Abstract  to

The student restaurant, dining out more often than the price of something cheap, How can we
fulfill the nutritional requirements of schools under the Da Dao Cheng Ben's minimum purchase
ingredients of Yi Zhi in to maximize profits, this report is the major provisions.
This report aims to establish a linear programming ingredients buy the relationship between
volume and cost to provide the restaurant manager next week to purchase ingredients of
important reference, this model takes into account: the nutritional content of school regulations,
chef's suggestions and The minimum weekly assessment of the demand.
The report also proposed to explore different situations: alternative ingredients, change the
nutritional needs of school ... ... and so on, for different situations, reconstruction of the linear
programming model and make appropriate recommendations based on the results, so that
restaurant managers to understand the method of purchasing.
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I. Case Background information

All-State University cafeteria when every Thursday to launch a special meal - casserole, include
onions, potatoes, green beans and mushroom soup.
Maria, restaurant manager, an attempt to reduce the restaurant's annual expenditures, there is a
certain way is to use cheaper materials with the use of less material, because casserole is a
special meal each week, Maria think that from the casserole start with, then, will be able to
obvious drop in restaurant expenditure.
Casserole of the two major components are the potatoes with green beans, both with the
casserole prices, with edible nutrition great relationship.
Maria each week to buy from the dealer side of potatoes per pound with $ 0.4 $ 1.0 per pound of
beans.
All-State University's assessment of the nutritional requirements, the provisions of the need to
contain protein 180g, iron 80mg, vitamin C 1050mg, Maria found on the Internet about the
nutritional content of potatoes with green beans table, as follows:

Potatoes Green Beans

Protein 1.5 g per 100 g 5.67 g per 10 ounces
Iron 0.3 mg per 100 g 3.402 mg per 10 ounces
Vitamin C 12 mg per 100 g 28.35 mg per 10 ounces

Edson, restaurant chefs, to Maria a suggestion: If you want the casserole with edible, then the
weight ratio of potato and green beans at least 6:5.
According to the number of students in the school restaurant, Maria considered to provide
adequate casserole each week to prepare potatoes and green beans at least a total of at least 10
kilograms, if there is unnecessary if potato or green beans, Maria do not worry about waste,
because the potatoes or green beans above can be used in other dishes.
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The establishment of model
Objectives: Control of potato with green beans purchases, to meet the conditions of the various
constraints to achieve the goal of minimizing the purchase cost.

Unit of weight for the title too, so all the weight units into grams (1lb = 454 g; 28.35 g = 1
ounce); nutritional composition table, into 100 grams of potato per share and the percentage of
nutrients per 100 grams green beans in the percentage share of nutrients

Potatoes Green Beans

Protein 1.5 g per 100 g → 1.5% 2 g per 100 g → 2%

Iron 0.3 mg per 100 g → 1.2 mg per 100 g →

0.3% 1.2%

Vitamin C 12 mg per 100 g → 12% 10 mg per 100 g → 10%

decision variables
P: on behalf of purchases of potatoes per week
G: purchases on behalf of beans per week

✔ 目標式

 0.4   1 
min imize  P +  G ← 最小化總購買金額
 454   454 

✔ 限制式

0.015P + 0.02G ≥ 180 ← 蛋白質的最低需求量

0.003P + 0.012G ≥ 80 ← 鐵質的最低需求量
0.12P + 0.1G ≥ 1050 ← 維他命
C的最低需求量
5 P − 6G ≥ 0 ← 可食性
P + G ≥ 10000 ← 每週最低需求量
✔ 變數限制式

P≥0 G≥0

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Model answers and explanations
From the above model into LINGO, the obtained results are as follows:

Objective value: 16.71750

Variable Value Reduced Cost

P 6153.846 0.000000

G 5128.205 0.000000

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

1 16.71750 -1.000000

2 14.87179 0.000000

3 0.000000 -0.2089687

4 201.2821 0.000000

5 0.000000 -0.5083023E-04

6 1282.051 0.000000

Protein 180g, 80mg iron and vitamin C1050mg constraints, plus edible and the
weight ratio of 6:5 minimum weekly requirement under the 10kg limit, Maria
decided to buy 6153.846g 5128.205g of green beans with potatoes, the required to
spend at $ 16.7175 yuan.
In such a purchase combination, you can find, just meet the minimum requirement
for iron and the weight ratio of edible <surplus = 0>, protein, vitamin C and the
minimum demand is more than a week.
Also can be seen in other conditions remain unchanged, the reduction of 1 unit of
iron demand, can reduce the cost of 0.209 yuan; in other conditions remain
unchanged, the reduction of 1 unit of edible weight ratio, can be reduced cost
element.

Another sensitivity analysis obtained as follows:

Ranges in which the basis is unchanged:

Objective Coefficient Ranges

Current Allowable Allowable

Variable Coefficient Increase Decrease

P 0.8810573E-03 INFINITY 0.3303965E-03

G 0.2202643E-02 0.1321586E-02 0.3259912E-02

Righthand Side Ranges

Row Current Allowable Allowable

RHS Increase Decrease

2 180.0000 14.87179 INFINITY

3 80.00000 INFINITY 6.105263

4 1050.000 201.2821 INFINITY

5 0.0 133333.3 9666.667

6 10000.00 1282.051 INFINITY

By the sensitivity analysis can know: the other conditions remain unchanged, the protein content
in excess of 14.87179 g increased demand, it will change the optimal combination; in other
conditions unchanged, reducing demand for iron more than 6.105263 mg, it will change the
optimal combination; in other conditions unchanged, the increased demand for vitamin C content
in excess of 201.2821 mg, it will change the optimal combination; Similarly, edibility weight
ratio, more than θ range, the combination will change the optimal solution; Finally, other things
being equal, the weekly increase in demand of more than 1282051 g, it will change the optimal
combination.
Because only two decision variables, you can also use the graphic.

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Can be seen from the figure, the restrictions affect the feasible region is that demand for iron and
edible weight ratio, so surplus = 0; addition, surplus ≠ 0 does not affect the other constraints
feasible solution area, with the result drawing LINGO ran out of the result is the same.

Fourth, other factors to consider, scenario analysis

【A】 situation: Maria edible weight ratio that is too high, asked Edson to change the cooking
method, the proportion of edible weight cut 1:2, other conditions remain unchanged.
By the map that, the fourth weight ratio of edible constraints into the slope of the original,
changing the size of the feasible region so that the endpoints of the original optimal solution is
no longer optimal.
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Dictionary - View detailed dictionary
1. preposition
1. in
2. at
3. on
4. into
5. within
6. under
7. inside
8. upon
9. amid

So, rebuilding the model are as follows:

  0.4   1 
min  P +  G
 454   454 
0.015P + 0.02G ≥ 180
0.003P + 0.012G ≥ 80
0.12P + 0.1G ≥ 1050
2P − G ≥ 0
P + G ≥ 10000
P≥0 G≥0

LINGO obtained as follows:

Objective value: 16.22614

Variable Value Reduced Cost

P 4666.667 0.000000

G 5500.000 0.000000

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

1 16.22614 -1.000000

2 0.000000 -0.3303965E-01

3 0.000000 -0.1284875

4 60.00000 0.000000

5 3833.333 0.000000

6 166.6667 0.000000

The original base solution is to change the weight ratio of edible after the base solution into, just
to meet the minimum requirement of protein with iron, can be seen from the figure.
Protein 180g, 80mg iron and vitamin C1050mg constraints, plus edible and the weight ratio of
1:2 minimum weekly requirement under the 10kg limit, Maria decided to buy 4666.667 g of
potatoes with 5500 g of green beans, the required to spend at $ 16.22614 yuan.

【2】 situation: reducing demand for iron to 65mg, other conditions remain unchanged.
From the previous sensitivity analysis to see: the reduction of iron more than 6.105263 mg, so
the combination will produce the optimal solution changes, the original base solution is to reduce
the demand for iron-based solution into a post.

Model becomes as follows

 0.4   1 
min  P +  G
 454   454 
0.015P + 0.02G ≥ 180
0.003P + 0.012G ≥ 65
0.12P + 0.1G ≥ 1050
5 P − 6G ≥ 0
P + G ≥ 10000
P≥0 G≥0

LINGO obtained as follows:

Objective value: 14.29883

Variable Value Reduced Cost

P 7166.667 0.000000

G 3625.000 0.000000

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

1 14.29883 -1.000000

2 0.000000 -0.3303965E-01

3 0.000000 -0.1284875

4 172.5000 0.000000
 5 14083.33 0.000000

6 791.6667 0.000000

Protein 180 g, 65 mg of iron and vitamin C1050 mg of limitations, plus edible and the weight
ratio of 6:5 minimum weekly requirement under the 10kg limit, Maria decided to buy 7166.667 g
of the potato's green beans with 3625g , the necessary cost of $ 14.29883 yuan.
Optimal solution just to meet the minimum requirement of protein and iron, vitamin C, edible
weight and weekly demand constraint does not affect the feasible solution area.

【3】 situation: Maria to $ 0.5 per pound of green beans to the dealer to buy the rest, demand for
iron into 65 mg, other conditions remain unchanged.
Into the slope from the original target type, as shown below:

Clear that the optimal solution change.

Mode as follows:
  0.4   0.5 
min  P +  G
 454   454 
0.015P + 0.02G ≥ 180
0.003P + 0.012G ≥ 65
0.12P + 0.1G ≥ 1050
5P − 6G ≥ 0
P + G ≥ 10000
P≥0 G≥0

LINGO obtained as follows:

Objective value: 10.22490

Variable Value Reduced Cost

P 5684.211 0.000000

G 4736.842 0.000000

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

1 10.22490 -1.000000

2 0.000000 -0.5680501E-01

3 8.894737 0.000000

4 105.7895 0.000000

5 0.000000 -0.5796429E-05

6 421.0526 0.000000

Protein 180 g, 65 mg of iron and vitamin C1050 mg of limitations, plus edible and the weight
ratio of 6:5 minimum weekly requirement under the 10kg limit, Maria decided to buy 5684.211 g
of potatoes with 4732.842 g of green beans, the required cost of $ 10.2249 yuan.
And found the original context two basic solutions are to reduce costs based solution into peas.
【Situation 4: In the search for Maria's under to find a substitute for green beans Lima beans
(Lima Beans), to purchase the amount of $ 0.6 per pound, the following nutrients, iron demand
for 65 mg, other things being equal .
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Lima Beans Lima Beans

Protein 22.68 g per 10 ounces 8 g per 100 g → 8%

Iron 6.804 mg per 10 ounces → 2.4 mg per 100 g → 2.4%

Vitamin C 0 0%

Mode as follows:

 0.4   0.6 
min  P +  G
 454   454 
0.015P + 0.08G ≥ 180
0.003P + 0.024G ≥ 65
0.12P ≥ 1050
5P − 6G ≥ 0
P + G ≥ 10000
P≥0 G≥0

LINGO obtained as follows:

Objective value: 9.843062

Variable Value Reduced Cost

P 8750.000 0.000000

G 1614.583 0.000000

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

1 9.843062 -1.000000
 2 80.41667 0.000000

3 0.000000 -0.5506608E-01

4 0.000000 -0.5965492E-02

5 34062.50 0.000000

6 364.5833 0.000000

Protein 180 g, 80 mg of iron and vitamin C1050 mg of limitations, plus edible and
the weight ratio of 6:5 minimum weekly requirement under the 10kg limit, Maria
decided to buy 8750 g of potatoes with 1614.583 g Lima beans, needed to spend
the $ 9.843062 yuan.
In such a purchase combination, you can find, just meet the minimum iron and
vitamin C demand <surplus = 0>, protein, edible weight ratio and the minimum
demand is more than a week, meaning to say: these three restrictions type does
not affect the feasible solution area.

Also can be seen in other conditions remain unchanged, the reduction of 1 unit of iron demand,
can reduce the cost of 0.055 yuan; in other conditions unchanged, reducing demand for 1 unit of
vitamin C can reduce cost element.
Graphic results are as follows:
【5】 Situation: All-State University student group to re-assess the nutritional
requirements for school, that demands too loose iron demand, the demand
requirement of vitamin C too tight, then re-set the nutritional needs of a table: the
protein needs to maintain the same 180 g, demand for iron and vitamin C into 120
mg into 500 mg, Maria still buy lima beans.
【4】 by the situation that the plan were: to change the RHS feasible solution area
will be changed, it will alter the optimal solution.
Mode as follows:

 0.4   0.6 
min  P +  G
 454   454 
0.015P + 0.08G ≥ 180
0.003P + 0.024G ≥ 120
0.12P ≥ 500
5P − 6G ≥ 0
P + G ≥ 10000
P≥0 G≥0

LINGO obtained as follows:

Objective value: 10.69855

Variable Value Reduced Cost

X1 5714.286 0.000000

X2 4285.714 0.000000

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

1 10.69855 -1.000000

2 248.5714 0.000000

3 0.000000 -0.2097755E-01

4 185.7143 0.000000

5 2857.143 0.000000

6 0.000000 -0.8181246E-03
Protein 180 g, iron and Vitamin C500 mg 120 mg limit, coupled with the edible and the weight
ratio of 6:5 minimum weekly requirement under the 10kg limit, Maria decided to buy 5714.286 g
of potatoes with 4285.714 g of Lima beans, needed to spend to $ 10.69855 yuan.
In such a purchase combination, you can find, just meet the minimum requirement for iron and
weekly demand <surplus = 0>, protein, vitamin C and weight ratio is more than edible, meaning
to say: this does not affect the three constraints feasible solution area.Listen
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