IT: INTERNET

1.- What is Internet ?

The internet is known and loved by everyone ( except those who are still waiting for
something to download!) and it is the biggest growth area in Technology at the moment.

The Internet is an international Network of Computers

The Internet is basically a very big Wide Area Network (WAN). It was originally developed
by the US Government to improve communication between its military computers. In the
beginning, only government “think tanks” and a few universities were linked. Basically the
Internet was an emergency military communications system operated by the Department
of Defense’s Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). The whole operation was
referred to as ARPANET.

2.- How it works:

To Connect you need Special Hardware and Software

1.- Most people access the Internet using a PC connected to a normal telephone line.
Computers are attached to a telephone line via another piece of kit called a ADSL modem
or DSL modem or
usually called
router.
2.- To connect to the Internet, you use your modem-router ( router ) to connect to an
Internet Service Provider (ISP) — these companies have computers permanently
connected to the Internet. All the information sent from your PC goes via the ISP.

3.- The two most important pieces of software you need are a web browser to display
web pages, and an e-mail client, which transmits and receives e-mail from a PC.

4.- Web browsers sometimes need plug-ins — small programs — before they can play
certain types of multimedia files, like videos for example.

The speed of an Internet connection is measured in Megabits per second - Mbps ( i.e
how much data is transferred per second). Speed of
access depends on three things

1) Modem-Router Speed: Modern domestic

modem-routers are able to work to 6Mb. There is
a technology that make modems run at 100Mbits
per second

2) The telephone line: In some cases, the line between home and the ISP server is
an old copper cable with slow electronic controllers, so data goes very slow. In big
cities like Madrid or Barcelona, they use optic fibres so the line allows data to "move
faster"

3) The volume of traffic: The more people using the Internet, the slower the speed
of access.

What are the advantages of a wireless network?

You don’t need cabling. In older buildings, it can be expensive to install cables and access
points. With WiFi, one access point can cover an entire floor or even a building. You can
work anywhere within range of the access point. . There are now WiFi hotspots in hotels,
libraries and airports so you can link to a network away from home or your office.

There are disadvantages.

Fixed LANs can run at 1000 Mbps. Wireless networks are much slower and the further
you are from an access point, the slower the rate. Although there are savings on the cost
of cabling, wireless NiCs are a bit more expensive than the wired versions. Then there is
the problem of interference, if a neighbour is using the same channel, and security. Other
users may be able to intercept your data. Encryption programs like Wired Equivalent
Privacy (WEP) can help.

TCP/IP Protocol

Divide and win. That is the philosophy of

the internet. If you need to send some
information from one place in the world to
another one far away, what is the best
way?
If you send all information along just one
path, what will happen if a part goes
missing? We'll have to start again...
We can solve the problem using the
TCP/IP protocol or (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol).
If you are at home in front of your computer, that computer is called a client. Then you start
the browser ( a client program ) and request some information, for example, your favourite
sports webpage that is located on a remote computer ( a server ), so we have a client-
server interaction. So, the browser searches for the remote computer on the internet and
passes the request to the server (located maybe in the UK, USA or in another country ).
The server then checks up your request and tries to locate the HTML file on its hard disk.
On finding it, the server sends this file to your computer. To make this possible, it is
necessary to "speak the same language", that is the TCP/IP. . TCP/IP are used to
transfer files or data from one computer to the other. Typically, the client is your browser
(firefox, opera, explore ) and the server is a program running on a remote computer.

3.- Get Protection from Hackers and Viruses

• Hacking means accessing a computer system and its files without permission. It’s
 totally illegal, and once inside a system, the hacker might be able to view, edit copy
or delete important files or plant a virus. Organisations can protect themselves by
using passwords, encrypting files and using hacking-detection software.
• A virus is a program deliberately written
to infect a computer, and make copies
of itself. They often corrupt other files
— and even operating systems. They
move between computer systems by
attaching themselves to harmless
computer files and e-mails.
• The main way to reduce the risk of viruses is to use anti-virus software — but it’s
important to use an up-to-date version because new viruses are detected practically
every day.

Dictionary:

ADSL modem or DSL modem. Like other modems it is a type of transceiver

and it is used to connect a single computer to a DSL phone line, in order to use
an ADSL service.

Web 2.0 Tools

Beware: Some of these tools may have inappropriate things on them

since they are free for public usage.

What can the Internet do for me as a creator, a collaborator, an active

participant,

1. Audio/Podcasting- Online audio broadcasting.

2. Blogs - Information on creating, maintaining, teaching with and sharing

blogs.

3. Open Source - Open source are programs that have not been
copyrighted and the coding is free for everyone to look at and modify if
 they want. Many of these tools can be used in an educational setting.

4. Presentation Tools - Presentation tools are for sharing content with

others and allow the user to insert text, audio, pictures, and videos. Use
these web2.0 tools to share information in attractive formats.

5. Video / Photo - Editors and enhancers for video and photo files.

6. Wiki - Wikis are websites that allow easy creation and editing of any
number of interlinked web pages by a group of people to collaborate
information.