Synthetic Lubricants

Contents

• What is meant by synthetic lubricants

• Types of synthetic lubricants
• Synthetic lubricants manufacturing
• Advantages of POAs
• POAs - Egypt product line.
• History of high performance.
What is meant by synthetic lubricants

Why should I pay

more for Synthetics?
Why are synthetic
lubes so popular?

Are SHC’s
Magical?

4
February 2003 ExxonMobil Use Only
• Synthetic lubricants are chemical compounds manufactured by
intended chemical reaction to predetermined specifications.
• The base stock structure is planned and tailored to
yield predictable properties.
• Synthetic lubricants are a blend of synthetic base stocks and
additives to enhance performance:
- Can be a mixture of synthetic base stocks.
- Can be combined with mineral oil.( Semi synthetic)
Types of synthetic lubricants
 The main types of synthetics are:
o Synthesized hydrocarbon fluids. (SHCs or SHFs)
 PAO.
 Alkylated aromatics.
 Polybutenes.
 Cycloalipahatics.
o Organic esters.
 Dibasic esters.
 Polyol esters.
o Polyalkylene glycols (PAG)
o Phosphate esters.
o Others.
 Synthetic lubricants manufacturing
POA manufacturing

Gas &
Light Fractions LPG
Ethylene
Petrol
Kerosene

Light Diesel

Heavy Diesel

Mineral
Base Oil
Asphalt

Distillation
Crude oil Column
 POA manufacturing

Polymerization R - CH CH2 - CH H
R - CH = CH2
Hydrogenation CH3 R x

Hydrogenated trimers,
Alpha-olefins
tetramers, etc.

1-Decene Polydecene

“Ideal”
Organic esters manufacturing

O O
R - OH + + H2O
R1 - C - OH R1 - C - OR
Alcohol Acid Ester Water

Polyglycols manufacturing
Alkylene Polyalkylene
Alcohol + oxide
oxides
O H H
R - OH + R-O- C-C-O-H
H-C-C-H
H R1 H R1 n
Advantages of POAs Vs Mineral Oils

• Higher Viscosity Index.

• Better thermal/oxidation stability.
• Better low temperature properties.
• Lower volatility.
• Summary.
Higher Viscosity Index
•High inherent VI of PAO
INCREASING VISCOSITY results in superior low
temperature fluidity
combined with increased
SUPERIOR FLOW lubrication properties at
high temperatures which
Mineral leads to :
•Superior wear
protection.
POA •Long service life &
reduced
INCREASED PROTECTION consumption.

INCREASING TEMPERATURE
 Better thermal/oxidation stability

Oxidation Stability
VISCOSITY INCREASE DUE TO OXIDATION, %
150 ASTM D 2893 TEST

MINERAL OIL

Inhibited PAO offers superior

100
oxidation resistance to mineral
oil and reduced deposit
forming tendency.
50

PAO

0 20 40 60 80
HOURS AT 98.9 C
Better thermal/oxidation stability

PAO Mineral Base Oil

Chemical Structure Chemical Structure
Energy

Energy
Difficult To Break Double Bond More
Strong, Single Bond. Prone To Break/Oxidation.
Better low temperature properties

-10 Mineral oil

-20

-30
Pour Point
-40
°C
-50

-60
PAO
-70

-80
2 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50
KV at 100°C, cST
Lower volatility

32

28 Mineral oil
24

Evaporation Loss, 20
Wt%
16
@ 6.5 hrs
@ 204°C 12

8 PAO

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
KV at 98.9°C, cST
POAs Summary

• High viscosity index

– Less VI improver required, less deposits,more likely to stay in grade.
• Good volatility
– More likely to stay in grade, low fire hazard.
• Low pour point
– Better low temperature fluidity. (pour point -57°C)
– Better starting performance, reduces wear.
– No requirement for immersion heaters during storage.
• Oxidation stability
– Lower levels of sludge, deposits and varnish.
– Longer drain intervals
POAs - Egypt product line
• Mobil 1 0W-40
• Mobil Delvac 1 SHC 5W-40
• Mobilube 1 SHC 75W-90
• Mobil Rarus SHC 1000 Series
• Mobil SHC 600 Series
• Mobilgear SHC Series
• Mobilith SHC Series
Gasoline engines
Diesel engines
Differential & FD Oil
Rotary screw compressors
Gears & bearings
Open gears & bearings
Greases with POA base oil
History of high performance
•Early 1960’s — Mobilgrease® 28 developed for
carrier-based aircraft wheel bearings
•Late 1960s — Mobil uses synthetic base-fluid technology
to enable North Slope oil rigs to start at -40°F

•1973 — Fully synthetic Mobil 1 motor oil introduced

•1976 — Mobil SHC 600 series synthetic industrial
lubricants first marketed

•The ultra-low temperature capabilities of Mobil synthetic

lubricants led to their selection for the NASA space shuttle

•1998 — Mobil SHC 600 Series industrial lubricants

updated for improved performance

•1999 — Ongoing research into reducing engine wear

led to the introduction of Mobil 1 Tri-SyntheticTM

•2002 - Further research into reducing engine wear led to

the introduction of Mobil 1 with SuperSynTM technology