Structural Analysis and Design Report of Cum Residential Building

Structural Analysis and Design Report of Cum Residential Building
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION ................................................. 1

1) Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2
2) Building Design parameters ................................................................................................ 3
2.1) Architectural and Functional Requirements.................................................................. 3
2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade .............................................................................................. 3
2.3) Soil Properties ............................................................................................................... 3
2.4) Other Design Parameters............................................................................................... 3
2.5) Notes.............................................................................................................................. 4
3) Loads on Structures ............................................................................................................. 5
3.1) Dead Load ..................................................................................................................... 5
3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads ....................................................................................... 6
3.3) Seismic Load ................................................................................................................. 8
PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ................................................... 9
4) Modeling............................................................................................................................ 9
5) Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 9
5.1) Load Cases................................................................................................................... 9
5.2) Load Combinations ..................................................................................................... 9
6) Design ................................................................................................................................ 10
7) Detailing of the Structural Elements.................................................................................. 10
PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULTS ........... 11
8) Sample Analysis Results.................................................................................................... 12
9) Sample Designs ................................................................................................................. 13
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams ...................................................................... 21
9.2) Sample Design of Slab.................................................................................................. 24
9.3) Sample Design of Foundation...................................................................................... 26
10) Design Summary.............................................................................................................. 27
10.1) Column Design Summary.......................................................................................... 27
10.2) Beam Design Summary.............................................................................................. 27
10.3) Slab Design Summary................................................................................................ 27
10.4) Footing Design Summary........................................................................................... 27
PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCULSION AND REFERENCES............................................. 28
11) Annexes........................................................................................................................... 39
12) Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 40
13) References....................................................................................................................... 41
Analysed and Designed by Er. Sabin Budhathoki Email:- opnroad 143@gmail.com contact:- 9846287626
PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION
1) Introduction
The basic aim of structural design calculation is to build a structure, which is safe fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance
cost, durable and maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be
structurally sound if each and every individual elements of the building satisfy the criteria of
strength, stability, and serviceability besides the requirement of ductility and energy absorption
capability in seismic prone areas. To make a building structurally sound, it is very important that
the structural designer is consulted before its construction. The structural engineer, then works
out the structural schemes and also gives the sizes of the structural members like beam, column,
slab, etc. A building needs to be designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural designs
are carried out and working drawings are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the
structural design. Serviceability and economy are other basic requirements that need to be
considered during structural designing. The building should be designed not only for vertical
loads but also for horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake loads. The structural designer
has to take care of the safety of the building against the loads mentioned above. He is concerned
in designing both superstructure and the substructure of the building. A building must be strong
enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be able to withstand
all loads acting on it.
Nepal lies in seismically active region in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic plates – the
India plates and the Tibetan plates, along which a relative shear strain of about 2 cm per year has
been estimated. The Indian plate is also sub-ducting at a rate of, thought to be, about 3 cm per
year. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. The existence of the Himalayan range
with the world’s highest peaks is evidence of continued uplift. Past records of the earthquake
shows 19 major earthquakes have hit Nepal till now. The 1833 and 1934 earthquakes were the
most destructive ones. Recently, we had faced the earthquake of magnitude 7.9 and were also
the destructive one which took the lives of many people and destruction of various infrastructures
as well. So, designing of building against earthquake forces apart from other forces is a must in
case of Nepal.
Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building
proof against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to
build. It would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it proof against
earthquake. Hence, the buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. According
to this philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won’t collapse
although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this building has
been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake making it seismic
resistant.
Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building
proof against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to
build. It would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again, instead of making it proof against
earthquake. Hence, the buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. The main
philosophy of seismic design is, therefore, to obtain a "no collapse" structure rather than "no
damage" structure. According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs,
the building won’t collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is
ensured that this building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the
earthquake making it seismic resistant.
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The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event of
a major earthquake, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield. In
order achieve the inelastic behavior; structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating
energy through inelastic actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures.
Brittle modes of failures include shear and bond failure. Thus the structures are designed based
on the "Weak beam – Strong Column" philosophy. This can be achieved by detailing the
members as specified in IS 13920:1993 – Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Subjected to Seismic Forces.
The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important
is its construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to
execute the construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the
drawings supplied by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large
percentage of failure of the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences
from damages have shown that quality of material and workmanship plays an important role in
good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence, quality assurance in construction is expected to
gain good seismic performance.
This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of the Residential
Building as per IS Code.
The Analysis and design has been done using a renowned FEM Application SAP. The detailed
method of analysis and design has been described in subsequent chapters.
The design philosophy followed is the Limit State Design as per IS 456:2000. The detailing for
the seismic considerations has been done following the Indian Standard Code.
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2) Building Design Parameters

The parameters followed for the structural analysis and design is as follows. The parameters
regarding the main structural materials like concrete and the reinforcement are as follows.
2.1) Architectural and Functional Requirements
Types of building Mercantile cum Residential Building
Types of structural system Reinforced Concrete Frame
Number of stories Five
Design provision for future extension No
Story Height 3.048 m
Height of parapet wall 1m
Total height of the Building 12.192 m
External wall/ some internal wall 254 mm
Few internal wall 127 mm
Plaster thickness 12 mm
2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade

Cement Ordinary Portland Cement
Grade of concrete M20 for the entire member
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear reinforcement
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000 √fck
Poisson’s Ratio 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar
2.3) Soil Properties

The detailed soil investigation report is not available. So, the ground condition of the site is
assumed to be poor with the deposited material at the top and clay of low plasticity at the bottom.
Allowable Bearing Capacity of the soil is taken as 150 KN/m2 assuming medium type soil.
2.4) Other Design Parameters
The other design parameters as loadings, seismic parameters are described in subsequent
chapters. The overall system consists of moment resisting ductile RCC frames and RCC slabs
and RCC shear walls.
The details of the model are as follows.

i. Floor Slabs represented by 127 mm thick Shell elements.
ii. Columns are represented by frame elements of 305 mm x 305mm
iii. Beams are represented by 254 mm x 381 mm,254 mmx254 mm
2.5) Notes
A. GENERAL
1. Read structural drawing in conjunction with architectural drawing. Report any discrepancies
to the site engineer prior to fabrication or construction. Any conflict between specific action &
drawing shall be likewise reported.
2. Contractors shall be responsible for checking field dimension & site conditions.
3. Unless otherwise indicated all construction joints shall be roughened joints 5mm (amplitude
minimum 5mm.)
4. No measurement shall be directly taken from the print; written dimension shall be followed.
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B. FOUNDATION
1. Foundation shall be on undisturbed soil.
2. Soil bearing capacities shall be verified in the field notified engineer immediately of any soft
pockets or other adverse soil conditions encountered.
3. The line of slope between adjacent excavations for footing or along stepped footing shall not
exceed a rise 1 in a run of 2.
4. Placing of foundation concrete shall be done as soon as excavations have been completed &
approved by the site Engineer.
C. CONCRETE & REINFORCING STEEL
1. Cast-in-situ concrete shall have a minimum 28 days compressive cube strength of 25

N/mm2 for column and 20 N/mm2 for other structural member.
2. Reinforcing steel shall be new TMT steel bars having a minimum yield strength of
500 N/mm2 for column , 500 N/mm2 for other structure & conforming to is 1786:1979 or is
1139:1963.
3. Minimum reinforcing laps shall be in accordance with is 1786:1979 & as specified On
structural drawing.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with is 456:1978 & as specified
on Structural drawing.
5. Clear cover of concrete :-
Slab = 20mm
Staircase = 20mm
Beam = 25mm
Column = 40mm
Footing = 50mm
RCC wall = 20mm
6. Plumbing, slots, holes, around pipes ducts or other items which pass through Concrete slab
or wall shall be filled & patched to the same depths as the slab or wall.
7. Unless otherwise indicated all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be Roughened
joints with 5mm minimum amplitude.
8. The cement used shall be ordinary Portland cement conforming to is 269:1976.
9. Bar bending schedule shall be submitted for approval before casting concrete.
10.
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3) Loads on Structures
The following Loads were assumed to occur in Structural System.
  Dead Load
 Live Load
 Seismic Load
3.1) Dead Load

Dead Load on the structure comprises the self-weight of the structural members (like beam,
columns, slab and staircase), weight of the floor finishes, weight of external and partition walls,
weight of parapet wall, weight of water tank and weight of others that significantly effects the
behavior of structural members.
SAP considers self-weight of assigned members so no need to calculate load from self-weight
of beam, slab and columns. But the self-weight of staircase calculated manually and will be
assigned on the corresponding members.
The weight of building materials is taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987.

From IS: 875 (Part 1) - 1987
Unit wt. of RCC = 25 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Cement mortar = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Cement plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Brick masonry = 19 KN/m3
3
Unit wt. of Marble = 26.7 KN/m
2
DL from two-inch cement mortar = 0.05* 20.4 = 1.02 KN/m
2
DL of tile flooring = 0.23 KN/m
2 2
Total finishing load on tile floor = 1.23 KN/m ~1.5 KN/m
i) Assuming Exterior Wall thickness of 254 mm (10") without opening.
Load = 0.254*(3.2-0.4) * 19 = 13.51 KN/m
Considering half inch plaster on internal side of wall = 20.4*2.8*0.0125
= 0.71 KN/m
Total Wall Load = 14.22 KN/m ~ 14.3 KN/m
While deducting 30% for openings

Load = 14.3 * 0.7 = 10.01 KN/m ~ 10. KN/m
ii) Partition wall of thickness of 127 mm (5") without opening.

Load = 7.25 KN/m
iii) Parapet wall of height 1m,

DL = 0.12*1*18 = 2.1 KN/m ~ 2.0 KN/m
Plaster load on parapet wall = 20.4*1*0.025 = 0.5 KN/m
Total wall Load = 2.5 KN/m
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3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads (For Cum.Residential Building)

From IS: 875 (Part 2) - 1987
a) All rooms and kitchen = 2 KN/m2
b) Toilet and bath rooms = 2 KN/m2

c) Corridors, passages, staircases = 3 KN/m2
including fire escapes and store rooms
d) Balconies = 3 KN/m2
3.3) Sesmic Loads

From IS: 1893 - 2002
Fundamental Natural Period

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (Ta) in seconds, of moment-resisting
frame buildings without brick infill panels, may be estimated by the empirical expression:
Ta = 0.075*h0.75 (Cl. 7.6.2)
Where,
h= Height of Building in meter. This excludes the basement story, where basement walls
are connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But it
includes the basement story, when they are not so connected.
IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern eq-x
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa Sa 1.36 1.535408
=
/g [IS 6.4.5] g T
Equivalent Lateral Forces

S
ZI ga
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]
Ah =
2R
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Calculated Base Shear
Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
X + Ecc. Y 0.886 6071.8705 335.6207
Applied Story Forces
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story5 15 41.9843 0
Story4 12 119.9014 0
Story3 9 111.6868 0
Story2 6 49.6386 0
Story1 3 12.4096 0
Base 0 0 0
IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern eq-y
according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa Sa 1.36 Sa
= = 1.524328
/g [IS 6.4.5] g T g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

S
ZI ga
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]
Ah =
2R
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Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y + Ecc. X 0.892 6071.8705 333.1989
Applied Story Forces
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story5 15 0 41.6814
Story4 12 0 119.0362
Story3 9 0 110.8808
Story2 6 0 49.2804
Story1 3 0 12.3201
Base 0 0 0
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PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4) Modeling
The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are computer
aided by the Structural analysis and design software called SAP, which is a special purpose
computer program developed specifically for building structures. It provides the Structural
Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify, analyze, design, and optimize the
structural elements in a building model.
A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Since this is Special Moment
Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs.
Center to center dimension of the structure has been considered in the modeling. The Structure
is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The in-plane stiffness of floor slab has been considered
in the modeling of the structure while the stiffness contribution of partition walls has been
ignored.
5) Analysis
The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and live loads,
the probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized amongst seismically
active zone. Moreover, the residential building itself carries high importance and the seismic
force consideration is of upmost priority.
Seismic Coefficient method has been adopted for the lateral load analysis. The joint masses of
each floor are exported from the program and base shear is calculated manually. The base shear
is distributed to each floor as per relevant Indian Standard and applied to the model at the center
of mass. The program automatically calculates the center of stiffness of the structure. Torsion is
therefore accounted by the program itself. The rigid end effect has also been considered in the
analysis.
5.1) Load Cases

The following independent load cases have been considered
i. Dead Load (DL)
ii. Live load (LL)
iii. Earthquake load in + ve X-direction (EQPX)
iv. Earthquake load in – ve X-direction (EQNX)
v. Earthquake load in + ve Y-direction (EQPY)
vi. Earthquake load in – ve Y-direction (EQNY)
5.2) Load Combinations

Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105 for the analysis of the
structural components of the building.
Load Combination
1. 1.5 Dead Load +1.5 Live Load
2. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-X
3. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-X
4. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-Y
5. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-Y
6. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-X
7. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-X
8. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-Y
9. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-Y
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6) Design
The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method as per IS: 456
-2000. The designs of structural members (i.e. beams and columns) were carried out by the
program itself and the design results were checked manually. Here, longitudinal reinforcement
in columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among the above mentioned
load combinations. A symmetric arrangement of the reinforcement has been adopted from
seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also
based on critical load combination and it is calculated from the envelope of bending moment
diagram. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility criteria as
defined in IS 13920 -1993.
The design of slab, staircase and foundation has been carried out manually in spreadsheet.
Footings have been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead
load and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that
reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more
rigidity of building and also need for the column located at boundary. The slab has been designed
as two-way slab and is based on the coefficient given in IS 456-2000. The deflection of slab has
been checked and limited to the allowable deflection as prescribed in the IS 456-2000.
7) Detailing of the Structural Elements
The Reinforcement detailing of most of the important structural components have been shown
in drawing. They confirm with the relevant sections of the IS Codes IS 456:2000, IS 1893:1984,
SP-16 and SP-34.
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PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN

RESULTS 8) Sample Analysis Results
TABLE:
Story
Drifts
Load
Story Case/Combo Direction Drift Label
Story4 eq-x X 0.001518 19

Story3 eq-x X 0.002291 19
Story2 eq-x X 0.002625 19
Story1 eq-x X 0.001997 15
Story4 eq-y Y 0.00101 19

Story3 eq-y Y 0.001693 20
Story2 eq-y Y 0.002012 20
Story1 eq-y Y 0.00159 10
From IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002, Cl 7.11.1

Storey Drift Limitation, (0.004)
Here, the storey drift in any storey due to minimum specified lateral
force, with partial load factor of 1.0 has not exceed value 0.004.
Hence OK
TABLE:
Joint
Reactions
Joint Unique Load
Story Label Name Case/Combo FZ
kN
Base 1 2 d+l 525.0553
Base 2 4 d+l 646.687
Base 3 6 d+l 632.2816
Base 4 8 d+l 605.554
Base 5 10 d+l 482.1657
Base 6 12 d+l 343.8366
Base 7 14 d+l 442.0239
Base 8 16 d+l 443.2318
Base 9 18 d+l 398.8991
Base 10 20 d+l 333.2119
Base 11 21 d+l 357.6297
Base 12 23 d+l 450.3812
Base 13 25 d+l 432.4105
Base 14 27 d+l 428.8742
Base 15 29 d+l 354.8417
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9) Sample Designs
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams

The design results for the columns and beams using ETABS V16 are as follows:
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)
Column Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C15 15 c12x12 3000 0.761
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 54 30
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 743 0.8
Bottom 1317 1.42
Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 190.4719 15.6355 3.8094 2619 0.9d-1.25eqy
Bottom 536.3377 -10.7268 -64.6435 0 d+1.3l-1.25eqx
Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc
mm²/m kN mm
Top 337.85 35.4221 2619 0.9d-1.25eqy
Bottom 337.85 35.4221 0 0.9d-1.25eqy
Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

mm²/m kN mm
Top 337.85 45.0967 2619 0.9d-1.25eqy
Bottom 337.85 45.0967 0 0.9d-1.25eqy
Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint
Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0.577 287.5013 498.57 92903 0.9d+1.25eqx
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Shear Shear Joint

Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Minor(Vu3) 0.577 358.6478 498.57 92903 0.9d+1.25eqx
Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.1(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 2.006 0.548 75.9045 41.6211 0.9d+1.25eqx

Minor22 2.554 0.431 96.6357 41.6211 0.9d+1.25eqx
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)
Column Element Details

Story1 C4 4 c12x12 3000 0.605
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 54 30
Material Properties
22360.68 20 1 500 500

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 743 0.8
Bottom 1316 1.42
Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 481.1377 28.3845 -9.6228 2619 0.9d-1.25eqy
Bottom 630.9289 12.6186 -59.1763 0 d+1.3l-1.25eqx

mm²/m kN mm
Top 337.85 39.9736 2619 0.9d-1.25eqy
Bottom 337.85 39.9736 0 0.9d-1.25eqy
Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

mm²/m kN mm
Top 337.85 44.5908 2619 0.9d-1.25eqy
Bottom 337.85 44.5908 0 0.9d-1.25eqy
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Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0.512 318.8928 623.2125 92903 d+1.3l+1.25eqx
Minor(Vu3) 0.512 328.297 623.2125 92903 d+1.3l+1.25eqx
Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.1(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 1.011 1.088 85.6577 93.18 d+1.3l-1.25eqy

Minor22 1.128 0.975 95.5516 93.18 d+1.3l-1.25eqy
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)
Beam Element Details

Story1 B2 17 b15x10 4267.2 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 30 30
Material Properties
22360.68 20 1 500 500

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar
mm² % mm² % mm² %
Top (+2 Axis) 422 0.44 208 0.21 426 0.44
Bot (-2 Axis) 211 0.22 208 0.21 213 0.22
Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm kN-m mm
Top (+2 Axis) -56.6714 152.4 -3.3277 2844.8 -57.1331 4114.8

Combo d+1.3l-1.25eqy 0.9d+1.25eqy d+1.3l+1.25eqy
Bot (-2 Axis) 0 152.4 17.5535 2844.8 0 4114.8
Combo d+1.3l-1.25eqy 0.9d-1.25eqy d+1.3l+1.25eqy
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End-I Middle End-J

Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s
mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
504.1 281.54 544.14
Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc
kN mm kN mm kN mm
65.6498 609.6 0.0412 2844.8 65.5935 3657.6

d+1.3l-1.25eqx 0.9d-1.25eqy d+1.3l+1.25eqx
Torsion Reinforcement
Shear
Rebar Asvt /s
mm²/m
339.6
Design Torsion Force

Design Tu Station Loc Design Tu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm
5.6999 4114.8 5.6999 4114.8
d+1.3l+1.25eqx d+1.3l+1.25eqx
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)
Beam Element Details

Story2 B1 102 b15x10 4267.2 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 30 30
Material Properties
22360.68 20 1 500 500

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3

Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar
mm² % mm² % mm² %
Top (+2 Axis) 464 0.48 208 0.21 447 0.46

Bot (-2 Axis) 232 0.24 222 0.23 223 0.23
Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

Top (+2 Axis) -61.4789 152.4 -0.5742 2844.8 -59.5219 4114.8
Combo d+1.3l-1.25eqy 0.9d+1.25eqy d+1.3l+1.25eqy
15 | P a g e

Bot (-2 Axis) 0 152.4 31.7915 2133.6 0 4114.8

Combo d+1.3l-1.25eqy 1.5(d+l) d+1.3l+1.25eqy

End-I Middle End-J
Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s
mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
459.4 281.54 527.5
Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc
kN mm kN mm kN mm
67.2307 609.6 0.0445 2844.8 69.1425 3657.6
d+1.3l+1.25eqx 0.9d-1.25eqy d+1.3l+1.25eqx
Torsion Reinforcement
Shear
Rebar Asvt /s
mm²/m
310.13
Design Torsion Force

Design Tu Station Loc Design Tu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm
4.8296 4114.8 4.8296 4114.8
d+1.3l+1.25eqx d+1.3l+1.25eqx
The sample design of columns and beams as per ETABS V16 is presented below:
9.2) Sample Design of Slab
SLAB DESIGN :-
(One long edge discontinious)
(TWO WAY) in ft.
Short Span (Clear) 3.51 m
Long Span (Clear) 4.27 m
Live Load on the Slab (LL) 5.00 KN / sqm
Comp.stess of concrete M - 20 (fck) 20.00 N / sqm
Tensile stress of steel (fy) 500.00 N / sqm
16 | P a g e
Unit wt of concrete 25.00 KN / cum

Unit wt of floor finish 50 mm 24.00 KN / sqm
Clear concrete cover 15.00 mm
Bearing of
slab 230.00 mm
Overall depth 116.84 mm
Provide Overall depth D 127.00 mm
Dia of bars for short direction 10.00 mm
Dia of bars for long direction 10.00 mm
Effective
Depth d 107.00 mm
Loading on the slab
Dead Load of the slab (DL) 3.18 KN / sqm
Floor Finish 1.00 KN / sqm
Other Load 0.50 KN / sqm
Live Load on the slab 5.00 KN / sqm
Total Load on the slab (TL) 9.68 KN / sqm
Design Load = (Total Load x Load Factor i.e. 1.5) 14.51 KN / sqm
Effective Span lx 3.61 m
ly 4.37 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.211
From Table (26 or 27 of IS 456) BM Coefficients are as follows;
1.1 x 1.30 y 
For negative moments (at top) 0.044 0.05121187 0.057 0.037
For positive moments (at bottom) 0.033 0.03910235 0.044 0.028
Calculated BM per unit width of slab are as follows;
Mx = x w lx2 My = y w lx2
For negative moments (at top) 9.70 7.01 KN-m/m
For positive moments (at bottom) 7.40 5.30 KN-m/m
Effective depth of slab will now be fixed up on consideration of

of flexural strength as well as control of deflection.
Flexural strength consideration
Maximum
BM = 9.70 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d = 2 BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d2 = 9697424.437
or d= 68 mm
Tension R/F for the positive BM along the short span is
BM = 7.40
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 7404379 / 0.87 x 500 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 68
= 311.4 mm2/m
Control of deflection
Actual Span / effective depth ratio = 3612 / 68
= 52.77
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 311.4 / 1000 x 68 = 0.45
From Modification curve, Modification factor = 1.2
Basic value of span / effective depth ratio = 26
Therefore permitted value of span / effective depth ratio = 26 x 1.2
= 31.2
Actual S/d
is > Permitted S/d
Hence effective depth "d" should be increase
Try an effective depth "d" = 107 mm
Tension R/F for short span +BM is given by =
0.87 x fy x Ast (d - fy x Ast / (fck x 1000)) = 7.4 x 1000000
0.87 x 500 x Ast (107 - 500 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 7404379.016
17 | P a g e
7426799 OK 7404379
Ast.req = 166
Actual Span / effective depth ratio = 3612 / 107
= 33.76
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 166 / 1000 x 107 = 0.170
From Modification curve, Modification factor = 1.5 fs=264.51N/mm2
Basic value of span / effective depth ratio = 26
Therefore permitted value of span / effective depth ratio = 26 x 1.5
= 39.00
Actual S/d
is < Permitted S/d
Hence effective depth "d" should be OK
Adopt Overall thickness (D) = 127 mm
Minimum R/F in slab = 0.12% of area of slab
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 152 mm2/m 8 mm dia 330 mm c/c
0.87 x 500 x Ast (d - 500 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
Effective depth for R/F in long direction will, therefore, be = 107 - dia. Of long R/F
= 107 - 10 = 97.00 mm
Tension R/F per unit width of slab calculated by above eq. For different BM are as follow;
Bendind Moments
Short Span Long Span
Increase
For negative moments (at top) 9.70 KN-m/m Steel KN-m/m
Increase Increase
For positive moments (at bottom) Steel KN-m/m Steel KN-m/m
Reinforcements
Top R/F (At support) 300.00 200.00 mm2/m
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 182.00 150.00 mm2/m
These R/F will be provided within the middle strips in the two directions.
Adopting 8 or 10 mm dia bars for the R/F, the calculated spacing of bars will be as follows;
Reinforcements Spacing
Dia of
Dia of bars Short Span bars Long Span
Top R/F (At support) 10.00 260 mm c/c 10.00 291 mm c/c
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 mm c/c 10.00 291 mm c/c
Maximum Spacing 300 mm c/c 291 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
Top
R/F 17.00 Nos. of Length 4374.2 mm 13.00 Nos. of Length 3612.2 mm
Bottom R/F 15.00 Nos. of Length 4374.2 mm 13.00 Nos. of Length 3612.2 mm
9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Isolated Footing Design (F3)
Required Data
size of colunm=
18 | P a g e
l= 0.305 m
b= 0.305 m
Bearing Capacity of Soil= 150 KN/m²
Strength of Steel (fy)= 500 N/mm²
Strength of Concrete (fck)= 20 N/mm² ( M 20 )
Axial Load = 622 KN
Eccentricity of loading (ex) = 0.000 m
Eccentricity of loading (ey) = 0.000 m
Approximate area of footing= 4.15 m²

Design Load = 684.2 KN
Actual Area= 4.5613 m²
Size of Square Footing = 2.136 m
Adopted size=
L= 2.134 m
B= 2.134 m
Actual area of footing = 4.55 m²
Net Pressure acting upwads = 204.95 KN/m²
B. M. at the face of column about an axis = 86 KN-m/m
(Per unit meter width)
The effective depth required is given by

BM= 0.133 fck*bd^2
May req d= 122.9 mm

adopt d= 203 mm
Adopt d = 2 to 3 Times of calculated value of d for Shear considerations.
Adop. d= 508 mm
Check for one-way Shear action
The critical section is taken at distance d away from the face of column
Shear force Vu= 177.64 KN

Nominal shear stress (Tv) = Vu/b*d = 0.16 N/mm²
Allowable Shear Stress of Concrete for pt% of Steel < = 0.15 & ( M 20 )
Tc = 0.287186 N/sq.mm (From IS 456: 2000, table 19)
Hence, OK
Tc should be equal to or greater than Tv
Check for two-way Shear action
The critical section is taken at a distance of 0.5d away from the face of column ,
Shear force Vu= 797.53 KN
Nominal Shear Stress(Tv) = Vu/b'd (Where b' is the periphery of critical section )
and b' = 3252.033 mm
19 | P a g e
So, Nominal Shear Stress(Tv) = 0.48 N/mm²

Shear Strength of concrete is
Tc = 1.12 N/sq.mm
T'c = Ks*Tc Where Ks=(0.5+Bc)
Bc=length of shorter side of column/length of longer side of column
Bc= 1
Ks= 1.5 should not be greater than 1
Take(Ks)= 1
T'c= 1.12 N/mm²
Hence, OK T'c should be greater than Tv
Area of Steel Calculation

Area of Steel is given by formula, BM = 0.87* fy* At*{d-fy*At/(fck*b)}
Then,
Ast = 395.30 sq.mm < Ast min = 0.12% of b * d
609.7561 mm²
Req. Area of steel = 609.7561 mm²
Steel requied as 12 mm bar @ 185.4796 mm c/c distance.
Provide Steel as = 12 mm bar @ 140 mm c/c distance.

Provided steel = 807.8381 mm²
Hence Ok.
Percent of steel = 0.159
Final D= 564 mm
10) Design Summary
10.1) Column Design Summary
20 | P a g e
Lateral Ties
Column
Ground (stirrups)
S.No. Type Grid
Floor
1st Floor 2nd Floor
Size End Mid
(mm) Ties Ties
8mmØ 8mmØ
On all grids except @ @
1 C-1 305 x 305 4-12Ø+4-16Ø 4-12Ø+4-16Ø 4-12Ø+4-16Ø
100mm 145mm
Grid 5 and grid 6
c/c c/c
8mmØ 8mmØ
@ @
2. C-2 305 x 305 Grid 5 and Grid 6 4-12Ø+6-16Ø 4-12Ø+6-16Ø 4-12Ø+6-16Ø
100mm 145mm
c/c c/c
10.2) Beam Design Summary
Longitudinal Stirrups
S.No. Type Size(mm) Location
bar Near support At mid span
Top Bars 2-16Ø
8mmØ @ 8mmØ @
1 Tie Beam 254x254 Bottom
2-16Ø 100mm c/c 150mm c/c
Bars
Top Bars 3-16Ø
8mmØ @ 8mmØ @
2 Ground Floor Beam 381x254 Bottom
2-16Ø +1-10Ø 100mm c/c 150mm c/c
Bars
Top Bars 3-16Ø
8mmØ @ 8mmØ @
3 First Floor Beam 381x254 Bottom
2-16Ø +1-10Ø 100mm c/c 150mm c/c
Bars
Top Bars 2-16Ø +1-10Ø
8mmØ @ 8mmØ @
4 Second Floor Beam 381x254 Bottom
3-12Ø 100mm c/c 150mm c/c
Bars
Top Bars 3-12Ø
8mmØ @ 8mmØ @
5 Third Floor Beam 381x254 Bottom
3-12Ø 100mm c/c 150mm c/c
Bars
Top Bars 3-12Ø
8mmØ @ 8mmØ @
6 Fourth Floor Beam 381x254 Bottom
3-12Ø 100mm c/c 150mm c/c
Bars
10.3) Slab
Design
Summary
Bottom Bars
Slab
Main Bars DistributionBars
S.No. Type Thickness (Reinforcement at short span) (Reinforcent at long span) Top Extra Bars
1 All 127 mm 8mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 150mm c/c
10.4) Footing Design Summary
S.No. Type Footing Size (m) Depth (mm) Reinforcement
1 F1(center) 2.134x2.134 564 12mm @ 140mm c/c (Bothways)
2 F2(edge) 1.951x1.951 437 12mm @ 140mm c/c (Bothways)
21 | P a g e
3 F3(corner) 1.615x1.615 361 12mm @ 140mm c/c (Bothways)
PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLSION AND REFERENCES
22 | P a g e
11) Annexes
23 | P a g e
24 | P a g e
25 | P a g e
26 | P a g e
27 | P a g e
28 | P a g e
29 | P a g e
30 | P a g e
31 | P a g e
32 | P a g e
33 | P a g e
34 | P a g e
35 | P a g e
12) Conclusion
After the complete analysis and design of the building components, the building is found to be
safe against the loads considered above. The Axial force, Bending moment, Shear force and
Torsion forces are checked at different sections of the beams and columns. All the sections are
found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to axial, shear, flexural and torsion forces
produced due to above forces.
The slab and foundations were designed manually. The depth of slab which is safe against the
deflection and shear and the reinforcement provided are sufficient to counter the flexural forces
as well. The foundation was checked against one-way shear, two-way shear and bending
moments. The footings provided as per the drawing are safe and the reinforcement provided is
sufficient. The structural safety would further depend upon the effectiveness of construction
procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria followed during the construction phases.
To make the Building earthquake resistant, the building is designed following the Indian
Standard codes. Column design is verified so that Moment capacity of the columns remains
higher than the adjacent beams. Therefore, the design philosophy adopted is Strong column and
Weak beam. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the elements are vulnerable
to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more ductile. The detail soil
investigation report was not available so the bearing capacity of the soil is assumed as 130
KN/m2 for medium type soil. Durable M20 concrete has been used in the foundation which is in
contact with the soil. And M20 is also used for column, Beams and slabs. Ductile detailing has
been extensively adopted for structural drawings.
36 | P a g e
13) References
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures (second revision)
Part 1 – Dead loads
Part 2 – Imposed loads
IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces - Code of Practice
SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing
NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and
Bros, Rookie, 1999
W.H. Mosley, J.H. Reinforced Concrete Design, fifth edition.
Bunggey &
R. Hulse
Joseph E. Bowles Foundation Analysis and Design
Brian W. Boughton Reinforced Concrete Detailer’s Manual, Third Edition
The Institute of Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete, A manual for best
Structural Engineers practice, Third edition
M. G. Shah & C.M. RCC Theory and Design (Revised Edition)
Kale
37 | P a g e

Structural Analysis and Design Report of Cum Residential Building

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Structural Analysis and Design Report of Cum Residential Building

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Structural Analysis and Design Report of Cum Residential Building

PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION ................................................. 1

PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

2) Building Design Parameters

2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade

2.3) Soil Properties

The details of the model are as follows.

1. Cast-in-situ concrete shall have a minimum 28 days compressive cube strength of 25

3.1) Dead Load

The weight of building materials is taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987.

While deducting 30% for openings

ii) Partition wall of thickness of 127 mm (5") without opening.

iii) Parapet wall of height 1m,

3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads (For Cum.Residential Building)

b) Toilet and bath rooms = 2 KN/m2

3.3) Sesmic Loads

Fundamental Natural Period

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

5.1) Load Cases

5.2) Load Combinations

7) Detailing of the Structural Elements

PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN

Story4 eq-x X 0.001518 19

Story4 eq-y Y 0.00101 19

From IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002, Cl 7.11.1

9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Design Code Parameters

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

Joint Shear Check/Design

Major(Vu2) 0.577 287.5013 498.57 92903 0.9d+1.25eqx

Shear Shear Joint

Minor(Vu3) 0.577 358.6478 498.57 92903 0.9d+1.25eqx

Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

Major33 2.006 0.548 75.9045 41.6211 0.9d+1.25eqx

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Design Code Parameters

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

Joint Shear Check/Design

Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

Major33 1.011 1.088 85.6577 93.18 d+1.3l-1.25eqy

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)

Beam Element Details

Design Code Parameters

Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3

Flexural Design Moment, Mu3