Surah 1.

Al-Fathiha

PERIOD OF REVELATION

It is one of the very earliest Revelations. In fact, we learn from authentic Traditions that it was the first complete Surah
revealed to the Prophet (pbuh). Before this, only a few miscellaneous verses were revealed which form parts of S urah
'Alaq, Muzzammil and Muddaththir.

MAJOR ISSUES, DIVINE LAW AND GUIDANCE :

1. This Surah is known as Sab'a Mathani (Seven Oft-Repeated Verses).

2. It is also called Umm-ul-Kitab (Mother of the Book), foundation and essence of the Qur'an.
3. It is a mandatory part of each Islamic Prayer (Salah), recited at least seventeen times daily in the five
obligatory prayers.
4. This Prayer is taught by Allah (Almighty God) Himself to mankind, as a favor, to let them know the format of
a Prayer which is acceptable to Him.

THEME

This Prayer is for all those who want to study His Message. It is placed at the very beginning to teach the reader that if
he sincerely wants to benefit from the Qur'an, he should offer this prayer to the Rabb of the Universe. Al-Fatiha
teaches that the best thing for a man is to pray for "Guidance towards the Right Way" and to study the Qur'an with the
mental attitude of a seeker of truth, and to recognize that the Rabb of the Universe is the source of all knowledge.
They should, therefore, begin the study of Al-Qur'an with a prayer to Allah for Guidance.

It is important to know that the real relation between Al-Fatiha and the Qur'an is not that of an introduction to a book
but that of a prayer and its answer. Al-Fatiha is the prayer from the devotee and the rest of the Qur'an is the answer
from Allah. The devotee prays to Allah to show the "Right Way" and Allah places the whole of the Qur'an before him
in answer to his prayer, as if to say: "This is the Guidance that you have asked for".

NAME

This Surah is named Al-Fatiha because of its subject-matter. Fatiha is that which opens a subject or a book or any
other thing. In other words, Al-Fatihah is a sort of preface.

PERIOD OF REVELATION

It is one of the very earliest Revelations to the Holy Prophet. As a matter of fact, we learn from authentic Traditions
that it was the first complete Surah which was revealed to Muhammed (PBUH). Before this, only a few miscellaneous
verses were revealed which form parts of Surah Alaq, Muzzammil, Muddathir, etc.

THEME

This Surah is in fact a prayer which Allah has taught to all those who want to make a study of his book. It has been
placed at the very beginning of the book to teach this lesson to the reader: if you sincerely want to benefit from the
Quran, you should offer this prayer to the Lord of the Universe.

This preface is meant to create a strong desire in the heart of the reader to seek guidance from the Lord of the
Universe, who alone can grant it. Thus Al-Fatiha indirectly teaches that the best thing for a man is to pray for guidance
to the straight path, to study the Quran with the mental attitude of a seeker-after-truth and to recognize the fact that the
Lord of the Universe is the source of all knowledge. He should, therefore, begin the study of the Quran with a prayer
to him for guidance.

From this theme, it becomes clear that the real relation between Al-Fatiha and the Quran is not that of an introduction
to a book but that of a prayer and its answer. Al-Fatiha is the prayer from the servant and the Quran is the answer from
the the Master to his prayer. The servant prays to Allah to show him guidance and the Master places the whole of the
Quran before him in answer to his prayer, as if to say, "This is the Guidance you begged from Me."