MAJOR PROJECT -1

ON
“MOTORIZED LIFT TABLE”
SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Mechanical Engineering)

11 December 2017

SUBMITTED BY:
MOHIT SINGH(14303)
GOURAV MITTAL (14352)
ARVIND RATHORE (14309)
SHAMBHU SHARAN KUMAR(14379)
Under the Guidance of
Dr Sunand Kumar
PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HAMIRPUR (H.P.)

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 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech Project-1 Report
entitled “ DESIGN ANALYSIS & FABRICATION REGENRATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM FOR TWO
WHEELERS ”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of
Technology in Mechanical Engineering and submitted to the Department of Mechanical
Engineering of National Institute of Technology Hamirpur HP is an authentic record of our
own work under the supervision of Dr. Sunand Kumar Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Department.
The matter presented in this project report has not been submitted by us for the award of
any other degree of this or any other Institute/University.

Mohit Singh (14303) Gourav Mittal (14352)

Arvind Rathore(14309) Shambhu Sharan Kumar (14379)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of
my knowledge.
Date:

Dr. Sunand Kumar

(Project Guide)
Professor
MED

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The writing of this dissertation has been assisted by the generous help of many people. We
feel that we were very fortunate to receive assistance from them. We wish to express our
sincere appreciation to them.
First and foremost, we are indebted to our project guide, Dr. Sunand Kumar, Professor
,Mechanical Engineering Department), NIT Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh who has been very
supportive at every stage of our project work. We wish to express my utmost gratitude to
him for his invaluable advice and patience in reading, correcting and commenting on the
drafts of the project report and, more importantly, for his generosity which We have received
throughout our entire project work.
Finally, We are particularly indebted to our dearest parents/guardians as without their
generous assistance and love; this project work could never have been completed.

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 ABSTRACT

Scissor lifts (Aerial work platforms in general) are generally used for temporary, flexible
access purposes such as maintenance and construction work or by firefighters for emergency
access, which distinguishes them from permanent access equipment such as elevators. They
are designed to lift limited weights. The contraction of the scissor action can be hydraulic,
pneumatic or mechanical (via a lead screw or rack and pinion system).

The main objective of scissor lift is to save time required in building platforms or temporary
lifts. Once the lift is constructed according to requirement, much time is saved. Its portability
can enable the workers to use it at various working areas whenever needed.

Considering the cost of lift, it is suitable and more productive than making temporary platforms
at construction sites with help of bamboo sticks or other materials. Maintenance cost is almost
negligible as only lubrication is required for components.

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 1. INTRODUCTION

A scissor lift is a type of platform that can usually only move vertically. The mechanism to
achieve this is the use of linked, folding supports in a crisscross” X” pattern, known as a
pantograph (or scissor mechanism). The upward motion is achieved by the application of
pressure to the outside of the lowest set of supports, elongating the crossing pattern, and
propelling the work platform vertically. Scissor lifts (Aerial work platforms in general) can
generally use for temporary, flexible access purposes such as maintenance and construction
work, which distinguishes them from permanent access equipment such as elevators.

1.1 Necessity / Application of scissor lift

 It can be used at construction sites for temporary or portable platform.
o Eg. 1. Platform used for painting a wall at a certain height.
2. To elevate workers and their tools to a desired height for a job.
 In emergency cases while extinguishing fire or by firefighter.
 As a vertical lift for supplying material or things on a certain height or upper storey.

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1.2 Literature Survey.

 There are three main types of aerial work platforms: boom lifts, scissor lifts, and
mechanical lifts. They can be operated with hydraulics, pneumatics, or mechanically
via screws or a rack-and-pinion system. They are either unpowered units, requiring an
external force to move them, self-propelled with controls at the platform,
or mounted to a vehicle for movement.

 The aerial work platform invention is widely credited to John L. Grove, who was an
American inventor and industrialist. However, even before JLG's first model, a
company called Selma Man lift introduced a model in 1966.

 As for John L. Grove, after selling his previous business, Grove Manufacturing, in 1967
he and his wife headed out on a road trip. During a stop at the Hoover Dam, Grove
witnessed two workers electrocuted while working on scaffolding. Through this “tragic
event” John Grove saw a large untapped market for a product that could put workers in
the air more safely to perform construction and maintenance tasks.

 When Grove returned home from his trip, he formed a partnership with two friends,
bought a small metal fabrication business, and began designing concepts for the aerial
work platform. The company was named JLG Industries Inc., and with the aid of 20
employees it released its first aerial work platform in 1970.

 Aerial work platforms eventually began being designed with a variety of additional
features. Many are now equipped with electrical outlets, compressed air connectors,
and various other adaptations for tools.

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 2. PROPOSED WORK

2.1 Proposed Prototype

The machine consists of a lead screw, gear and pinion, shaft in a slot and the lift scissors
(X linkages). Rotation of pinion attached to shaft of motor drives the system., the gear gets
driven by the rotating pinion. The lead screw rotates and this drives the main scissor
mechanism at its bottom linkage.

Thus the rotary motion to pinion is converted into reciprocating / linear motion by using a gear
which moves the table.

2.2 List of components and its function

Name Function

Scissor lift platform Platform to be elevated

Scissor linkages To provide elevation to platform

Lead Screw To transfer power from worm wheel to

scissor linkages with self-locking
mechanism

Pinion and Gear To transfer power from motor to lead screw

Motor To provide Mechanical power

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2.3 Working Principle

As shown in image the motor is provided to provide clockwise rotational motion to the pinion
gear. The rotational motion of the motor is transmitted to the rotational motion in the same axis
of gear as they are attached along the same axis. The rotational motion of the worm is
transmitted to the worm wheel as rotational motion, but in an axis which is perpendicular to
the axis of a gear. The gear rotates the shaft attached with it, which in turn rotates the pinion
in the same sense as the worm. The pinion rotates in a clockwise direction which moves the
lead screw. The rotary motion of lead screw results in forcing the scissor lift in upward
direction. This upward motion is desired to raise the height of a load for any application.
The opposite happens when the handle is rotated in anti-clockwise direction. The anti-
clockwise rotation of handle leads to the downward motion of scissor mechanism. This
downward motion is required when a load is to be lowered.
As the load increases the effort required to raise the load is also increasing.

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2.4 Technical parameter (Prototype)

Lifting height 1 ft

Minimum height 100 mm

Length 1000mm

Breadth 300mm

Net weight 20-25 Kgs

2.5 Main Components

2.5.1 Cross / Scissor linkages

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 a) Scissor Linkages

A scissors mechanism uses linked, folding supports in a criss-cross 'X' pattern.

Extension is achieved by applying pressure to the outside of a set of supports located at one
end of the mechanism, elongating the crossing pattern. This can be achieved
through hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical or simply muscular means.

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2.6 Drafting and 3D model

CAD Design-

Isometric View

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 Front View

Side View

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DRAWING –

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2.7 Calculations

Link Design:

Assumptions-

 Max. Height (AC) = 600 mm

 10o< θ < 110o
 Max. Angle (θ) = 110o
 Min. Angle (θ) = 10.0o

We’ve to find Length of Link (AB) =?

If we design the scissor for single stage:-

In OO’A

𝜃 𝑂′𝐴
sin =
2 𝑂𝐴

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 𝐴𝐶 600
𝑂′ 𝐴 = = = 300 𝑚𝑚
2 2

𝐴𝐵
𝑂𝐴 =
2

𝐴𝐵 = 732.5 𝑚𝑚

Total length of material required (l′) = 2 × AB = 1465 mm

For Double Stage:-

𝐴𝐶
𝑂′ 𝐴 = = 150 𝑚𝑚
4

∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 356.4 𝑚𝑚

Total length of material required (l") = 4 × AB = 1425.6 mm< 1465 mm

In case of double stage we can save material so we’ve chosen to go for double stage scissor
mechanism.

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 FBD of Link:

 Solution:

−𝑊
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0, + 𝑅𝑦1 + 𝐹𝑦 = 0
2

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0, − 𝑅𝑥1 + 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝑙 𝑙 𝑊
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0, 𝐹𝑦 × cos 𝜃 + 𝐹𝑥 × sin 𝜃 − × 𝑙 cos 𝜃 = 0
2 2 2

𝑙 𝑙 𝑊
∑ 𝑀𝐸 = 0 , 𝑅𝑦1 × cos 𝜃 − 𝑅𝑥1 × sin 𝜃 + × 𝑙 cos 𝜃 = 0
2 2 2

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When W = 50 N

By assuming θ we get these values:

Θ 10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o

Fx 1131 550 346 238 168 115
Fy 200 200 200 200 200 200
Rx1 1131 550 346 238 168 115
Ry1 0 0 0 0 0 0

*Values approximated to near values. All the forces are expressed in Newtons (N)

2.8 Estimate Time required

Sr.No Task No.of days

1. Design study 15

2. Mechanism study 15

3. Design 30

4. Manufacturing 20

5. Testing 5

6. Eliminations of errors and faults 10

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2.9 Cost

Approximately 8000 Rs

Cost Estimation

Cost of Material:

Sr Name of Material Qty Material Cost of material manufacturing

no
1 Scissor lift Arms 4 MS 500 Laser cut &
Drilling
2 Lifting platform 1 MS 1200 Laser cut &
Bending
3 Base Plate 1 MS 1200 Laser cut &
Bending
4 Bars 4 MS 1000 Machining

5 Motor 1 MS 2000

6 Shaft 1 MS 250 Machining

Total 6150

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Cost of Standard parts:

Sr Part Quantity Cost

no
1 Rack and pinion 1 1000
2 Lead Screw 1 500
3 Rack support 1 100
4 Pinion support blocks 2 100
5 Fastners 20 150
Total 1850

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 3. RISK MANAGEMENT
While operating scissor lift there are chances of sudden collapse of platform due to overload.
To eliminate this risk a locking system should be provided which can stop motion of linkages
when in locked position

In prototype as worm and worm wheel is used. It doesn’t rotates reversely unless it is operated
by handle.

4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

 The scissor lift has a unique mechanism which uses worm and worm wheel .This
mechanism provides a self-locking system which makes the scissor lift completely safe
for use.

 Unlike the hydraulic systems, this mechanism has to be driven to bring the platform back
down. This gives us the opportunity to use this lift as a machine part for accurate
elevation.

Disadvantages:

 Scissor lift occupies substantial floor space which makes it unsuitable for smaller
applications.

 Height of the elevation is limited.

 Effort required to lift material increases with increase in weight.
 Periodically lubrication is to be done for smooth working.

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 5. FEASIBILITY STUDY

5.1 Economic feasibility

Considering the cost of lift it is suitable and more productive than making temporary platforms
at construction sites with help of bamboo sticks or other materials. Maintenance cost is almost
negligible as only lubrication is required for components.

5.2 Technical / operational feasibility

There is no need of external support for the platform as the linkages itself work as supporters.

Only single worker is required to operate the lift and thus it saves man power as compared to
temporary platforms which need labors while being construct.

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 6. CONCLUSIONS
As a whole, it has been concluded that this System if very beneficial according to economic as
well as technical point of view.

Once the lift is made there is no wastage of time as compared to time required for temporary
platforms in assembly and disassembly while shifting them at other work stations.

Hence the system is feasible.

7. FUTURE SCOPE

 We can increase contact force between shaft and pinion so as to prevent slipping and
allow lifting of larger weights.

 Number of plates in the scissors can be increased to improve the height to number of
rotations ratio.

 Hydraulic actuators can be used for heavy applications.

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