Induced fit model

Better than lock and key – like wearing gloves- the substrate changes shape
the active site continues to change until the substrate is completely bound to it, at which
point the final shape and charge is determined. - flexible

Lock and key model

In the lock-and-key model, the interaction of the substrate and the enzyme is likened to a
key (the substrate) that is highly specific to the lock (the active site of the enzyme).

Competitive inhibitor

Competitive inhibition is a form of enzyme inhibition where binding of an inhibitor to the

active site that prevents binding of the target molecule of the enzyme, also known as the
substrate.

Non-competitive inhibitor

Noncompetitive Inhibitors. A noncompetitive inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzyme at a

site away from the active site; this allows the substrate to bind normally (Fig. 4-7). However, the
enzyme is completely inactivated when the inhibitor is bound and the substrate cannot be
converted to the product.

Noncompetitive inhibitor can bind to an enzyme with or without a substrate at different places
at the same time. It changes the conformation of an enzyme as well as its active site, which
makes the substrate unable to bind to the enzyme effectively so that the efficiency decreases.

Allosteric regulation

An allosteric site does not bind substrate, but instead binds another regulatory molecule that
affects the enzyme's regulation. The regulatory molecule can consist of inhibitors or
activators. There is two, allosteric activation and allosteric deactivation.
Feedback inhibition

Feedback inhibition is a form of enzyme regulation whereby products prevent product

formation by binding to an allosteric site and inhibiting enzyme activity.

Anagonic,

In an exergonic reaction, energy is released to the surroundings. The bonds being formed are
stronger than the bonds being broken. I

In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. . The bonds being
formed are weaker than the bonds being broken

exagonic

Catabolic

Two types of metabolic reactions take place in the cell: 'building up' (anabolism) and 'breaking
down' (catabolism).

Breaks ……Catabolic reactions give out energy. They are exergonic. In a catabolic reaction
large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into
water and oxygen:
Builds up…..Anabolic reactions use up energy. They are endergonic. In an anabolic reaction small
molecules join to make larger ones. For example, the following condensation reactions that occur in cells
are anabolic:

Anabolic

Co factors

Cofactors, mostly metal ions or coenzymes, are inorganic and organic chemicals that
assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

cofactors also play an important role in blood coagulation. Two protein cofactors, factor V and
factor VIII