3/10/2018 Kalasha - Wikipedia

Kalasha
A kalasha, also spelled kalash or kalasa (Sanskrit: कलश;;kalaśa,Tamil:
ரண ம் பம் ;;pooranakumbham, literally "pitcher, pot"), is a metal (brass,
copper, silver or gold) pot with a large base and small mouth, large enough to
hold a coconut.

Sometimes "Kalasha" also refers to such a pot filled with water and topped
with a coronet of mango leaves and a coconut. This combination is often used
in Hindu rites and depicted in Hindu iconography. The entire arrangement is
called Purna-Kalasha (पूणकलश), Purna-Kumbha (पूणकु ), or Purna-
ghata (पूणघट). Each of these names literally means "full or complete vessel"
when the pot is referred to as the Kalasha (to avoid confusion, this article will
refer to the pot as Kalasha and the entire arrangement as Purna-Kalasha).
Sometimes the Kalasha is filled with coins, grain, gems, gold, or a combination
of these items instead of water. The coronet of 5, 7, or 11 mango leaves is placed The Purna-Kalasha
such that the tips of the leaves touch water in the Kalasha. The coconut is
sometimes wrapped with a red cloth and red thread; the top of the coconut
(called Shira – literally "head") is kept uncovered. A sacred thread is tied around the metal pot. The Shira is kept facing
the sky. The Kalasha is viewed as an auspicious object in Jainism. The Kalasha is used as a ceremonial object as well as a
decorative motif in Indian art and architecture. The Kalasha motif was used in decorating bases and capitals of pillars
from the 5th century.[1]

The Kalasha is part of the official state emblem of Andhra Pradesh state in India.[2]

In Hinduism
The Purna-Kalasha is considered a symbol of abundance and "source of life" in
the Vedas. Purna-Kumbha is preeminently a Vedic motif, known from the time
of Rigveda. It is also called Soma-Kalasha, Chandra-Kalasha, Indra-Kumbha,
Purnaghata, Purna-Virakamsya, Bhadra ghata, or Mangala ghata. It is referred
to as "overflowing full vase" (purno-asya Kalasha) in the Vedas.[3]

The Kalasha is believed to contain amrita, the elixir of life, and thus is viewed
as a symbol of abundance, wisdom, and immortality. The Kalasha is often seen
in Hindu iconography as an attribute, in the hands of Hindu deities like the
creator god Brahma, the destroyer god Shiva as a teacher, and the goddess of Worship of a Kalasha
prosperity Lakshmi.[4]

The Purna-Kalasha is believed to be a symbol of auspiciousness embodying either Ganesha, remover of obstacles, or his
mother Gauri, the goddess of household bounty or Lakshmi. The Purna-Kalasha is worshipped in all Hindu festivities
related to marriage and childbirth, as a mother goddess or Devi. In this context, the metal pot or Kalasha represents
material things: a container of fertility - the earth and the womb, which nurtures and nourishes life. The mango leaves
associated with Kama, the god of love, symbolize the pleasure aspect of fertility. The coconut, a cash crop, represents
prosperity and power. The water in the pot represents the life-giving ability of Nature.[5]

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Sometimes, a silver or brass face of the Goddess is attached over the coconut of the Purna-Kalasha. In this form, the
Purna-Kalasha symbolizes the Goddess as the manifestation of mother earth with her water, minerals, and vegetation.
This method of Kalash pooja (worship) has come in for Vishnu in household functions too.[6]

The Purna-Kalasha is also worshipped at Hindu ceremonies like Griha Pravesha (house warming), child naming, havan
(fire-sacrifice), Vaastu dosha rectification, and daily worship.

Other intrepretations of the Purna-Kalasha associate with the five elements or the chakras. The wide base of metal pot
represents the element Prithvi (Earth), the expanded centre - Ap (water), neck of pot - Agni (fire), the opening of the
mouth - Vayu (air), and the coconut and mango leaves - Akasha (aether). In contexts of chakras, the Shira (literally
"head") - top of the coconut symbolizes Sahasrara chakra and the Moola (literally "base") - base of Kalasha - the
Muladhara chakra.[7]

A kalash is placed with due rituals on all important occasions. It is placed near the entrance as a sign of welcome. It is also
used in a traditional manner while receiving holy personages.

In Jainism
The Kalasha is included in the Ashtamangala lists of both the Svetambara and Digambara sects of Jainism. Two eyes are
depicted around the Kalasha, symbolising right faith and right knowledge. It is used for religious and social ceremonies. It
is used in temples when certain images are being worshipped. When one enters a new home it is customary to carry the
kalasha on the head reciting mantras. This ceremony is performed to welcome grace and happiness into the new home.
They first appear in stone in the Kushan Empire period (65-224 AD).[8] It is a symbol of auspiciousness.

References
1. Students' Britannica India by Dale Hoiberg,ani p. 183 Published 2000,
Popular Prakashan, ISBN 0-85229-760-2
2. http://www.ap.gov.in/
3. The Abode of Mahashiva: Cults and Symbology in Jaunsar-Bawar in the
Mid Himalayas by Madhu Jain. Contributor O. C. Handa. Published 1995,
Indus Publishing. 199 pages ISBN 81-7387-030-6 p. 171 "Drona Parva,
11, 29"
4. The Book of Hindu Imagery: Gods, Manifestations and Their Meaning by
Eva Rudy Jansen
5. The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine by Devdutt The Purna-Kalasha symbol painted,
Pattanaik p.54 Published 2000, Inner Traditions / Bear & Company , 176 between the two cows, on the rear
pages, ISBN 0-89281-807-7 of a truck in India
6. Flipside of Hindu Symbolism (Sociological and Scientific Linkages in
Hinduism) by M. K. V. Narayan p.137 Published 2007, Fultus Corporation,
200 pages, ISBN 1-59682-117-5
7. India: Known Things, Unknown Secrets by R. Venugopalan pp.130-132 Published 2004 B. Jain Publishers 290 pages
ISBN 81-8056-373-1
8. Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-violence by Kurt Titze and Klaus Bruhn p.234 Published 1998,
Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 267 pages, ISBN 81-208-1534-3

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