>there is anarchy in the market where capitalists are all in competition with one another to

maximimze profit and stay on top which leads to overpdocution

> there is also pallned production where each firm has its own division of labor and everything is
under control

--this leads to workers becoming deskilled because they perform repetitive tasks, family labor,
and with the rise of machines, more workers are becoming unemployed and their wages are
lowered.

-this leads to class poloarization where wealth inequality widens, fewer people can afford
product, so there is underconsumption since workers cant buy what what they need. This will
lead to the classes to clash, seiz state power then commusm
**capitalism makes communism possible and create groups of people who can overthrow
capislism

Marx wrong about getting to communishm

>calss compromise because of state
>assumed that economic crisis will get worse
>walang regulation ng overproduction
>NEW DEAL=balance the imbalance
>assumed events (concentration of power and economic crises) to happen at the same time
>did not anticipate monopoly cpaitislm where state plays a larger role and made crises
mangaeble and workers become less militant
>did not anticipate fascism
>did not anticpite that the state can force captislits to increase wages
>flawed theory of class struglgle
>underdeveloped theory of state
>no theory of transition

>revise theory; develop theory of state; come up with theory of transition

>Central question: how come the revolution ended in a dictatorship of bonaporte
:struggle with 2 factions of bougregoisie
: proletaritats joined but were killed
: different parties represented different classes/class fracttions
:everyone hated the proletariat (communists) so they were kicked out yung naestablish na yung
second republic then cinut ang petty bourgeoisie,(because they watned democracy) then middle
bourgeoisie (wanted republic) then big bourgeoisie until Bonaparte was the last person standing
:binago yug constitution and tinanggal universal suffrage; kicking out of ocmmunists undermine
democratic rule
:undermined democracy tthat elimated enemies and brought about dictatorship; parliament
abolished human suffrage
:
: behind parties, are classes in struggle, hidden from view in Marxists view of politics ( political
theory)
: parliament-despotism; dictatorship of the bourgeoisie;
Why the communists failed-
because they didn’t ask help from the peasantry; they were left alone
:instead of overthrowing the old world they just worked for themselves; they gave up the
political fight; and became individualistic
: different classes formed the new montain (socail democaritc party) –petty bourgeoise and
workers; mistake of workers; they allowed the petty bourgeoise to lead them instead--reform
instead of revolution (reconcile classes instead of abolish classes)
Under parliatmentary rebulisic : bourgeois can rule as one; but (under aristorcaryc king kalaban)
but under parlimatery people see their cover; exposed sila; they are provoking revolution; they
chose economic power over political power (crown or purse) ;the bourgeoisie realized that the
very demands they were making to overthwron feudalism became the demdans of the socialists;
and they reliazed that they were craeating a parliament to make them deman that
:party does not always represent class
Bonaparte reprsetned the peasantry
State does not have to be controlled by capitalists to sustain capitalism; state becomes an
independent entity; even if you capture state power doesn’t mean doesn’t mean you will
undermine capitlistm; state is a neutral arbiter in society;
>weapons to defeat feudalism might be used against the bourgeoisie
>political rule will expose them and be overthrown
>even though parliamentary democracy allowed them to rule together but can put proletariat in
power so they can choose socialists and communists and overthrow beougerhouse
-dev

Flawed theory of class struggle—not linear anymore; becomes complicated; workers can become
econoimists then militants then economists again;workers can be come less militant; first to be
defeated because conditions not conducive with them and did not ally with peasantry; they
isolated themselves only worried about wages

Bonapartists state-independnet of classes unlike july monarchy; you can have different forms of
capitalist state pwedeng instrument ng isang faction pwedeng 2 or pwedeng independent
The Paris Commune movie
How did the dictatorship give rise to commune? And why it failed?
>terrified by armed workers; so unleashed a civil war; and didn’t expect that they will fight;
many middle class joined the workers and national guard and peasants; all classes fought.
>didn’t just take over state, they made a new one
“working cass cannot simply lay hold of the ready made state machinery and wield it for its own
purposes;
-paid aveage working salary
-no longer policemen defending rich
-judges can be elected not appointed anymore
-armed everyone; formed militias
-built their owny army, and parliament
-legislative body and executive combined; received average wages
-leaders didn’t have a full term
Failed because they didn’t pursue the army of thiers; they were too moderate; underestimated
counterrevolution; their refusal to use violence; allowed capitalists to take control of state
apparatus; do not underestimate power of counterrevolution; taken over the bank and seized all
assets
>create new parliament; instead of taking control and abolished it;

Critique
>draft manifesto of the union of 2 parties; one by lasalle (socialist workers leader)—become
social democratic party of germany
>lasalle believes in evolutionary road to socialism;
>equal right to product of labor; 100000 divide by population (vulgar socialism) but acc to marx
unfair because some people have more needs as compared to others; call for abolition of private
property instead; to call for equal distribution without elimatin of private property will not work;
everyone should get what he/she needs instead;
Lower phase of communism- if you have more children, and work harder, you will get
compensated; proportianl to contribution
Higher phase-each according to his needs-if you only need 2 hours of work you will get 2 hours
of work. People will get to decide what they want to do and what their role is. People will only
get what they need
Communism-no division of labor; we will decide want needs to be done but we can be different
people. You work because you like what you’re doing; because you want to develop your talents
but in capitalist society you work to survive; productive forces will be developed because no
longer constrained by relations of productions in capitalism; all are equally rich because
everyone owns means of production; people will receive only what they need; people feel
solidarity no longer are in competition with another; we will become different human beings.
Human nature can change so that what you demand is only what you will do; people will work
less and people are cooperating and own means of production so that work only 2-3 hours a day.
And the rest you get to do what you want not worry anymore about survival.
State-keeps class rule; but in communist society no class; no state; state should be abolished.
Free state- bonapartist state is free but that’s not what we want because that is a more ffective
form of capitalist rule; more free more dependent on bourgeiosi therefore more functional for
bougeiouise
Dictatorship of proletariat-this is the state under transition; not a dictatoriship of a class; fight for
interest of marjoity; abolish class divisons; dictatorship of bourgiose-want classidivisions so it
needs state; repressive only to those in the counterrevolution
State-repressive apparatus of the upper class
Assumptions: in
>believed the aristocracy can help;
>way to socialism through elections and reforms
>Central question: how do you create socialism? What transitional programs to achieve
socialism? how do you overthrow capitalism? How to build conditions for communism?
>revolutnariy transformation; how to create conditions for revoultinary transformation? Should
we call for a free state that is autonomous from capital? Should we call for redistrubtion of
prdoucts of labor?
What does marx think of idea that you sould give everyone equal rights and free state?
Summary: marx criiies rand of socialism by lasalle. Do not demand equal right sin distiubinot o
fproduc of labor what you need to is to abolish coniditons which give rise to inequalities in the
first place whih iwill be odne by abolishing private property ; don’t call for free stat udner
cpaitosim what you need to do is to overthrow deictatoriohip of the bouoiges and put poreatioral
in order to create conditions for communism and therefore witherin away of the state; transforms
state

--had 3 loopholes
>how texts build upon improve theorof strurgle state and trasition

Kautsky
>debate between orthodox and revisionist
>anarchists opposed to dictatorship of proletariat; you don’t need a workers state so naglsipt sa
comunists
Competitive capitalism gave rise to organized/monopoly capitalism
Problematic assumptions
>that there will be a final crisis of capitalism due to antagonisms
>that class struggles will progressively intensify; workers will become militant
>that material conditions spontaneously being created within socialism (conditions of socialism
not easy to put in place)
>that all this will coincide in the same time and space; crisis can happen but workers not
necessarily militant

Why did have problematic assumptions

>undeveloped theory of the state
>flawed theory of class struggle
>no theory of transition

Responses
>completely wrong-deprives of the valuable contributions of Marx
>everything he said is correct-blinds us from seeing his shortcomings
>marx was neither completely correct or incorrect-build upon what is valuable; identify
limitiations of his theory and try reconstructing the theory for it to remain useful

Theoyr of economics and olitics

>base (economy) and superstructure (politics)
-what is the relationship between the two?
-

Came to power because of the war

Kautsky: reiterated what marx said that’s why its called orthodox Marxism
: correct si marx pero we are not there yet.

Bernstein: proletariat has not become radical yet; last revolution failed (paris commune)
During Burnestiens time: Bismark was like bonparte; there were antiosocilaist laws which forbid
people to join communist parties but socialist german party become stronger; many workers
rallied behind social german party; strong economic growth so workers were becoming better
off; Germany

Lasalle: evolutionary socialism;

Bernstein: