STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Select the correct andswer from the four choices given!

1. The drink's ---------------------- formula d. for improvement

has been patented in 120 countries. 8. Last week, he --------------------------- a
a. special strict warning from his father.
b. especial a. Receives
c. specially b. received
d. especially c. was receiving
2. --------------------------- power failure, d. had to receive
change the batteries once in six 9. His self-confidence, values ------------
months. sense of responsibility enabled him to
a. Having avoided achieve success.
b. Avoiding a. Or
c. To avoid b. and
d. Avoid c. also
3. Customers have expressed d. but
satisfaction ------------ this product, 10. The weather forecast stated that it
which has lead to an increase in the would ---------------------- snow in the
employees motivation. evening.
a. To a. May
b. with b. probably
c. from c. can
d. of d. could
4. You should modernize your IT systems 11. Tomorrow is __________________.
for greater -----------------------. a. a half holiday
a. Efficient b. a half-holiday
b. efficiency c. half holiday
c. efficacious d. half-holiday
d. efficiently 12. __________________ is round.
5. After moving to another state, the a. Earth
children ---------------------------- wrote b. An Earth
to their parents. c. The Earth
a. Hardly d. Earths
b. hardly never Explanation
c. hardly ever We always say 'the Earth'.
d. hard ever 13. What __________________ !
6. Our company gives a limited warranty a. pretty girls
--------------------------- damage from b. a pretty girls
cargo handling. c. pretty girl
a. To d. the pretty girls
b. against 14. __________________ was quite
c. with empty last year.
d. from a. This beach
7. These lights offer a cheap and b. This beaches
effective method --------------------------- c. These beach
---- the quality of your residence. d. These beaches
a. Improving 15. We have _______________________.
b. to improve a. some breakfast at eight
c. improvement b. the breakfast at eight
 c. a breakfast at eight a. catch to fire
d. breakfast at eight b. catch the fire
Explanation c. catch on fire
We don't put 'a/an' before names of d. catch with fire
meals. 22. We'll wait until she ________.
16. Scotland lost many of a. Arrive
__________________bravest men in b. Arrives
two great rebellions. c. will arrive
a. its d. shall arrive
b. it's - Future present tense until + simple
c. his present tense.
d. her 23. Call Jack as soon as you ________ in
Explanation town.
Countries when referred to by name
a. Get
are normally considered feminine.
b. Gets
17. One night there
c. will get
__________________.
d. shall get
a. is a terrible storm
- Future present tense until /when/as soon
b. has been a terrible storm
c. was a terrible storm as+ simple present tense.
d. had been a terrible storm - This sentence implies future tense.
Explanation 24. He knows he has ________ when he is
one + time expression = denotes a asked to appear on TV.
particular time when something happened a. Arrived
(past) b. Arrives
18. the total mass of all asteroids in the c. will arrive
solar system is much less .... mass of d. shall arrive
Earth’s Moon. - Present perfect tense: Have/has +pp.
a. than that is the 25. I'll think about your suggestion
b. tham the while I ________ for you.
c. the a. am waiting
d. is the b. will wait
19. A: "Sugar? " c. wait
B: " __________________, please." d. waits
a. A little - Simple present tense/future tense + while
b. Little + simple present continuous.
c. A few
26. Before Jack leaves New York, he
d. Few
________ several new plays.
Explanation
a. See
We use 'little / a little' for
b. Saw
uncountable nouns.
20. __________________ are worn in c. has seen
Japan. d. had seen
a. Kimono - Present perfect tense: We use the Present
b. Kimonoes Perfect to say that an action happened at an
c. Kimonos unspecified time before now.
d. Kimoni 27. They will be very happy when they
Explanation ________ the news.
The plural of 'kimono' is 'kimonos'. a. Hear
21. Don't leave your books near the open b. will hear
fire. They might easily _____. c. heard
 d. has heard 30. It is two o'clock, and I ________ my
- Future present tense until /when/as soon homework yet.
as+ simple present tense. a. haven't finished
28. I always ________ better after I have b. didn't finish
rested a while. c. hadn't finished
a. Feel d. don't finish
b. Feels - Present perfect tense: We often use the
c. will feel Present Perfect to say that an action which we
d. has felt expected has not happened. Using the
- Simple present tense: Use the Simple Present Perfect suggests that we are still
Present to express the idea that an action is waiting for the action to happen.
repeated or usual (always). 31. We usually go out to dinner when
29. We will have learned many new we ________ late.
words before we ________ through a. Work
this course. b. Worked
a. have got c. has worked
b. got d. had worked
c. get - By the time/when + present
d. will get perfect/simple present tense, simple future
- Future present tense until /when/as soon tense.
as/ before + simple present tense.

ERROR RECOGNITION
Choose the one word or phrase which would not be appropriate in standard written English!

32. Faults in the Earth’s crust are most evidently in sedimentary formations, where they
A B C
interupt previously continuous layers
D
- Evidently -> evident
33. Many flowering plants benefit of pollination by adult butterflies and moths
A B C D
- Of -> from
34. A number of the American Indian languages spoken at the time of the European () the New
A B C
World in the late fifteen century have become extinct
D
- Fifteen ->fifteenth
35. George Gershwin was an American composer whose concept works joined the sounds of
A B
jazz with them of traditional orchestration
C D
- Them -> that
36. One of the problems of United States agriculture that has persisted during the 1920’s until
A B
the present daya is the tendency of farm income to lag behind the costs of production
C D
- During the -> from the
37. Volcanism occurs on Earth in several geological setting, most of which are associated with
A B
 the boundaries of the enormous, rigid plates that make up the lithosphere
C D
- Setting -> settings
38. Early European settlers in North America used medicines they made from plants native to
A B C
treat colds, pneumonia, and ague, an illness similar to malaria
D
- Plants native -> native plants
39. In the New England colonies, Chippendale design were adapted to locally tastes, and
A B
beautiful furniture resulted
C D
- Locally -> local
40. According to most psycological studies, body language expresses a speaker’s emotions and
A B C
ttitudes, and it also tends to affect the emotions and attitudes of the listen
D
- Listen -> listener
41. The dachshund is a hardy, alert dog with a well sens of smell
A B C D
- Well -> good

READING COMPREHENSION
Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer!

Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil war
ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to
civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. Civil government also had to be put back on
a peacetime basis and interference from the military had to be stopped.
The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken
also in the North, though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to peacetime conditions,
factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.
Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national debt had shot up
from a modest 65 million in 1861, the year the ear started to nearly 3 billion in 1865, the year the
war ended. This was a colossal sum for those days but one that a prudent government could pay. At
the same time, war taxes had to be reduced to less burdensome levels.
Physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in the South and border states, had to be
repaired. This herculean task was ultimately completed, but with discouraging slowness.
Other important questions needed answering. What would be the future of the four million black
people who were freed from slavery? On what basis were the Southern states to be brought back
into the Union?
What of the Southern leaders, all of whom were liable to charges of treason? One of these leaders,
Jeferson Davis, President of the Southern Confederacy, was the subject of an insulting popular
Northern song, "Hang Jef Davis from a Sour Apple Tree." And even children sang it Davis was
temporarily chained in his prison cell during the early days of his two-year imprisonment But he and
the other Southern leaders were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury from
Virginia, a Southern Confederate state, would convict them. All the leaders were finally pardoned by
President Johnson in 1868 in an efort to help reconstruction eforts proceed with as little bitterness
as possible.
42. What does the passage mainly a. Wartime expenditures
discuss?
 b. Problems facing the United 48. Why does the author mention a
States after the war popular song?
c. Methods of repairing the damage a. To give attitude towards the
caused by the war South
d. The results of government eforts b. To Illustrate the Northern love of
to revive the economy music
43. The word “staggering” is closest in c. To emphasize the cultural
meaning to differences between the North
a. Specialized and the South
b. Confusing d. To compare the Northern ans
c. Various Southern presidents
d. Overwhelming 49. Which of the following can be inferred
44. The word “devastated” is closest in from the phrase “_______ it was
meaning to unlikely that a jury from Virgina, a
a. Developing Southern Confederate state, would
b. Ruined convict them”?
c. Complicated a. Virginians felt betrayed by
d. Fragile Jeffersons Davis
45. According to the passage, which of b. A popular song insulted
the following statements about the Virginians
damage in the South is correct? c. Virginans were loyal to their
a. It was worse than in the North leaders
b. The cost was less than expected d. All of the Virginia military leaders
c. It was centered in the border had been put in chains
states 50. The word “them” refers to
d. It was reminded rather quickly a. Charges
46. The passage refers to all of the b. Leaders
following as necessary steps following c. Days
the Civil War EXCEPT d. Irons
a. Helping soldiers readjust 51. It can be inferred from the passage
b. Restructuring industry that President Johnson pardoned the
c. Returning government to normal Southern leaders in order to
d. Increaing taxes a. Raise money for the North
47. The word “task” refers to b. Repair the physical damage in the
a. Raising the tax level South
b. Sensible financial choices c. Prevent Northern leaders from
c. Worse decisins about former punishing more Southerners
slaves d. Help the nation recover from the
d. Reconstruction of damaged areas war

Aristotle and Galen

Aristotle, who lived from 384 BC to 322 BC, taught that the heart contained the intelligence. Except
for a few guesses like this, he observed carefully. He described the habits and the bodily structure
(anatomy) of many animals, birds and fish. Another Greek, Galen, who lived in the second century
AD, performed biological experiments. Both careful observation of living things and experiments are
used today in the study of biology. Galen observed and described the internal anatomy of the
human body.-He described many parts that he saw in the body. But he was not always careful. He
sometimes described what he expected to see and did not look carefully to see what was really
there. For centuries after Galen, people studied anatomy from his books instead of trusting their
own observations.
52. It's obvious that Aristotle ----.
 a. thinks that it is the brain which contains the intelligence
b. died in his sixties
c. observed only birds and fish
d. is both a great philosopher and a biologist
e. described both the habits and the structure of animals better than anyone else
53. A Greek scientist, Galen ----.
a. became more successful than Aristotle
b. studied the exterior parts of the body
c. sometimes depended more on his ideas than observation
d. lived in Greece during his whole life-time
e. adapted the works of Aristotle
54. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
a. there is a strong link between Galen and Aristotle in terms of friendship
b. Galen studied the external part of the body while Aristotle studied the internal part
c. the studies of Aristotle couldn't satisfy the expectations of people
d. Galerrand Aristotle have been influential in the following centuries
e. people never trusted the knowledge of Galen
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau (1712-78) was one of the forerunners of the Romantic movement, and also one of the
prophets of the French Revolution. He was by nature a rebel against existing conceptions of religion,
art, education, marriage, government, and in book after book he propounded his own theories on
these subjects. Rousseau advocated a return to nature. In the natural state, he held, man is happy
and good, and it is only society that, by making life artificial, produces evil. His Emile, a treatise on
education, advocated that children should be brought up in an atmosphere of truth, and it
condemned the elaborate lies that society imposed on the average child including myths and fairy-
stories.
55. According to the passage, Rousseau ----.
a. is the unique person who is a member of the Romantic movement
b. is among the pioneers of the Romantic movement
c. is rebellious against the French Revaluation
d. is the advocate of marriage
e. Emile is one of his daughters who was brought up in an atmosphere of truth
56. We can conclude that Emile ----.
a. is an essay on education
b. has been thoroughly discussed by academicians
c. has no philosophical background at all
d. is in favor of myths and fairy stories
e. is a work of Rousseau on how children should be brought up
57. According to Rousseau, by making life artificial ----.
a. Rousseau wrote a treatise on education
b. Rousseau's works produced evil concept
c. civilized man may become happy
d. children can be brought up safely
e. civilization corrupts the human being
Nuclear Danger
Our demand for electricity is climbing so fast that over the next decade our generating capacity must
increase by a third. Fossil fuels supply nearly three-quarters of this energy. But the smoke expelling
coal, gas, and oil-fired plants are also responsible for half of our air pollution. That might be
considered as a small price to pay for progress. But there's an alternative, .one that produces no
smoke and can actually create more fuel than it consumes. In many regions it's even cheaper than
coal-fired electricity: nuclear power. It may directly bring danger of radioactivity to the mind, but if
other types of power didn't present equal and even worse problems, it would make no sense to
consider nuclear power at all. But they do.
58. Although 3/4 of the electricity is generated from fossil fuels, ----.
a. we should consider the potential dangers of nuclear power
b. everything has got an expense; and nuclear power's is its radioactivity
c. it may contribute to global warming, the greenhouse effect
d. half of the air pollution is caused by the plants using them
e. coal also contains a surprising amount of radioactive material
59. It's claimed in the passage that nuclear power ----.
a. supplies three-quarters of the country's energy demand
b. is less dangerous and cheaper than other types of power
c. is a potential danger because it's radioactive
d. will present us a more polluted environment
e. is more expensive to generate, but not a pollutant
60. In the passage, the writer is worried that in the future ----.
a. fossil based plants might bring bigger problems than nuclear energy
b. there's not a better alternative than fossil fuels
c. nuclear waste might be more dangerous than air pollution
d. they will have to build nuclear power stations one day
e. there will always be possible dangers of nuclear power