SUEZ CANAL University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical power Department
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines

Assignment (4)
1) Water is to be siphoned through a tube 1 m long and 2
mm in diameter, as in Fig. P1. Is there any height H for which
the flow might not be laminar? What is the flow rate if H = 50 cm?
Neglect the tube curvature.

2) For the configuration shown in Fig. P2, the fluid is ethyl

alcohol at 20°C, and the tanks are very wide. Find the flow rate
which occurs in m3/h. Is the flow laminar?

3) Let us attack Prob.2 in symbolic fashion, using Fig. P3. All

parameters are constant except the upper tank depth Z(t). Find an
expression for the flow rate Q(t) as a function of Z(t). Set up a
differential equation, and solve for the time t0 to drain the upper
tank completely. Assume quasi-steady laminar flow.

4) SAE 10 oil at 20°C flows through the 4-cm-diamete vertical pipe

of Fig. P4.For the mercury manometer reading h = 42 cm shown,
(a) calculate the volume flow rate in m3/h, and (b) state the
direction of flow.

5) A 70 percent efficient pump delivers water at 20°C from one

reservoir to another 20 ft higher, as in Fig. P5. The piping system
consists of 60 ft of galvanized- iron 2-in pipe, a reentrant entrance,
two screwed 90° long-radius elbows, a screwed- open gate valve,
and a sharp exit. What is the input power required in horsepower
with and without a 6° well-designed conical expansion added to
the exit? The flow rate is 0.4 ft3/s.

Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil

Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 6) The reservoirs in Fig. P6. are connected by cast-iron pipes joined
abruptly, with sharp-edged entrance and exit. Including minor
losses, estimate the flow of water at 20°C if the surface of
reservoir 1 is 45 ft higher than that of reservoir 2.

7) The water pump in Fig. P7. maintains a pressure of 6.5 psig at

point 1. There is a filter, a half-open disk valve, and two regular
screwed elbows. There are 80 ft of 4-inch diameter commercial
steel pipe. (a) If the flow rate is 0.4 ft3/s, what is the loss
coefficient of the filter? (b) If the disk valve is wide open and
Kfilter = 7, what is the resulting flow rate?

8) For the parallel-pipe system of Fig. P8., each pipe is cast iron,
and the pressure drop p1 − p2 = 3 lbf/in . Compute the total
flow rate between 1 and 2 if the fluid is SAE 10 oil at 20°C.

9) The parallel galvanized-iron pipe system of Fig. P9. delivers

water at 20°C with a total flow rate of 0.036 m3/s. If the pump is
wide open and not running, with a loss coefficient K = 1.5,
determine (a) the flow rate in each pipe and (b) the overall
pressure drop.

10) Modify Prob.9 as follows: Let the pump be running and

delivering 45 kW to the flow in pipe 2. The fluid is gasoline at 20°C.
Determine (a) the flow rate in each pipe, and (b) the overall
pressure drop.

11) In Fig. P.11 all pipes are 8-cm-diameter cast iron. Determine
the flow rate from reservoir (1) if valve C is (a) closed; and (b)
open, with Kvalve = 0.5.

12) For the piping system of Fig. P.12, all pipes are concrete
with a roughness of 0.04 inch. Neglecting minor losses, compute
the overall pressure drop p1 − p2 in lbf/in2. The flow rate is 20
ft3/s of water at 20°C.

Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil

Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 13) Three cast-iron pipes are laid in parallel with these
dimensions:
Pipe 1: L1 = 800 m d1 = 12 cm
Pipe 2: L2 = 600 m d2 = 8 cm
Pipe 3: L3 = 900 m d3 = 10 cm
3
The total flow rate is 200 m /h of water at 20°C. Determine (a) the
flow rate in each pipe; and (b) the pressure drop across the
system.

14) Consider the three-reservoir system of Fig. P6.121 with the

following data:

L1 = 95 m L2 = 125 m L3 = 160 m
z1 = 25 m z2 = 115 m z3 = 85 m
All pipes are 28-cm-diameter unfinished concrete (ε = 1 mm). Compute
the steady flow rate in all pipes for water at 20°C.

15) Modify Prob. 14 by reducing the diameter to 15 cm, with ε

= 1 mm. Compute the flow rate in each pipe. They all reduce,
compared to Prob. 14, by a factor of about 5.2. Can you explain
this?

16) Modify Prob. 14 on the previous page as follows. Let z3 be

unknown and find its value such that the flow rate in pipe 3 is 0.2
m3/s toward the junction. (This problem is best suited for
computer iteration.)

17) In the five-pipe horizontal network of Fig. P.17, assume that

all pipes have a friction factor f = 0.025. For the given inlet and
exit flow rate of 2 ft3/s of water at 20°C, determine the flow
rate and direction in all pipes. If pA = 120 lbf/in gage, determine
the pressures at points B, C, and D.

Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil

Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 18) An engineer who took college fluid mechanics on a pass-fail
basis has placed the static pressure hole far upstream of the
stagnation probe, as in Fig. P.18, thus contaminating the pitot
measurement ridiculously with pipe friction losses. If the pipe flow
is air at 20°C and 1 atm and the manometer fluid is Meriam red oil
(SG = 0.827), estimate the air centerline velocity for the given
manometer reading of 16 cm. Assume a smooth-walled tube.

19) The shower head in Fig. P.19 delivers water at 50°C. An

orifice-type flow reducer is to be installed. The up- stream
pressure is constant at 400 kPa. What flow rate, in gal/min,
results without the reducer? What reducer orifice diameter would
decrease the flow by 40 percent?

20) Air flows through a 6-cm-diameter smooth pipe which has a

2 m-long perforated section containing 500 holes (diameter 1
mm), as in Fig. P20. Pressure outside the pipe is sea-level
standard air. If p1 = 105 kPa and Q1 = 110 m3/h, estimate p2
and Q2, assuming that the holes are approximated by thin-
plate orifices. Hint: A momentum control volume may be very
useful.

21) In a laboratory experiment, air at 20°C flows from a large

tank through a 2- cm-diameter smooth pipe into a sea-level
atmosphere, as in Fig. P.21. The flow is metered by a long-radius
nozzle of 1-cm diameter, using a manometer with Meriam red oil
(SG = 0.827). The pipe is 8 m long. The measurements of tank
pressure and manometer height are as follows:

ptank, Pa (gage): 60 320 1200 2050 2470 3500 4900

hmano, mm: 6 38 160 295 380 575 820

Use this data to calculate the flow rates Q and Reynolds numbers
ReD and make a plot of measured flow rate versus tank pressure.
Is the flow laminar or turbulent? Compare the data with
theoretical results obtained from the Moody chart, including
minor losses .Discuss.

Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil

Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 Assignment's Figures

Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil

Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil
Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil
Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil
Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil
Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei
 Dr.Eng. Tamer Nabil
Page Eng. Ahmed Elsaei