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Shankha
A Shankha [Sanskrit:शङ् ख] is a conch shell of ritual and religious importance
in Hinduism and Buddhism. It is the shell of a large predatory sea snail,
Turbinella pyrum, found in the Indian Ocean.

In Hindu mythology, the shankha is a sacred emblem of the Hindu preserver

god Vishnu. It is still used as a trumpet in Hindu ritual, and in the past was
used as a war trumpet. The shankha is praised in Hindu scriptures as a giver of
fame, longevity and prosperity, the cleanser of sin and the abode of Lakshmi,
who is the goddess of wealth and consort of Vishnu.

The shankha is displayed in Hindu art in association with Vishnu. As a symbol

of water, it is associated with female fertility and serpents (Nāgas). The
shankha is the state emblem of the Indian state of Kerala and was also the
national emblems of the Indian princely state of Travancore, and the Kingdom
of Cochin.

The shankha is one of the eight auspicious symbols of Buddhism, the

Carved conches or Vamavarta
Ashtamangala, and represents the pervasive sound of Buddhism. shankhas, circa 11-12th century,
Pala period, India: The leftmost one
A powder made from the shell material is used in ayurveda as a treatment for
is carved with the image of Lakshmi
stomach ailments.[1] and Vishnu, and has silver
additions.
In the Western world, in the English language, the shell of this species is
known as the "divine conch" or the "sacred chank". It may also be simply called
a "chank" or conch. The more common form of this shell is known as "left-
turning" in a religious context, although scientists would call it "dextral". A
very rarely encountered form has reverse coiling which is called "right-turning"
in a religious context, but is known as "sinistral" or left-coiling in a scientific
context.

Contents A Shankha (conch shell) with

Vishnu emblem carved.
Characteristics
Types
Significance of the Dakshinavarta shankha

Uses
Ayurveda
Significance
In Hindu iconography and art
In Hindu legend
Association with Nāgas
See also
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References
Bibliography
External links

Characteristics
This shell is from a sea snail species Turbinella pyrum in the family Turbinellidae. This species is found living in the
Indian Ocean and surrounding seas. The shell is porcelaneous (i.e. the surface of the shell is strong, hard, shiny, and
somewhat translucent, like porcelain).

The overall shape of the main body of the shell is oblong or conical. In the oblong form, it has a protuberance in the
middle, but tapers at each end. The upper portion (the siphonal canal) is corkscrew-shaped, while the lower end (the
spire) is twisted and tapering. Its colour is dull, and the surface is hard, brittle and translucent. Like all snail shells, the
interior is hollow. The inner surfaces of the shell are very shiny, but the outer surface exhibits high tuberculation.[2] In
Hinduism, the shiny, white, soft shankha with pointed ends and heavy is the most sought after.[3]

Types
Based on its direction of coiling, the shankha has two varieties:[4][5]

Significance of the Dakshinavarta shankha

A Dakshinavarti Shankh: This is the very rare sinistral form of the species, where the shell coils or whorls expand in a
counterclockwise spiral if viewed from the apex of the shell.
The Vamavarta ("left-turned" as viewed with the aperture uppermost): This is the very commonly occurring dextral
form of the species, where the shell coils or whorls expand in a clockwise spiral when viewed from the apex of the
shell. In Hinduism, a dakshinavarta shankha symbolizes infinite space and is associated with Vishnu. The Vamavarta
shankha represents the reversal of the laws of nature and is linked with Shiva.[6]
The Dakshinavarta shankha is believed to be the abode of the wealth goddess Lakshmi - the consort of Vishnu, and hence
this type of shankha is considered ideal for medicinal use. It is a very rare variety from the Indian Ocean. This type of
shankha has three to seven ridges visible on the edge of the aperture and on the columella and has a special internal
structure. The right spiral of this type reflects the motion of the planets. It is also compared with the hair whorls on the
Buddha's head that spiral to the right. The long white curl between Buddha's eyebrows and the conch-like swirl of his
navel are also akin to this shankha.[5][7]

The Varaha Purana tells that bathing with the Dakshinavarta shankha frees one from sin. Skanda Purana narrates that
bathing Vishnu with this shankha grants freedom from sins of seven previous lives. A Dakshinavarta shankha is
considered to be a rare "jewel" or ratna and is adorned with great virtues. It is also believed to grant longevity, fame and
wealth proportional to its shine, whiteness and largeness. Even if such a shankha has a defect, mounting it in gold is
believed to restore the virtues of the shankha.[3]

Uses
In its earliest references, shankha is mentioned as a trumpet and in this form it became an emblem of Vishnu.
Simultaneously, it was used as a votive offering and as a charm to keep away the dangers of the sea. It was the earliest
known sound-producing agency as manifestation of sound, and the other elements came later, hence it is regarded as the
original of the elements. It is identified with the elements themselves.[8] [9]

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To make a trumpet or wind instrument, one drills a hole near the tip of the
apex of the shankha. When air is blown through this hole, it travels through the
whorls of the shankha, producing a loud, sharp, shrill sound. This sound is the
reason the shankha was used as a war trumpet, to summon helpers and
friends. Shanka continued to be used in battles for a long time. The sound it
produced was called shankanad.

Nowadays, the shankha is blown at the time of worship in Hindu temples and
homes, especially in the ritual of the Hindu aarti, when light is offered to the Hindu priest blowing a shankha
deities. The shankha is also used to bathe images of deities, especially Vishnu, during a puja
and for ritual purification. No hole is drilled for these purposes, though the
aperture is cut clean or rarely the whorls are cut to represent five consecutive
shells with five mouths.[10][11]

Shankha is used as a material for making bangles, bracelets and other objects.[10] Because of its aquatic origin and
resemblance to the vulva, it has become an integral part of the Tantric rites. In view of this, its symbolism is also said to
represent female fertility. Since water itself is a fertility symbol, shankha, which is an aquatic product, is recognised as
symbolic of female fertility. In ancient Greece, shells, along with pearls, are mentioned as denoting sexual love and
marriage, and also mother goddesses.[8]

Different magic and sorcery items are also closely connected with this trumpet. This type of device existed long before the
Buddhist era.

'Southwestern conch ''' Southwestern conch 'The expanse of this conch that makes it very valuable too. Identification
of conch - 1- Spinning on the near-ear, 2- Bubble bamboo on the right and arms of the conch on the water when placed on
the water, 3- Do not burn the fire on the face of the conch with a camouflaged fire 4- Touching a sick man and fixing it, 5-
If the moon or sun is eclipsed on the day of full moon, then once in a month and a half months, once in a cow's place, after
harvesting the conch, the cow's place Milk itself coming out, 6 - cho Decrease of injury or pain due to touching the conch
for a few seconds at the closed locations. The conclusion of which is only southwards is also very rare, the great scientist
of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, and the Monsoon of the Discovery Channel, believes that drinking water from this conch
ending with a disease like AIDS-AIDS It is done, this conch is used to claim the diseases like cancer - AIDS. "An interesting
fact that makes it more fickle" "" The scientists of the Harvard University of America believe that if a person who has gone
into coma or has lost his mental balance, he sleeps By packing the time in the forehead, the person gets well soon. Some of
the things that make it worth millions of rupees. India's Shankaracharya Roopnand Saraswati believes that such a conch is
also known as greedy by tracing gold, diamonds and treasures like diamonds. Some such conch shells were stolen from the
Mahakalal temple in Ujjain in 2014, which was bought by a German company for 12 crores, which, when it was found, the
Indian government brought the conch into India by having a case on that company. The main way of identifying this conch
is also its weight. The weight of this conch is less than 1 kilogram, and the five strips of its side part are small and thin. The
shape of the furor of the next part of this conch is 1 to one side and from one side to the other 4, and on the second layer of
furrow, on the other hand half c of the natural small and lower pore is found, due to which this conch natural energy He
assumes that, the conch, who has it, the glory and riches kissing the same verse.

Some superstitions spread over this conch 1- Some people try to put it in rice to test it, so that the conch should come out
of its own, when nothing is done like that, it is a science tread, a chemical called Xavolan is placed in the conch and the
conch under the rice If the beans are kept then the conch is reacting with rice itself, it is because this chemical reacts with
carbohydrate present in the rice and makes a gas in the center of the conch, and it Thunder is pushing the shell upwards
and come out of the shell of rice. It is made to develop Radar at Chemical Bhabha's Research Center, which people also

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consider buying it as a southern conch, and afterwards there is nothing else to repent.
2- Some people also say that the conch floral flower gives flowering flowers within 5-10 minutes, which is also found in
this flower carbohydrate and this chemical reacts in the inner part of this flower , And the gas flows out, causing the flower
to bloom immediately.

Ayurveda
Shankha is used in Ayurveda medicinal formulations to treat many ailments. It is prepared as conch shell ash, known in
Sanskrit as shankha bhasma, which is prepared by soaking the shell in lime juice and calcinating in covered crucibles, 10
to 12 times, and finally reducing it to powder ash.[2] Shankha bhasma contains calcium, iron and magnesium and is
considered to possess antacid and digestive properties.[12]

A compound pill called shankavati is also prepared for use in dyspepsia. In this case, the procedure followed is to mix
shankha bhasma with tamarind seed ash, five salts (panchlavana), asafoetida, ammonium chloride, pepper, carui,
caraway, ginger, long pepper, purified mercury and aconite in specified proportions. It is then triturated in juices of lemon
and made into a pill-mass.[2] It is prescribed for vata (wind/air) and pitta (bile) ailments, as well as for beauty and
strength.[3]

Significance
The sound of the shankha symbolises the sacred Om sound. Vishnu holding the
conch represents him as the god of sound. Brahma Vaivarta Purana declares
that shankha is the residence of both Lakshmi and Vishnu, bathing by the
waters led through a shankha is considered as like bathing with all holy waters
at once. Sankha Sadma Purana declares that bathing an image of Vishnu with
cow milk is as virtuous as performing a million yajnas (fire sacrifices), and
bathing Vishnu with Ganges river water frees one from the cycle of births. It
A sacred shankha on the flag of
further says "while the mere sight of the conch (shankha) dispels all sins as the
Travancore, India
Sun dispels the fog, why talk of its worship?"[3] Padma Purana asserts the same
effect of bathing Vishnu by Ganges water and milk and further adds doing so
avoids evil, pouring water from a shankha on one's own head before a Vishnu image is equivalent to bathing in the pious
Ganges river.[10]

In Buddhism, the conch shell has been incorporated as one of the eight auspicious symbols, also called Ashtamangala.
The right-turning white conch shell (Tibetan: ང་ ས་འ ིལ, Wylie: dung gyas 'khyil), represents the elegant, deep, melodious,
interpenetrating and pervasive sound of Buddhism, which awakens disciples from the deep slumber of ignorance and
urges them to accomplish their own welfare and the welfare of others.

Shankha was the Royal State Emblem of Travancore and also figured on the Royal Flag of the Jaffna kingdom. It is also
the election symbol of the Indian political party Biju Janata Dal.

In Hindu iconography and art

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Shankha is one of the main attributes of Vishnu. Vishnu's images, either in

sitting or standing posture, show him holding the shankha usually in his left
upper hand, while Sudarshana Chakra (chakra - discus), gada (mace) and
padma (lotus flower) decorate his upper right, the lower left and lower right
hands, respectively.[13]

Avatars of Vishnu like Matsya,

Kurma, Varaha and Narasimha are
A shankha carved also depicted holding the shankha,
along with the other attributes of
Vishnu. Krishna - avatar of Vishnu
is described possessing a shankha called Panchajanya. Regional Vishnu forms
like Jagannath and Vithoba may be also pictured holding the shankha. Besides
Vishnu, other deities are also pictured holding the shankha. These include the
sun god Surya, Indra - the king of heaven and god of rain[14] the war god The shankha on the right is the icon
Kartikeya,[15] the goddess Vaishnavi[16] and the warrior goddess Durga.[17] for Vishnu at the Dattatreya temple,
Similarly, Gaja Lakshmi statues show Lakshmi holding a shankha in the right Bhaktapur Nepal
hand and lotus on the other.[18]

Sometimes, the shankha of Vishnu is personified as Ayudhapurusha "weapon-man" in the sculpture and depicted as a
man standing beside Vishnu or his avatars.[19] This subordinate figure is called the Shankhapurusha who is depicted
holding a shankha in both the hands. Temple pillars, walls, gopuras (towers), basements and elsewhere in the temple,
sculpted depictions of the shankha and chakra - the emblems of Vishnu - are seen.[20] The city of Puri also known as
Shankha-kshetra is sometimes pictured as a shankha or conch in art with the Jagannath temple at its centre.[17]

Shaligrams are iconographic fossil stones particularly found in the Gandaki River in Nepal which are worshipped by
Hindus as representative of Vishnu. The shaligrama - which has the marks of a shanka, chakra, gada and padma arranged
in this particular order – is worshipped as Keshava. Twenty-four orders of the four symbols defined for Shaligrama are
also followed in worship of images of Vishnu with different names. Out of these, besides Keshava the four names of images
worshipped starting with Shankha on the upper hand, are: Madhusudanah, Damodara, Balarama and Vamana.[21][22]

In Hindu legend
A Hindu legend in the Brahma Vaivarta Purana recalls the creation of conchs: Shiva flung a trident towards the asuras,
burning them instantaneously. Their ashes flew in the sea creating conchs.[3] Shankha is believed to be a brother of
Lakshmi as both of them were born from the sea. A legend describes an asura named Shankhasura, who was killed by
Vishnu's fish avatar, Matsya.[23]

In the Hindu epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata, the symbol of Shankha is widely adopted. In the Ramayana epic,
Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna are considered as part-incarnations of Sheshanaga, Sudarshana Chakra and
Shankha, respectively, while Rama, their eldest brother, is considered as one of the ten Avatars of shri Vishnu.[24]

During the great Mahabharata war, Krishna, as the charioteer of the Pandava prince and a protagonist of the epic - Arjuna
- resounds the Panchajanya to declare war. Panchajanya in Sanskrit means 'having control over the five classes of
beings'.[11] All five Pandava brothers are described having their own shankhas. Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and
Sahadeva are described to possess shankhas named Ananta-Vijaya, Poundra-Khadga, Devadatta, Sughosha and Mani-
pushpaka, respectively.[3]

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Association with Nāgas

Because of the association of the shankha with water, nāgas are often named
after the shankha. The list of Nāgas in the Mahabharata, the Harivamsha and
the Bhagavat Purana includes names like Shankha, Mahashankha,
Shankhapala and Shankachuda. The last two are also mentioned in the
Buddhist Jataka Tales and the Jimutavahana.[25] A legend states that while
using Shankha as part of meditative ritual, a sadhu blew his shankha in the
forest of village Keoli and a snake crept out of it. The snake directed the sadhu
that he should be worshipped as Nāga Devata (Serpent God) and since then it A sadhu sounding the shankha.
has been known as Shanku Naga. Similar legends are narrated at many other
places in Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh.[26]

See also
Melo melo
Dakshinavarti Shankh

References
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