Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Background knowledge:
1. LacZ gene as reporter.
2. Gal4 transcrip>on factor.
3. Cre recombinase/LoxP sites.
4. CAAX box, prenyla>on process.
5. GPCR receptors.
OPTOGENETICS
This is a novel scien>fic area, where gene>cally encoded
photosensors transform light energy into specifically
engineered biological processes. The introduc>on of naturally
occurring photosensi>ve proteins into host cells that lack
these proteins enables them to respond to light.
535 nm
650 nm
His>dine kinase
cianobacteria
Engineering light-sensi>ve devices in yeast
phytochrome Signaling partner
650 nm
750 nm
inac>ve ac>ve
Ac>va>on domain GAL4
450 nm
Engineering light-sensi>ve devices in mammalian cells
CAAX box
Engineering light-sensi>ve devices in mammalian cells
CAAX box
Engineering light-sensi>ve devices in mammalian cells
Optogene>cs in animals
In describing unrealized prerequisites for assembling a general theory of the mind, Francis
Crick observed that the ability to manipulate individual components of the brain would be
needed, requiring “a method by which all neurons of just one type could be inac>vated,
leaving the others more or less unaltered”
Neurons now may be controlled with optogene>cs for fast, specific excita>on or
inhibi>on within systems as complex as freely moving mammals.
Live-ac>vated control systems in mice
Live-ac>vated control systems in mice