 n 200 n  
  2 2 sin  cos   (0) 
 n  2 n 2  
400 n 200 n
I1  2 2 sin  cos
n 2 n 2
400 n 200 n
similarly I 2  2 2 sin  cos
n 2 n 2
800 n
I1  I 2  2 2 sin
n 2
800 n
bn   I1  I 2   2 2 sin
n 2
 n x
 n y
u ( x, y )   bn e 20 sin ..............(4)
n 1 20
x

800 n  n20 n y
u ( x, y )   2 2
sin e sin
n 1 n  2 20

S.KAVITHA M.Sc.,M.Phil., AP/MATHEMATICS MEC