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Chapter 6:
CNC Turning Center
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Contents
6.1 Introduction & Safety
6.2 Interpreting & Operating Control Panel
6.3 Job Setting
6.4 Job Referencing
6.5 Standard Working Parameters (RPM & Feed Rate) 6.6 G Codes and their functions
6.7 M Codes and their functions
6.8 Structure of Program
6.9 Part Programming
6.10 Sub Programming
6.11 Lathe Tools (Right/Left Hand) & Their Applications 6.12 Tools Offsetting on CNC
Turning Center
6.13 Adjustment of tool offset on tool wear
6.14 Manual Facing and Turning Program
6.15 Introduction to Canned Cycles
6.16 Rough Turning Canned Cycle (G71)
6.17 Rough Facing Canned Cycle (G72)
6.18 Finishing Canned Cycles (G70)
6.19 Drilling Canned Cycle (G74)
6.20 Grooving Canned Cycle (G75)
6.21 Threading Canned Cycle (G92)
6.22 Taper Threading
6.23 Fine Threading Canned Cycle (G76)
6.24 Boring/Internal Turning Canned Cycle (G71)
6.25 Use/Practice of SwanSoft for making complete programs and simulations
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6.1 Introduction & Safety

Computer Numerical Control refers to a computer controlled machine that reads
instructions in the form of codes and directs the machine tool for the manufacturing of
components.
 In modern CNC systems component design is highly automated using computer-aided
design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs.
Below are some general machine safety rules that you can use as a guide only. You might like to
add any other rules that apply to you.

 When working on the lathe, always stand straight; never lean on the lathe or reach over
the chuck when it is in operation.

 The area directly in front of and behind the workpiece is called the "red zone," because it
is at greatest risk for projectile pieces. When turning the lathe on, try to avoid standing in
the red zone, while keeping contact with the power switch in case the machine needs to
be turned off.

 If the workpiece vibrates, this is an indication that the speed is too fast. Reduce the speed
until the workpiece rotates steadily, without vibration.

 Threaded spindle noses should be used with caution, since rotating in the reverse
direction can cause the chuck or driver plate to unscrew and detach.

 If working with wood, beginners should avoid material that has splits, knots, or heavy
bark.

 Before sanding or polishing, remove the tool rest.

 Metal chips can be razor-sharp and should not be removed with hands. Instead, use pliers
for long chips and a brush or vacuum for short chips. Compressed air should not be used
to remove chips from the lathe, since it can blow the chips back into the users face.

 The lathe motor should always be turned off before adjusting the tool rest or any other
parts, or before cleaning, lubricating, or measuring. Likewise, turn off the power and wait
until the lathe comes to a full stop when mounting or removing accessories.

 Never leave a running lathe unattended. Power it off and wait until it has come to a full
stop before leaving the work area.

 Users should avoid operating the lathe when tired or under the influence of alcohol or
drugs. Alertness is vital for safe lathe operation.
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6.2 Interpreting & Operating Control Panel

Control System
Control unit is the brain of the CNC machine. To make a program for a CNC machine tool
means to make a program for the control system.

Operation Panel
Operation panel, full of rotary switches, toggle switches and push buttons.
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Handle
The official FANUC name for the handle is Manual Pulse Generator (MPG).

Manual Program interruptions

If a program needs to be interrupted in the middle of processing, the control offers several ways
to do that, using the machine operation panel. The most common features of this type are

 Single Block Operation

 Feed hold
 Emergency stop.

Single Block Operations

The normal purpose of a program is to control the machine tool automatically. Individual line of
code is called block. In the single block mode, only one block of the program will be processed
each time the cycle start key is pressed.
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Feed Hold
When feed hold button is processed during a rapid, linear or circular axes motion, it will
immediately stop the motion. Threading or tapping modes make the switch inoperative.

Emergency stop

 When this button is pressed, all machine activities will cease immediately.
 The main power supply will be interrupted and the will have to be restarted.

Manual Data input (MDI)

 In order to operate a CNC machine without conventional mechanical devices the control
system offers a feature called the manual data input – or MDI.
 Not all but majority of the programming codes are allowed in the MDI mode.

Program Data Override:

There are three override switches found on most control panels

 Rapid feed override( rapid traverse): modifies the rapid motion of the machine tool
 Spindle speed override: modifies the programmed spindle r/min
 Feedrate override (cutting federate): modifies the programmed federate.
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 The override are fine tuning tools only.

Rapid Motion override

 CNC machines are equipped with a rapid override switch to allow temporary rapid
motion settings.
 Located on the control panel the switch can be set at one of the three settings.
 They are mentioned as number percentage 100%, 50% and 25%.

Spindle Speed Override

 The spindle speed override switches are usually available within the range of 50-120%.
 For example a spindle programmed at 1000r/min can be overridden during machining to
500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 r/min.

Formula for Override

Sn=Sp×P×0.01
Sn=optimized or new r/min
Sp= originally programmed r/min
P= Percentage of spindle override

Feed rate Override

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Fn=Fp×P×0.01
Fn=optimized or new federate
Fp= originally programmed federate
P= percentage of federate override.

 In tapping cycles, the federate override will become ineffective.

Dry Run Operation

 It only has a direct effect on the federate and allows much higher federate than used for
actual machining.
 No actual machining takes place when the dry run switch is in effect.
 Its purpose is to test the integrity of the program before the CNC operator cuts the first
part.
 The program is executed dry without actual cutting, without a coolant just in the air.

Machine Lock

 When this function is enabled the motion of all axes is locked.

 It gives the CNC operator the chance to test the program with virtually no chance of a
collision.
 When the machine lock is enabled only the axis motion is locked. All other program
functions are executed normally, including the tool change and the spindle functions.

6.3 Job Setting

Proper setup is required when working on a CNC lathe. Since this is a risk of tooling and
machine damage, a proper setup is the best way to successfully turn and make parts for
production runs or prototyping. By following a thorough, proper setup procedure, you can reduce
the risk of tool damage and wasted raw material.
Adjust chuck jaws to accommodate raw material. The jaws of the chuck, which hold the
material, are usually adjustable with two screws on each jaw. Loosen each screw with the
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appropriate allen wrench and move each jaw to the required spot to allow the clamping force to
hold the material without crushing it.
Insert tooling required for the job. This may include boring bars, drills and insert holders for
turning the outside diameters of the raw material. The holders vary in size and shape and are
often held in place by screws in the tool turret.
Teach each tool with the teaching arm. Slowly move the tip of each tool toward the teaching eye.
When it touches that eye, you will usually hear a beep that signifies that the machine control
knows where the tip of the tool is located for precision cutting.
Set your zero, zero point. This is the starting dimension that will be used for the program to cut
the raw material you are using. Bring a previously taught tool to the edge of the raw material and
reset each axis, both X and Z to zero. The machine will use this point to base all of the other
cutting dimensions.
Program the lathe or call up an existing program that is in the machine. Most machine accept G
code, which is the most common way of machining any parts in a CNC machine, including
lathes. Many machinists use proprietary languages as they are sometimes easier to program on a
lathe.

6.4 Job Referencing

1- Machine zero point
An unchangeable reference point established by the machine manufacturer. Proceeding from this
point the entire machine is measured.
2-Reference point
A position in the machine working area which is determined exactly by limit switches. The slide
positions are reported to the control by the slides approaching
3-Tool mount reference point
Starting point for the measurement of the tools. „ lies at a suitable point on the tool holder system
and is established by the machine manufacturer
4-Workpiece zero point
Starting point for the dimensions in the part program.Can be freely established by the
programmer and moved as desired within the part program
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6.5 Standard Working Parameters (RPM & Feed Rate)

Calculation for Cutting Speed, Spindle Speed and Feed

6.6 G Codes and their functions

G-codes are preparatory codes, in a CNC program they begin with the letter G and direct the
machine. Typical actions G-code directs include:

 Changing a pallet
 Rapid movement
 A series of controlled feed moves, resulting in a workpiece cut, a bored hole, or a
decorative profile shape
 Controlling feed movement, in an arc or a straight line
 Setting tool information
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6.7 M Codes and their functions

Introduction to M Codes:
 M-codes are known as miscellaneous codes.
 M-codes are used for motion controls other than tool axis motion.
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6.8 Structure of Program

Program Name:
The program name always starts with letter O having tetra numbers.
For example O4846.
Units:
G20/G21
G21;
Home position:
G28 u0.0 w0.0:
Tool setting:
T0103: here 01 is tool turret position and 03 is tool offset.

Work reference and spindle speed limit:

G50 x z s :
Spindle on:
M03 s700:
Safe position:
G00 x z :
Programming according to workpiece:
……..
Program end:
M30;
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6.9 Part Programming

6.10 Sub Programming

In sub programming, we called a sub program in main program by using Code M98 and end of
sub programming by using code M99.
CNC Program

Main Program:

N0 G90 F0.2 S1200 T0101 M04

N10 G00 X42 Z2
N30 M98 P12000 (call subprog. O2000 once)
N130 G28 U0 W0
N140 M05 M30

Subprogram:

O2000;
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N30 G73 U12 R24

N40 G73 P50 Q120 U0.05 W0.05
N50 G01 X16 Z0
N60 G01 X16 Z-20
N70 G03 X30 Z-28 R8
N71 G01 X30 Z-45
N80 G01 X40 Z-60
N90 G01 X40 Z-68
N100 G02 X40 Z-78 R8
N110 G01 X40 Z-88
N120 G01 X50 Z2
N121 M99

6.11 Lathe Tools (Right/Left Hand) & Their Applications

Lathe tools and its applications:
Name Figure Application/Use
1.Right and left This tool is used for external turning, facing,
hand Turning tool taper turning operations.

2.Right and left This tool is used for external grooving

hand grooving tool operation.
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3.Internal This tool is used for internal

turning/Boring bar turning/increasing hole operation.
tool

4.internal This tool is used for internal grooving

Grooving tool operation.

5.Center Drill This tool is used for centering operion.

6.Drill This tool is used for hole operation.

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7.External This tool is used for external threading

threading tool operation.

8.Internal This tool is used for internal threading

threading tool operation.

9.Parting tool This tool is used for parting operation.

6.12 Tools Offsetting on CNC Turning Center

Tool Offset in CNC Lathe with Fanuc Control
There are variety of cnc machines in the market, and almost every cnc machine in a cnc
workshop has different kind of cnc machine controls if controls are not different they might have
different versions of the same cnc machine control. As the operating of different cnc machines
controls is very much different from one another the same way Tool Offsetting is very much
different. Here I will discuss the cnc tool measurement on Fanuc.
Tool Offset Setting on Fanuc TC
Some cnc machines has some kind of built-in mechanism of tool-offsetting, this built-in
mechanism of tool-offsetting makes adding new tools are changing existing tools a breeze,
because you just tie-up the tool in the tool-post on the cnc machine tool-turret and just perform
the procedure the cnc machine manufacture has given in the cnc machine operating and setting
manual. The Fanuc controls such as Fanuc TC has this capability, Just tie up tool in the tool
turret and perform a simple procedure and everything is done. The tool offsetting procedure
might be different from version to version, But on Fanuc TC this procedure is simple as under.
For tool offsetting of a new tool just tie up the tool in the tool post and in MDI (Manual Data
Input) Mode call up the tool in the working position by entering the command T1, the T is for
tool call up and 1 is tool number if you have your tool on another position you might change that
with that tool number.
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Now change the cnc machine to Jog Mode and touch the tool cutting point to the finished
component (already gripped in cnc machine jaws) face and bring the Tool-Geometry page and
enter under the tool number the command MZ0 this command will clear any previous values and
will measure the current tool’s tool-offset in Z-axis.

Now touch the tool to a known-diameter on the component and again in the tool-geometry page
enter the command MX50 you can enter the measured diameter value instead of 50. This way
now we have calculated the tool-measurement on the Fanuc TC cnc machine control.

6.13 Adjustment of tool offset on tool wear

Many current-model turning centers have two sets of offsets: Geometry offsets are used to assign
program zero during setup, and wear offsets are used to make sizing adjustments during the
production run.

When users view these offsets on the display screen, they look very similar. Each will have the
same number of offsets (32, 99, etc.) and four registers (X, Z, R and T).

Turret index and offset specification are done with a four-digit T word (T0101, for instance). The
first two digits of the T word specify the turret station number and the geometry offset number.
The second two digits specify the wear offset number.

When an offset is invoked, say T0101, the control will add the value in the geometry offset to the
value in the wear offset and use the result as the total offset. If a value of -10.0276 is in the X
register of the geometry offset and a value of (+) 0.001 is in the X register of the wear offset, the
total offset will be -10.0266.

So, it really doesn’t matter into which kind of offset you enter a given value. If you want to make
a sizing adjustment, you could enter it into the geometry offset; if you want to enter a program-
zero assignment value, you could enter it into a wear offset (assuming the wear offsets do not
have a maximum entry value on your machine).

Though these things are possible, I urge you to separate the use of offsets. Use geometry offsets
solely for program-zero assignment during setup. Use wear offsets solely for the purpose of
workpiece sizing during the production run.

While these may seem to be standard practices there are times when (in my opinion) offsets are
used somewhat inappropriately. Here are two examples:

Initial sizing on the first workpiece. The setup workers have just finished making the setup,
and they’re running the first workpiece hoping that it will pass inspection. They might be using
trial machining techniques to ensure that new tools just placed in the turret will machine the
workpiece to size. Tool number two, the finish-turning tool, has just completed its machining
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operation and they find that it has machined a 2-inch diameter that is 0.003-inch oversize. What
should they do?

Before answering, let me ask two more questions. What caused the 0.003-inch deviation? Did it
have anything to do with tool wear?
Though this initial deviation has more to do with program-zero assignment (possibly an
inaccurate touch off) than tool wear, most setup people will modify the wear offset (reducing it
by 0.003 inch). But do remember, they can just as easily reduce the geometry offset by 0.003
inch and the machine will behave in exactly the same manner.

What is the advantage of making the initial adjustments in the geometry offsets? For very small
lots there may not be any. But with larger lots, finishing tools will eventually wear out and be
replaced. During the tool’s life, it’s likely that several sizing adjustments have been made to
accommodate tool wear. When the cutting tool is replaced, the operator must also remember to
reset its wear offset. To what value will it be reset? If the initial adjustment is done in the wear
offset, the operator must remember its initial setting (-0.003 in the example above). But if the
initial adjustment is done in the geometry offset, they can simply reset the wear offset to zero.
(You may be questioning if the operators can precisely change or index an insert in such a
manner that it is in exactly the same position as the previous insert. But even if they cannot, they
must still know the initial wear-offset setting, regardless of whether trial machining will be done
when the tool is replaced.)

So again, I recommend that setup people make initial adjustments in geometry offsets so that the
values of wear offsets will be zero when the production run begins.

Tool nose radius compensation offset entries. The R and T registers are related to tool nose
radius compensation. R specifies the radius of the cutting tool and T is a code number that
specifies the tool type (T2 specifies a boring bar, and T3 specifies a turning tool). Again, there
are R and T registers in both the wear and geometry offset pages.

First of all, be sure your setup people are not entering duplicate values in both wear and
geometry offsets (I’ve often seen this mistake). If, for example, they enter a value of 0.0312 (for
a 1/32-inch tool nose radius) in both R registers, most controls will add them together and use the
total (0.0624 in our case). Worse, if they enter the T value in both registers—like T3 for a
turning tool—most controls will interpret the T word as T6 (not a turning tool). Note that there
are some parameter settings that deal with these issues, so some controls may behave differently
than others in this regard.

While the R and T registers have nothing to do with program-zero assignment, I recommend
entering tool nose radius compensation values into geometry offsets (leaving the R and T
registers of the wear offset at zero). There are applications when as a cutting tool dulls, its radius
gets smaller such as a button tool that machines a ball shape on the workpiece. Trying to deal
with this problem with the X and Z registers will never render the desired results. Entering the
amount of tool wear in the R register of the wear offset will correct the problem.
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6.14 Manual Facing and Turning Program

Simple Facing CNC Lathe Program Example

Simple cnc lathe program to show how a component can be Faced with a tool.
This also shows the tool movements.

Drawing/Image

CNC Program

%
N10 T03 M06
N20 G96 S150 G95 F0.1 D2500 (D = Maximum spindle speed)
N30 G00 X54 Z-2 M03 M08
N40 G01 X-1
N50 G00 X200 Z200 M09
N60 M30
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Turning CNC Programme

CNC Turning Center Programming Example

Easy to understand CNC turning center/cnc lathe programming example for cnc machinists who
work on cnc turning centers/cnc lathe machines.
This cnc programming example can be used as a cnc learning programming exercise for
beginners level cnc programmers/machinists.

CNC Turning Center Programming Example

N10 T03 D03 M06

N20 G97 S900 M04
N30 G00 G42 X40 Z5
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N40 G92 S3500

N50 G96 S250
N60 G01 X60 Z-5 F0.1
N70 Z-15
N80 X56 Z-20
N90 G02 X70 Z-30 R10
N100 G01 X80 Z-40
N110 X100
N120 Z-80
N130 X106
N140 G03 X116 Z-85 R5
N150 G01 X120
N160 G00 X150 Z100 G40 G97 S900 M05
N170 M30

6.15 Introduction to Canned Cycles

Canned Cycles:

 A canned cycle is a way of conveniently performing repetitive CNC machine operations.

 There are different Canned Cycles.
 Canned Cycle for Facing
 Canned cycle for OD and ID Turning
 Canned Cycle for Grooving
 Canned Cycle for Threading
 Canned Cycle for Peck Drilling

6.16 Rough Turning Canned Cycle (G71)

8.1) G71 Turning Cycle:
 G71 turning cycle is used for rough-material removal from a cnc lathe component.
 G71 turning cycle makes large diameter cutting easy.

Programming Format:
 G00X……….Z…………… (Start point)
 G71 U…………R…... (Depth of cut + return point)
 G71 P 70 Q110 U………..W…………F……; (finishing allowances + feed)
 N70 G00 X……….; (smallest dia)
 G01 Z…... (Feed Length)
X…………..;
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Z…………..;
 N110 X…... (Ending point)

First block

Parameter Description

U Depth of cut.

R Retract height.

Second block

Parameter Description

P Contour start block number.

Q Contour end block number.

U Finishing allowance in x-axis.

W Finishing allowance in z-axis.

F Feedrate during G71 cycle.

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G71 Example:

 Here is a CNC part-program which shows how G71 turning cycle can be used, this is the
program for the drawing given above
N50G00X106Z5M3S800
N60G71 U10 R10
N70G71 P80 Q90 U3 W0 F0.25
N80G00X60
N90G01Z-75

6.17 Rough Facing Canned Cycle (G72)

8.2) Facing Canned Cycle
G72 Facing Cycle is very useful for performing facing operations.

Programming Format

 G72 W…………R………..;
 G72 P…………Q………..U………..W…………F………;
 N100 G00 Z……….;
 G01 X…………..;
 N110 Z………..;

First Block

Parameter Description

W Depth of cut.

R Return value after a cut is complete.

Second Block

Parameter Description

P Contour start block number.

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Q Contour end block number.

U Finishing allowance in x-axis.

W Finishing allowance in z-axis.

F Feed-rate (overrides the feed-rates given between P block and Q block)

N5G00X65Z42
N6G72 U2 R2
N7G72 P8 Q9 U0 W0 F0.3
N8G00Z30
N9G01X20

6.18 Finishing Canned Cycles (G70)

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Finishing Canned Cycle G70:

Fanuc G70 G71 Rough and Finish Turning Cycle Program Example
N10 T1 G97 S800 M03
N20 G00 X45 Z2 G42
N30 G71 U2 R1
N40 G71 P50 Q120 U0.25 W0.1 F0.25
N50 G00 X19.8
N60 G01 X23.8 Z-2 F0.2
N70 G01 Z-25
N80 G01 X28.07
N90 G01 X34 Z-33
N100 G01 Z-48
N110 G01 X42
N120 G01 Z-58
N130 G00 X100 Z100
N140 G92 S1200
N150 T3 G96 S150 M03
N160 G00 X45 Z3
N170 G70 P50 Q120
N180 G00 X100 Z100
N190 M30

6.19 Drilling Canned Cycle (G74)

8.3) G74 Peck Drilling Cycle:
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 This canned cycle is very useful for drilling operations.

 Here is the simple CNC program example which shows simple CNC peck drilling on a
CNC lathe machine.

Simple CNC Lathe Drilling with Fanuc G74 Peck Drilling Cycle

N10T5
N20G97S500M03
N30G00X0Z2
N40G74 R1
N50G74Z-60 Q30000 F0.1
N60G00X100Z100

N70M30

 The above CNC program code shows that the tool no.5 which is a drill, will drill the
component with the peck drilling cycle G74.
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 The R in first block shows the amount ( 1mm) the drill will get back after it drills 30 mm
every time.

6.20 Grooving Canned Cycle (G75)

8.4) G75 Canned cycle Grooving:
 G75 grooving cycle has multiple parameters, which can be set according to needs.
 Here is a CNC program example for the G75 grooving cycle.

 Although it is a simple CNC program example for grooving, but this CNC program can be
easily altered to needs.
 The grooving tool is 4mm wide, started from z-22.
 Every time the grooving tool will take 2mm (P2000) cut in x-axis, and it will retract 1mm
(Pecking, First R1)
 After a groove in x-axis is complete it will start the next groove by moving the grooving
tool by 3mm (Q3000) in z-axis, and it will repeat it.
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6.21 Threading Canned Cycle (G92)

8.5) G92 Canned Cycle Threading:
 G92 Threading Cycle is very useful for performing threading operations.

Programming Format:
 G00X………..Z………..;
 G92 X…………Z………..F………….;
 X………..;
 X………..;
 X………..;
 G00X………..;

Minor diameter calculation procedure:

 Minor diameter= Original diameter-2(0.64* Pitch)
 Thread information is usually written as (M Diameter *Pitch)

Example:
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03802
N10T0505M42
N20G20G97S450M03
N30G00X3.2Z0.25M08
N40G92X2.972Z-1.6 FO.0833
N50X2.9520
N60X2.9360
N70X2.9230
N80X2.9130
N90X2.9040
N100X2.8978
N110 GOO X12.OZ4.5M09
N120M30

6.22 Taper Threading

Taper threading is not a usual practice in cnc machine workshops, but sometimes customer want
a component with taper threading, So here is the solution. Taper threading on a cnc lathe
machine with Fanuc control is just easy with Fanuc G76 threading cycle. Fanuc CNC control
threading cycle G76 gives us lot of flexibility.CNC Programming tapered threading with Fanuc
threading cycle G76 is not that difficult, just one parameter have to add.
Contents
 Normal Threading with Fanuc G76 Threading Cycle CNC Program
 Tapered Threading with Fanuc G76 Threading Cycle CNC Program
o How to calculate R parameter for Tapered Threading on Fanuc with G76 Threading Cycle.
Normal Threading with Fanuc G76 Threading Cycle CNC Program

N5 G76 P010060 Q100 R0.05

N6 G76 X30 Z-20 P1024 Q200 F2
One G76 parameter which have to be added for tapered threading is R in G76 second block.
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Tapered Threading with Fanuc G76 Threading Cycle CNC Program

Tapered Threading with Fanuc G76 Threading Cycle

N5 G00 X50 Z5
N6 G76 P010060 Q100 R0.05
N7 G76 X43 Z-45 P1024 Q200 R-14.5 F2
Other parameter of Fanuc threading cycle G76 are explained here.
The R parameter in second block of G76 is the tapered value. Note that R is given as Radius
value.
How to calculate R parameter for Tapered Threading on Fanuc with G76 Threading Cycle.
R = (Start Diameter – End Diameter) / 2

6.23 Fine Threading Canned Cycle (G76)

Threading is an integral part of almost every component which is machined, threads may be
internal (ID threading) or external (OD threading). Here is full explanation of G76 Threading
Canned Cycle for the Fanuc cnc control.

G76 Threading Cycle Example

Example of the G76 G code
Fanuc G76 Threading Cycle Explanation

N5 G76 P010060 Q100 R0.05

N6 G76 X30 Z-20 P1024 Q200 F2
First block of the G76 Threading cycle
G76 : G code for threading cycle.
P : P actually consists of multiple values which control the thread behavior,
o 01 : Number of spring passes or spring cuts.
o 00 : Thread run out at 45 degree
o 60 : Flank angle or Infeed angle
Q : Depth of normal cut ( these values are given in hundreds, so the depth of cut will be 0.1 ).
R : Depth of Last or Finish cut
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Second block of the G76 Threading cycle

G76 : G code of the threading cycle.
X : The end value in x-axis.
Z : The end value in z-axis.
P : Thread depth ( as radius value ).
Q : Depth of first cut.
F : Thread Pitch
R : Thread Taper

6.24 Boring/Internal Turning Canned Cycle (G71)

G71 ID Turning Cycle:

 G71 turning cycle is used for rough-material removal from a cnc lathe component.
 G71 turning cycle makes large diameter cutting easy.

Programming Format:
 G00X……….Z…………… (Start point)
 G71 U…………R…... (Depth of cut + return point)
 G71 P 70 Q110 U………..W…………F……; (Negative finishing allowances + feed)
 N70 G00 X……….; (Internal Largest dia)
 G01 Z…... (Feed Length)
X…………..;
Z…………..;
 N110 X…... (Ending point)

First block

Parameter Description

U Depth of cut.

R Retract height.

Second block

Parameter Description

P Contour start block number.

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Q Contour end block number.

U Finishing allowance in x-axis.

W Finishing allowance in z-axis.

F Feedrate during G71 cycle.

G71 ID Turning

G71 Example:

 Here is a CNC part-program which shows how G71 turning cycle can be used, this is the
program for the drawing given above
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N50G00X106Z5M3S800
N60G71 U10 R10
N70G71 P80 Q90 U-3 W0 F0.25
N80G00X72
N90G01Z-24

Use / Practice of Swansoft for

6.25 Use/Practice of SwanSoft for making complete programs and

simulations
What is Swan soft:

 Introduction to Swansoft:

1- Toolbar:
All command can be executed on the buttons left side of window , when cursor
move on the button, the function hint will show , at the same time the status bar will show the
detail description.
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2- File management menu:

 New:
Go to the upper left portion of swansoft, you see ‘‘file’’. In file the options are available to
‘‘create a new NC code’’.

 Open:
The file dialog opened, you select NC file you wanted. The NC code will show in
the NC Window.
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 Save:
Go to file and select save. The following window will open.

You should select all to save as project.

 Save as:
Save the file as the different file name.

3- View:
Click "View”, you can see the submenu.
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4- Display:
Click "View”, you can see the submenu.

5- Machine:
 Machine Settings:
Go to Machine operation to open
 CNC parameter
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 Adjust coolant:
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 Tool Management:
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 Rapid Position:

 Workpiece Setup:
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