Wind Analysis Results

User Entered Importance Factor is 1.000

Gust Factor (Gh, Gbar) Static 1.386
Shape Factor (Cf) for the Vessel is 0.523
User Entered Basic Wind Speed 112.7 Km/hr
Exposure Category C
Table Lookup Value Alpha from Table C6 7.0000
Table Lookup Value Zg from Table C6 900.0000
Table Lookup Value Do from Table C6 0.0050

Wind Load Results per ASCE-7 93:

Sample Calculation for the First Element:

Rougness Factor = 1.0

Values [cf1] and [cf2]

Because RoughFact = 1 and DQZ > 2.5 and H/D < 7.0
Interpolating to find the final cf:
Because H / D < 7.0
CF = CF1 + (CF2-CF1)*( H/D - 1) / (7 - 1)
= 0.5 + ( 0.6- 0.5)*( 2.409 - 1)/(7 - 1)
= 0.523

Value of Alpha, Zg is taken from Table C6-2 [Alpha, Zg]

For Exposure Category C:
Alpha = 7.0, Zg = 274320. mm.

Height of Interest for First Element [z]

= Centroid Hgt + Base Height
= 172.138 + 0.0 = 172.138 mm.
but: z = Max(4572.0, 172.138) = 4572.0 mm.

Note: Because z < 15 feet, use 15 feet to compute kz.

Velocity Pressure Coefficient [kZ]:

= 2.58( z/zg )^(2/Alpha) : z is Elevation of First Element
= 2.58( 4572.0/900 )^(2/7.0)
= 0.801

Determine if Static or Dynamic Gust Factor Applies

Height to Diameter ratio :

= Maximum Height(length)^2 / Sum of Area of the Elements
= 2353.7(^2)/22995.992
= 2.409

Vibration Frequency = 59.014 Hz

Because H/D < 5 And Frequency > 1.0: Static Analysis Implemented

The following two calculations allow for any user units

Compute [tz]
= 2.35 * Sqrt(DO / VesselHtg/30(feet)^(1/Alpha)
= 2.35 * Sqrt( 0.005/2353.7)^(1/9144.0)
= 0.202

Compute [Gh]
= 0.65 + 3.65 * tz
= 0.65 + 3.65 * 0.202 = 1.386

Wind Pressure - (performed in Imperial Units) [qz]

Importance Factor: I = 1.0
 Wind Speed = 112.651 Km/hr Converts to 70.0 mph
qz = 0.00256 * kZ * (I * Vr)²
= 0.00256 * 0.801*(1.0 * 70.0)² = 10.046 psf
Converts to: 49.052 Kgs/m²

Force on the First Element [Fz]

= qz * Gh * CF * Wind Area
= 49.052 * 1.386 * 0.523 * 2985.588
= 10.628 Kgf

Element z GH Area qz Force

mm. cm² Kgs/m² Kgf
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 172.1 1.386 2985.6 49.1 10.6
2 1298.7 1.386 24000.0 49.1 85.4
3 2429.5 1.386 2985.6 49.1 10.6

Wind Vibration Calculations

This evaluation is based on work by Kanti Mahajan and Ed Zorilla

Nomenclature

Cf - Correction factor for natural frequency

D - Average internal diameter of vessel mm.
Df - Damping Factor < 0.75 Unstable, > 0.95 Stable
Dr - Average internal diameter of top half of vessel mm.
f - Natural frequency of vibration (Hertz)
f1 - Natural frequency of bare vessel based on a unit value of
(D/L²)(10^(4))
L - Total height of structure mm.
Lc - Total length of conical section(s) of vessel mm.
tb - Uncorroded plate thickness at bottom of vessel mm.
V30 - Design Wind Speed provided by user Km/hr
Vc - Critical wind velocity Km/hr
Vw - Maximum wind speed at top of structure Km/hr
W - Total corroded weight of structure Kgf
Ws - Cor. vessel weight excl. weight of parts which do not effect stiff.
Kgf
Z - Maximum amplitude of vibration at top of vessel mm.
Dl - Logarithmic decrement ( taken as 0.03 for Welded Structures )
Vp - Vib. Chance, <= 0.320E-06 (High); 0.320E-06 < 0.400E-06 (Probable)
P30 - wind pressure 30 feet above the base

Check other Conditions and Basic Assumptions:

#1 - Total Cone Length / Total Length < 0.5
0.0/2101.6 = 0.0

#2 - ( D / L² ) * 10^(4) < 8.0 (English Units)

- ( 3.28/6.9² ) * 10^(4) = 690.104 [Geometry Violation]

Compute the vibration possibility. If Vp > 0.400E-06 no chance. [Vp]:

= W / ( L * Dr²)
= 261/( 2101.6 * 992.41² )
= 0.12616E-06

Compute the damping factor Df which is a measure of instability [Df]:

= W * Dl/ ( L * Dr² )
= 261 * 0.03/( 2101.6 * 992.41² )
= 0.236

Compute the critical wind velocity [Vc]:

= 3.4 * f * Dr
 = 3.4 * 59.014 * 3.256
= 653.299 mile/hr [1051.354 Km/hr]

Compute the velocity at the top of the tower [Vw]:

= V30 * ( L / ( 30 + BaseHeight ))^(0.143)
= 112.65 * ( 2101.6/( 30 + 0.0 ))^0.143
= 91.289 Km/hr

Compute the maximum gust velocity using the gust response factor Gh [Vg]:
= Vw * Gh
= 91.289 * 1.386
= 126.552 Km/hr

Since Vc is greater than Vg the dynamic deflection Z, does not

need to be computed.

The Natural Frequency for the Vessel (Ope...) is 59.0143 Hz.

Wind Load Calculation:

| | Wind | Wind | Wind | Wind | Element |

From| To | Height | Diameter | Area | Pressure | Wind Load |
| | mm. | mm. | cm² | Kgs/m² | Kgf |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10| 20| 172.138 | 1200 | 2985.59 | 49.0518 | 10.6277 |
20| 30| 1298.7 | 1200 | 24000 | 49.0518 | 85.4323 |
30| 40| 2429.46 | 1200 | 2985.59 | 49.0518 | 10.6277 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Earthquake Analysis Results

The UBC Zone Factor for the Vessel is ............. 0.0000

The Importance Factor as Specified by the User is . 1.000
The UBC Frequency and Soil Factor (C) is ......... 2.750
The UBC Force Factor as Specified by the User is .. 3.000
The UBC Total Weight (W) for the Vessel is ........ 295.7 Kgf
The UBC Total Shear (V) for the Vessel is ......... 0.0 Kgf
The UBC Top Shear (Ft) for the Vessel is .......... 0.0 Kgf

The Natural Frequency for the Vessel (Ope...) is 59.0143 Hz.

Earthquake Load Calculation:

| | Earthquake | Earthquake | Element | Element |

From| To | Height | Weight | Ope Load | Emp Load |
| | mm. | Kgf | Kgf | Kgf |
--------------------------------------------------------------
10|Legs| 50.8001 | ... | ... | ... |
Legs| 20| 50.8001 | 43.8973 | ... | ... |
20| 30| 1050.8 | 207.885 | ... | ... |
30| 40| 2076.2 | 43.9251 | ... | ... |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Top Load 2709.50 0 0

The following table is for the Operating Case.

Wind/Earthquake Shear, Bending:

| | Distance to| Cumulative |Earthquake | Wind | Earthquake |

From| To | Support| Wind Shear | Shear | Bending | Bending |
| | mm. | Kgf | Kgf | Kg-m. | Kg-m. |
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10|Legs| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Legs| 20| 25.4 | 106.688 | ... | 113.229 | ... |
20| 30| 1050.8 | 96.06 | ... | 108.08 | ... |
30| 40| 2181.56 | 10.6277 | ... | 1.38973 | ... |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note:
The Wind Shears/Moments and the Earthquake Shears/Moments calculated
and printed in the Wind/Earthquake Shear and Bending report have
been factored by the input Scalar/Load reductions factors of;
Wind: 1.000; Earthquake: 1.000.

Note:
Review the Vessel Design Summary for the cumulative shear force
and bending moment on the support.

Wind Deflection Calculations:

The following table is for the Operating Case.

Wind Deflection:

| | Cumulative | Centroid | Elem. End | Elem. Ang. |

From| To | Wind Shear | Deflection | Deflection | Rotation |
| | Kgf | mm. | mm. | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
10|Legs| ... | 0.0066457 | 0.0066457 | 0.00003 |
Legs| 20| 106.688 | 0.0066469 | 0.0066506 | 0.00003 |
20| 30| 96.06 | 0.0081748 | 0.010936 | 0.00003 |
30| 40| 10.6277 | 0.011009 | 0.011083 | 0.00003 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Critical Wind Velocity for Tower Vibration:

| | 1st Crit. | 2nd Crit. |

From| To | Wind Speed | Wind Speed |
| | Km/hr | Km/hr |
-------------------------------------
10| 20| 1271.27 | 7945.47 |
20| 30| 1271.27 | 7945.47 |
30| 40| 1271.27 | 7945.47 |
-------------------------------------

Allowable deflection at the Tower Top (Ope)( 6.000"/100ft. Criteria)

Allowable deflection : 10.508 Actual Deflection : 0.011 mm.

Stress Combination Load Cases for Vertical Vessels:

Load Case Definition Key

IP = Longitudinal Stress due to Internal Pressure

EP = Longitudinal Stress due to External Pressure
HP = Longitudinal Stress due to Hydrotest Pressure
NP = No Pressure
EW = Longitudinal Stress due to Weight (No Liquid)
OW = Longitudinal Stress due to Weight (Operating)
HW = Longitudinal Stress due to Weight (Hydrotest)
WI = Bending Stress due to Wind Moment (Operating)
EQ = Bending Stress due to Earthquake Moment (Operating)
EE = Bending Stress due to Earthquake Moment (Empty)
HI = Bending Stress due to Wind Moment (Hydrotest)
HE = Bending Stress due to Earthquake Moment (Hydrotest)
WE = Bending Stress due to Wind Moment (Empty) (no CA)
WF = Bending Stress due to Wind Moment (Filled) (no CA)
CW = Longitudinal Stress due to Weight (Empty) (no CA)
VO = Bending Stress due to Vortex Shedding Loads ( Ope )
VE = Bending Stress due to Vortex Shedding Loads ( Emp )
VF = Bending Stress due to Vortex Shedding Loads ( Test No CA. )
FW = Axial Stress due to Vertical Forces for the Wind Case
FS = Axial Stress due to Vertical Forces for the Seismic Case
BW = Bending Stress due to Lat. Forces for the Wind Case, Corroded
BS = Bending Stress due to Lat. Forces for the Seismic Case, Corroded
BN = Bending Stress due to Lat. Forces for the Wind Case, UnCorroded
BU = Bending Stress due to Lat. Forces for the Seismic Case, UnCorroded

General Notes:

Case types HI and HE are in the Un-Corroded condition.

Case types WE, WF, and CW are in the Un-Corroded condition.

A blank stress and stress ratio indicates that the corresponding

stress comprising those components that did not contribute to that
type of stress.

An asterisk (*) in the final column denotes overstress.

Analysis of Load Case 1 : NP+EW+WI+FW+BW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.13 90.93 -0.64 99.44 0.0015 0.0064
20 0.15 90.93 -0.57 100.45 0.0017 0.0056
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 2 : NP+EW+EE+FS+BS

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 90.93 -0.25 99.44 0.0025
20 90.93 -0.21 100.45 0.0021
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 3 : NP+OW+WI+FW+BW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.13 90.93 -0.64 99.44 0.0015 0.0064
20 0.15 90.93 -0.57 100.45 0.0017 0.0056
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 4 : NP+OW+EQ+FS+BS

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 90.93 -0.25 99.44 0.0025
20 90.93 -0.21 100.45 0.0021
 30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 5 : NP+HW+HI

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
20 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.99 0.0000 0.0000
30 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000

Analysis of Load Case 6 : NP+HW+HE

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
20 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.99 0.0000 0.0000
30 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000

Analysis of Load Case 7 : IP+OW+WI+FW+BW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.88 90.93 99.44 1.4723 *
20 130.34 90.93 100.45 1.4334 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4705 *

Analysis of Load Case 8 : IP+OW+EQ+FS+BS

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.49 90.93 99.44 1.4681 *
20 129.98 90.93 100.45 1.4294 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4704 *

Analysis of Load Case 9 : EP+OW+WI+FW+BW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.13 90.93 -0.64 99.44 0.0015 0.0064
20 0.15 90.93 -0.57 100.45 0.0017 0.0056
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 10 : EP+OW+EQ+FS+BS

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 90.93 -0.25 99.44 0.0025
20 90.93 -0.21 100.45 0.0021
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 11 : HP+HW+HI

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
20 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.99 0.0000 0.0000
30 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000

Analysis of Load Case 12 : HP+HW+HE

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
10 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000
20 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.99 0.0000 0.0000
 30 0.00 118.21 0.00 104.14 0.0000 0.0000

Analysis of Load Case 13 : IP+WE+EW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.49 90.93 99.44 1.4681 *
20 129.98 90.93 100.45 1.4294 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4704 *

Analysis of Load Case 14 : IP+WF+CW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.52 90.93 99.44 1.4684 *
20 130.00 90.93 100.45 1.4297 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4705 *

Analysis of Load Case 15 : IP+VO+OW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.49 90.93 99.44 1.4681 *
20 129.98 90.93 100.45 1.4294 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4704 *

Analysis of Load Case 16 : IP+VE+EW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.49 90.93 99.44 1.4681 *
20 129.98 90.93 100.45 1.4294 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4704 *

Analysis of Load Case 17 : NP+VO+OW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 90.93 -0.25 99.44 0.0025
20 90.93 -0.21 100.45 0.0021
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Analysis of Load Case 18 : FS+BS+IP+OW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 133.74 90.93 99.44 1.4708 *
10 133.49 90.93 99.44 1.4681 *
20 129.98 90.93 100.45 1.4294 *
30 133.71 90.93 99.44 1.4704 *

Analysis of Load Case 19 : FS+BS+EP+OW

From Tensile All. Tens. Comp. All. Comp. Tens. Comp.
Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Ratio Ratio
10 0.00 90.93 0.00 99.44 0.0000 0.0000
10 90.93 -0.25 99.44 0.0025
20 90.93 -0.21 100.45 0.0021
30 90.93 -0.04 99.44 0.0004

Absolute Maximum of the all of the Stress Ratio's 1.4723 *

** Warning: One or more elements were Overstressed due to combined loads !

Governing Element: 1
Governing Load Case 7 : IP+OW+WI+FW+BW