Argumental Division --- Vedic maths

By simple Argument per the Urdhva Tiryak Sutra

In addition to the Nikhilam method and the paravartya method which are of use only in certain special
cases there is a third method of division which is one of simple argumentation based on the ' Urdhva
Tiryak' Sutra and practically amounts to a converse thereof.

The following examples will explain and illustrate it:

Example 1: Suppose we have to divide ( x 22x1 ) by (x +1), we make a chart , as in the case of an
ordinary multiplication ( by the x +1 ' Urdhva Triryak' process) and got down the dividend and x + 1 the
divisor. Then the argumentation is an follows:
(a) x 2 and x being the first terms of the dividend and the divisor or the product and the multiplicand
respectively, the first term of the quotient or the multiplier must be x.
(b) As for the coefficient of x in the product , it must come up as the sum of the cross-wise-
multiplication of x in the upper row and 1 in the lower row : but the coefficient of x in the
product is 2.The other x must therefore be the product of x in the lower row and the absolute term in
the upper row. There fore, The latter is 1. And thus is quotient is x + 1.

Example 2: Divide ( 12x 2−8x−32 ) by (x- 2).

2x 2−8x−32
= 12x + 16
 x−2
(a) 12x 2 divided by x gives us 12x.
(b) The twelve multiplied by -2 gives us -24 ; but Q = 12x the actual coefficient of x in the product or
the dividend is -8. There fore , we must get remaining 16x by multiplying the x of the divisor by 16.
There fore , The absolute term in the divisor must be 16.
there fore , Q = 12 x + 16. And as -2 X 16 = -32, there fore, R= 0.

Example3: Divide ( x 37x 26x5 ) by (x-2)

 x 37x2 6x5
(a) 3
x divided by x gives us x 2 which is
 x−2
there fore, the first term of the quotient. Q = x 2 + .......
(b) x 2 X -2 = −2x 2 ; but we have 7x 2 in the dividend. This means that we have to get 9x 2
more. This must result from the multiplication of x by 9x. Hence the second term of the divisor must be
 x 37x2 6x5
9x.
 x−2
Q = x 2 + 9x + ...
(c) As for the third term, we already have -2 X 9x = -18x. But we have 6x in the dividend. We must
there fore get an additional 24x. This can only come in by the multiplication of x by 24.
There fore, This is the third term of the quotient.
There fore, Q = x 29x24
(d) Now this last term of the quotient multiplied by -2 gives us -48. But the absolute term in the
dividend is 5. we have there fore to get an additional 53 from somewhere. But there is no further tern
left in the dividend. This means that 53 will remain as the remainder.
There fore, Q = x 29x24 ; and R = 53.
 Check your self
find the Quotient and Remainder of the following.
3 2
 x 7x 9x11
(1)
 x−2

 x 3− x 2−7x3
(2)
 x−3

 x 4 −3x 37x 25x7

(3)
 x−4

−4x 39 x 2 9x−12

(4)
2x−4

3 x 2− x−5
(5)
3x−7

Answers

(1) Q = x 29x27 ; and R = 65

(2) Q = x 22x−1 ; and R = 0
(3) Q = x 3 x 211x49 ; and R = 203
2 1 1
(4) Q = −2x   x−5 ; and R = 10
2 2
(5) Q = x + 2 ; and R = 9