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Presentation Outline

Integrated Solid Waste • Introduction

• Overview of Solid Waste Situation
Management in Singapore • Waste Challenges
• Waste Management Strategies
Asian Network of Major Cities 21 (ANMC21)
• Conclusion
16-20 February 2009

Gillian Oh
National Environment Agency, Singapore

Part of the MEWR Family

Introduction MEWR’s Role - Policy Formulation
• Small island city-state NEA’s Role - Strategy and Implementation
– Total land area of 697 sq km
• High population density
– Population of ~4.2 mil MEWR
• Highly industrialised economy
• Lack of natural resources and
renewable energy sources

Formed 1 July 2002 Transferred to MEWR

on 1 April 2001

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Our Desired Outcomes

Mission As Regulator, Facilitator and a Promoter
To ensure a
sustainable clean Clean Clean Clean High Std of
and healthy Air Land Water Public Health
environment
in Singapore.

and National Pride

Our Vision
aN Enterprising Agency, Embracing All in Caring for Our Our Ultimate Goal:
Clean and Healthy Environment – Today for Tomorrow
Environmental Sustainability

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Solid Waste Management System

Households
Households&& Commercial
Commercial&&
Waste Trade
Trade Industrial
Industrial
Collection Premises
Premises Premises
Premises
(Privatised) Licensed Public Licensed General
Waste Collectors Waste Collectors

Overview of
9,140 tonnes/day* (9 sectors) (> 300)
(56%)
Recycling Total
(Privately TotalWaste
Waste

Solid Waste Situation

Recycling
Recycling Generated
Generated
Managed) (16,310
(16,310tonnes/day)
tonnes/day)

Waste Disposal Incinerable waste Non-incinerable waste

6690 tons/day ( 41%) 480 tons/day (3%)
(Government owned &
operated –
restructuring in Incineration
Incineration Landfill
Landfill
progress) Ash
1590 tons/day

* Nett tonnage recycled.

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Waste Disposed Waste Output ( 2008)

(Daily Average 1970 – 2008)

Tonnes Per Day 2001

2008
9,000 7,700
7,170
8,000
7,000 56.5%
5,700 43.5%
6,000
5,000
4,000
2,600
3,000
1,200
2,000 Non-domestic waste Domestic & trade waste
1,000 3,120 tonnes/day 4,050 tonnes/day
0 Year
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Waste Output : 7,170 tonnes/day

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UNABATED WASTE GENERATION

16,310 t/d
• Due to population & economic growth

Waste
…this is not sustainable
Waste Challenges Explosion
Increase
6 times

>1,200 t/d „1 new incineration plant every 5-

5-7 years
„1 new landfill (350ha) every 25-
25-30 years

1970 2008

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WASTE CHALLENGES WASTE CHALLENGES

-Limited land space
- Expensive to build and maintain IPs and Landfill
IPs &Landfill Year Capacity Cost By 1999… All landfills on
mainland were
Ulu Pandan 1979 1,100 t/d 130 million full & closed

Tuas 1986 1,700 t/d 200 million

Senoko 1992 2,400 t/d 580 million
Tuas South 2000 3,000 t/d 890 million
P. Semakau 1999 630million m3 610 million

-Need to conserve our resources

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Waste Management Strategies

1. Waste Minimisation
2. Recycling
Recycled

3. Incineration with energy

recovery of all incinerables
4. Landfilling of non-
non-incinerables
Strategy 1 : Waste Minimisation
C & D waste recycling plant
only
Incinerable Waste

Incineration Ash
Non-incinerable Waste
Recycled Products
1970 Present Landfill from Wood Waste Recycling of
Horticultural Waste IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

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Roles of Signatories 18

Waste Minimisation Industry’s Role

Government’s Role
• Promote waste minimisation & recycling at a national level
Minimise waste at source • Review or redesign
• Facilitate & provide support for building industry knowledge
packaging
and technological capability to recycle & reduce waste
¾ Design/Use less packaging • Cut down
• Implement & enhance the National Recycling Programme to
packaging material
provide a convenient means to recycle waste from households,
¾ Use packaging that can be recycled usage
including packaging waste
• Use packaging that
The Singapore Packaging Agreement is easily recyclable
jointly developed by Government, • Implement
programmes to
Industry & NGOs; w.e.f. 5 Jul 07. reuse or recycle
Objectives packaging waste
–Reduce packaging waste ( currently 35 % of • Educate industry
household waste) partners and
customers on
–Raise awareness/ educate public
packaging waste Non-Governmental
Signatories: minimisation & Organisations’/Community’s Role
recycling
–Food and Beverage Industry , NGOs, Waste • Educate consumers and
Management & Recycling Association of businesses on packaging waste
minimisation & recycling
Singapore, Public Waste Collectors

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Some of the 19 20
participating retailers
Waste Minimisation
Waste Minimisation
Bring Your Own Bag Day
(BYOBD)
¾Aim : encourage shoppers to Singapore Green Label
bring their own shopping bags
and reduce excessive use of • A scheme which
plastic bags. awards environment-
¾Inaugural day : 18 Apr 07, friendly products with
every 1st Wed of month
¾From 4 Jun 08 : every Wed
eco-labels.

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Sustainable Solution
Close the Solid Waste Loop
Strategy 2 : Recycling
C & D waste recycling plant

Collection
Collection MRF
MRF Process
Process Convert
Convert Industry
Industry
Disposal
Disposal Consumers
Consumers
Recycling
Recycling

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste Recycling of
Horticultural Waste IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

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Recycling Incinerable Waste

Recycling Incinerable Waste Domestic Waste
•Provide infrastructure for recycling
¾National Recycling Programme - All households in HDB and
landed properties have access to recycling receptacles (bins/bags)
… to reduce
reduce waste to incineration plants ¾Condominium Recycling - Mandate provision of receptacles for
C & D waste recycling plant
recycling in condominiums and private apartments from 1st Nov 08

¾3,800 public recycling bins

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste Recycling of
Horticultural Waste IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

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MAIN TYPES OF RECYCLABLES COLLECTED National Recycling Programme

¾ Recyclables
™Paper & Carton boxes
™Drink cans/ metal containers
™Glass bottles/jars • HDB flats & landed properties
• Place these bags/bins at doorstep on
™Plastic bottles collection date indicated on the bag/bins

• Participation rate: 63% (2008)

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National Recycling Programme Condominiums Recycling

- 1600 Centralised Recycling Depositories 2002 : Launch voluntarily recycling programme
- Work with residents,
cleaners & recycling companies
to encourage condominium
management to introduce
recycling voluntarily

With more requests from residents for recycling & low participation rate for
voluntary recycling programme ….

1 Nov 2008 : Mandate provision of recycling receptacles in

condominiums ( to be rolled out in phases)
30 Mar 2009: New residential property to have designated
recycling point and/or recyclables chute system

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Public Recycling Bins Recycling Incinerable Waste

Promoting New Waste Collection System to
™Outside MRT Stations increase recycling
Twin Pneumatic Refuse Collection System
™Changi Airport
¾ Separate chutes for refuse and
™Shopping Malls recyclables

™Food courts

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 Recycling Incinerable Waste
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Recycling Incinerable Waste

Public Education & Community Participation Industrial and Commercial Waste Recycling:
Statistics as of 2007
¾ School Recycling Corner Programme (97%) • Paper / Cardboard (619,000 tonnes, 51% recycled)
¾ Annual Recycling Day partners: • Wood / Timber (127,800 tonnes, 52%)
• Residents • Horticultural Waste (91,100 tonnes, 41%)
• Companies • Plastics (75,000 tonnes, 11%)
• Schools • Food Waste (51,200 tonnes, 9%)
• Grassroots organizations
• Government agencies
• Non-Governmental Food waste recycling
Organisations

Recycled Products Recycling of

from Wood Waste Horticultural Waste

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Recycling Non-Incinerable Waste

Recycling Non-incinerable Waste
Industrial and Commercial Waste
Statistics as of 2007
• Used Slag (520,000 tonnes, 99% recycled)
• C & D Waste (759,300 tonnes, 98%)
.... to reduce
reduce waste to landfill • Ferrous Metal (668,000 tonnes, 91%)
C & D waste recycling plant

Recycled Products
Recycling of C & D waste recycling plant
from Wood Waste Recycling of Horticultural Waste
Horticultural Waste IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

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Recycling Non-incinerable Waste Recycling Non-incinerable Waste

Incineration Bottom Ash
¾ 1,340 t/d
¾Successful trial use in road construction

After processing – Fine Aggregates Products containing recycled IBA from incineration plant
aggregates

Before Processing – Mixed

C&D Waste

Processed IBA Jalan Buroh

Road Kerbs
After processing – Coarse Aggregates

…Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling

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Overall Recycling Rate

65
SGP 2012 Target
60
56
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Strategy 3 : Incineration
Percent

50
C & D waste recycling plant
45

40

35
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012
Year
Recycled Products
Singapore Green Plan 2012: from Wood Waste Recycling of
Horticultural Waste IUT Singapore
to increase overall recycling rate to 60% by 2012 Food Waste Recycling Plant

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Waste Collection Waste Collection

Domestic & Trade Premises Public Waste Collectors (PWCs)
: Altvater Jakob Pte Ltd
: Colex Holdings Ltd
™ Collection service corporatised in 1996
: SembWaste Pte Ltd
: 800 Super Waste Management Pte Ltd Ang Mo Kio-
Kio-
™ Fully privatised collection service in Sep 01 Toa Payoh
Hougang-
Hougang-
Woodlands-
Woodlands- Punggol
™ Improve collection efficiency and service Yishun
7
quality 9
1 Pasir Ris-
Ris-
3 8 Tampines
Jurong

2
4 5 6
Bedok
Clementi City

Tanglin-
Tanglin-Bukit Merah

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Waste Collection Waste Management

™All waste are collected daily and disposed of
by licensed General Waste Collectors
Industrial & Commercial Premises
Waste
™ By licensed general waste collectors
~90% ~10%

Ash

4 Incineration Plants Semakau Landfill

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 Waste Disposal Facilities Incineration
Cost-
Cost-effective disposal in land-
land-scarce situations:
Senoko IP
¾ volume of refuse can be reduced by 90%
- only 10% landfill space required
¾ energy can be recovered for power generation
Closed Lorong Halus
¾ scrap metal can be recovered for recycling
Ulu Pandan IP Dumping Ground
Tuas IP
Tuas South IP

Tuas Marine
Transfer Station

Semakau
Landfill

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Performance ( 2007) Privatisation to improve efficiency

Refuse incinerated
Incineration plants
¾ 2.38 million tonnes

• Construction of 5th waste-to-energy plant by Keppel

Electricity generated Seghers under a Design-Build-Own-Operate (DBOO)
¾ 975 million kWh of electricity generated model
¾ 2 to 3% of the electricity demand for Singapore
• Divestment of Senoko IP via an Infrastructure Fund

Scrap metal recovered

¾ 13,800 tonnes

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Semakau Landfill

Strategy 4 : Landfilling C & D waste recycling plant

Recycled Products •Commenced operations on 1 Apr 99

from Wood Waste Recycling of
Horticultural Waste IUT Singapore
•Cost : $610 million
Food Waste Recycling Plant •Area : 350 ha
•Capacity : 63 million m3

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Semakau Landfill Recreational Activities

• Only landfill in Singapore
• Incorporated pollution control measures to
minimise impact on marine ecosystem
Sport Fishing
• Preserved ecosystem & biodiversity of Pulau Bird Watching

Semakau Inter-tidal Walk Star Gazing

• Opened up for recreational activities since July

2005
• Strike a balance between economic
development and environmental protection

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Short- term Outcome In the longer term….

• Lifespan of Semakau landfill
• SGP 2012 - our environmental
Estimated extension from 25 - 30 years blueprint for next 10 years to
to 35 - 40 years help Singapore achieve
environmental sustainability
• Need for new IP
• Target is 60% recycling rate by
Estimated extension from 5 - 7 years to 2012
10 - 15 years
http://www.mewr.gov.sg/sgp2012/

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Conclusion
• Integrated waste management is important to :-
-extend lifespan of Semakau Landfill
-reduce the need for new waste-to-energy plants
ÆTowards Zero Landfill
ÆTowards Zero Waste

• 3P Partnership is needed to sustain efforts in

Thank You
minimising waste and recycling
Recycle
Reuse
Reduce