Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
for Bushings
Doble Engineering Diagnostics Toolbox
Arturo H. Oropeza
• Capacitor/Condenser Type:
– Oil-Impregnated Paper Insulation
– Resin Bounded Paper Insulation
• Non-Condenser Type:
– Solid
– Alternate Layers of Solid and Liquid Insulation
– Gas-filled
Main Insulation C1
Grounded
Center CA = CB = CC = CD = CE = CF= CG = CH = CI = CJ CK Layer/Flange
Conductor
CH
CI
CJ
CK
Tap Electrode
Foil
Grounded
Layer/Flange
C2 Plate
Grounded
Layer/Flange
CI
CJ
CK
Tap Electrode
Grounded
Layer/Flange
C2 Plate
Grounded
Layer/Flange Semi-Conducting Paper
Center Conductor
Tapped Capacitance-Graded Core Layer
Liquid/Compound Filler
Main Insulating Core
Insulating Weather shed
Capacitance Graded
Core Layers
Tap-Cover
Tap Insulation
Tap Electrode
Connection to Tapped
Core Layer
Mounting Flange
Ground Sleeve
Bushings Doble Testing 9
Difference Between Power Factor Test
and Potential Taps
• Power Factor test taps • Potential Tap
– Bushings rated = < 69 KV – Bushing Rated > 69 kV
– C2 ~ C1 (except Lapp PRC – C2 ~ C1 x 10 (C2 >> C1)
s.n. > 00-189100)
– In Service: Floating,
– Grounded in Service Supplying Voltage, or
Grounded
– Doble Test Voltage: 500 V
(except Ohio Brass Class L – Doble Test Voltage: 2 KV
Bushing, to which no more (based on type up to 5 KV)
than 250 Volts should be
applied)
• Inverted C1 (UST)
– Tap to Center Conductor
– DO NOT exceed Tap Voltage Rating
• Tip-up Test (for C1 Standard)
– Repeat C1 Test at 2 and 10 kV or 2 and L-G kV if less
than 10kV
• Alternate C2 Test (GST-ground)
– Tap to Center Conductor (C1 + C2)
• Supplemental Hot Collar Tests
– Multiple Collars
High
Take advantage of the Voltage
Short Circuit in place Windings
for the Overall test
(HV windings, LV
CH
windings, and CHL
Neutral Bushing CL
disconnected from
ground) to complete Low
Bushings tests. Voltage
Windings
Test Includes
•Main C1 Core Insulation
Ground Lead
Bushing and
Apparatus Ground
Center Conductor
Test Tap
Low-Voltage Lead
C1
C2
I & W Meter
Test Ground
Power Factor
• Modern Condenser Type Bushings in Acceptable condition
– Will depend on the manufacturer and type
– Generally the order of 0.5%
– Temperature correction to 20°C
• Deteriorated Bushings
– Generally Between 0.5% to 1.0%
• Investigate Bushings
– Above 1.0%
Current/Capacitance
• Recommended Limits
– + 5% - Investigate
– + 10% - Investigate/Remove From Service
Test Includes
• Tap Insulator
• Core Insulation between tapped layer and
Bushing ground sleeve
• Portion of liquid or compound filler
• Portion of Weather shed near flange
High Voltage Lead
I & W Meter
Bushings Doble Testing 20
Tap Insulation C2 Test
Dielectric Circuit
Low Voltage Lead
Center Conductor
High Voltage Lead
C1
C2
I & W Meter
Guard
Test Includes
• Portion of insulating Weather shed
• Sight-glass Bushing and
• Core insulation in upper area Apparatus Ground
• Liquid or compound filler in the upper area
• Surface leakage from Collar to LV lead and to
bushing flange
Ground Lead
Guard
Test Includes
• Core Insulation in Upper Area
• Liquid or Compound Filler in the Bushing and
Upper Area Apparatus Ground
Test Includes
• Portion of insulating Weather
shed sight-glass Bushing and
• Surface leakage from Collar to LV Apparatus Ground
lead and to Bushing flange
• Test Voltage 10 KV
• Recommended Acceptable Limits:
– Watts < = 0.1 Watts (100 mW)
– Current: similar for same type Bushings
Same Bushings,
Contaminated .095 0.31
Same Bushing,
Low Liquid Level .070 0.02
Why?
• Bushings acceptance (in combination with the other
Standard tests C1, C2, Hot-Collar)
• Overall test in GST-Ground will provide a quick test
reference
• Spares need to be ready at a moment notice
• Benchmarking for future reference
• Quick check on quality of manufacturing
Test Includes
• Main C1 Core Insulation
• Insulating Weather shed
• Sight-glass
• Lower insulator
• Portion of liquid or compound filler
Guard
Ground Lead
* Type S, Form F, DF & EF (flexible cable) redesigned as Types B, BD, and BE,
respectively. Type S, no Form letter (through porcelain) redesigned as Type A
Typical Questionable
C1 C1
PF PF
Typical C2 power factors for older PRC design range from 4-15% due to injected
compound used
during manufacturing.
Type RJ
(Solid Porcelain) 1.0 2.0
Arturo H. Oropeza
Principal Engineer
Doble Engineering Company
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conditions hereunder, that Doble® will suffer irreparable damage and injury if you breach any of the conditions stated above, and that
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