Analogies ‘analogy questions test your ability to recognize relationships between words or ideas and to know when these relationships are parallel, The analogy subtest is an area where, with practice, you can achieve a very good ‘score.First, you must find the relationship between the original pair of words. To help you, listed below are some common types of analogies. The list contains some overtapping and similartties, and the precise names of the categories need not be memorized. It Is Important, however, that you learn types of relationships to laok for. ‘Some Common Types Of Analogies PART and WHOLE: sole:shoe WHOLE and PART: hand:fingers CLASS and MEMBER: fis Iman ‘TYPE OF: debate:argument DEGREE: cool: frigid OPPOSITES: tall: short WORKER and TOOL: photographer:camera WORKER and WORKPLACE: teacher:classroom CAUSE and EFFECT (RESULT): potcon:death EFFECT and CAUSE: death: poison ACTION and THAT WHICH PERFORMS IT: fly:plane PURPOSE (or OBJECT: ACTION): sctssors:cut INDICATION OF: boo:disapproval SYNONYMS: canin STUDY OF: linguisti language (CHARACTERISTIC OF: dexterity:plantst DEFINITION: hera:courage (by definition, a hero has courage) LACK OF DEFINITION: coward:courage (by definition, 3 caward lacks courage) Advice on how to deal with analagy questions is given below. after you have read it, use the practice tasts on this site to help you Practice Is particularly valuable with analogies. You can also create your own analogies using the list of common types given above. Creating your own list has the advantage of forcing you to think analogously. Tips For The Analogy Section: ‘The Reasonable and Inevitable or Valid and Necessary COnnaction Rule ‘You should keep in mind that there must be a reasonable and necessary connection between two words ‘The connection must be VALID, otherwise there would be-no point in making the analogy: For example, what reasonable connection could there be between bird:algebra? on the other hand, there Is 2 reasonable connection between fish:salmon since salmon Is a type of fish. The connection must also be NECESSARY or INEVITABLE. ‘There is a necessary connection between photographer: photo since a photagrapher by definition takes photos. However, the connecon between student:phate is only 2 possible one since a student may or may not take phatos. All CAT analogies will have connections that are reasonable (logical, valld) AND necessary or Inevitable. Any choices that fail to meet these crtenta should be rejected. if you cannot figure out the connection between the original pair, you can stil improve your chances of picking the correct answer by eliminating any choices that do Note: the ‘Inforamatinn provided here is Only fore Reference. tt may Vary the OrsqinalRet enitien in the abave rule, www .previouspapers.co.in Make Up a Sentence creating a sentence that shows the connection between the two words Is absolutely essential and ts the difference between a high or low mark on analogies. For example, if the first pair of words ls APPLAUSE:APPROVAL, your sentence might be: "Applause Is an Indication of approval (an indication of analogy}.” If the first pair is chisel-sculptor, you might say "A chisel is a tool used by a sculptor to perform his work (a tool:warker analogy).” Be as Precise as Possible Tt Is Important to make your bridge sentence as precise as possible. In the example below, note how a very general sentence can narrow your choices only slightly while a more precise one can lead you to the correct. answer. Example MINISTER : SERMON (A) politiaan:promises (3) heckter:interruptions (©) doctor:chagnosis (0) lecturer:speech (E) curator: museum For example, we could say: ‘A minister makes/qlves sermons. ‘A politician makes promises A heckler makes interruptions. ‘A doctor makes a diagnosis. A lecturer makes a speech. ‘A curator makes a museum . (eliminate). ‘These sentences only ellminate (E) and aren't a lot of help. But, if we say: "One of the functions of a minister Is to teach through sermons" then we eliminate all choices but (0), that ts, "One of the functions of a lecturer 1s to teach through speeches." ‘The Parts of Speech Must Match f the capitalized pair are NOUN:NOUN, then the correct answer must also be noun:naun. If the capitalized pair are NOUN:ADJECTIVE, then the correct answer must be noun: adjective, etc, Most analogies invalve nauns or adjectives. ‘You will find this "part of speech" rule most helpful when a word Is used In a way that may be unfamiliar to you ‘Try this one: Example RIFLE:RANSAC! (A) search:destroy (8) shoot : kall {C) speak:orate (0) pontificaterdiscuss (E) elucidateselarify since all the choices here are verbs, rifle must also be used as 2 verb. (8) is probably misleading, then, since it’s based on a gun. If you didn't know what the word rifle meant when It Is used as a verb, then consider what possible type of analogy we have here. (C) and (D) are-roughly synonymous while (E) Is 3 true synonym. Possibly a synonym Is needed, so you guess (E). And you're right: rifle does mean to ransack. Be Alert to Multiple Meanings Even though the part of speech remains the same (unlike our rifle example), a word may have multiple meanings. If you are having difficulty figuring out the analogy, perhaps you are using the wrong definition for one of the wards. [he Answer must Be inthe sameorder 8 not fore Reference. Tt may Vary the Origin:www. previouspapers.co.in ized words and the pair you choose are in the same order. nate Make sure that the cap! COLLAGE:ARTIST novel: author composer: ‘A collage ts a work of art created by an artist. A novel is a work of literary art created by a novelist. ‘A composer Is NOT a work of musical art created by a sonata. (The reverse Is true: a sonata Is a work of musical art created by 3 composer.) exercise Questions birections: Each of the questions below consists of two words that have a certain relationship to each ‘other, followed by five pairs of related words. Select the correct one. ANGLE : DEGREE area : square inch milk : quart society : classes letter : alphabet tume : minutes mange CONFIRMED = INVETERATE knawledge : supposed finanaal : bankrupt immature : callow credible : incredible careful: punishing pangeny LULLABY : BARCAROLE birth : marriage night : morning cradle : gondola song : poem pensow ZOOLOGY : ANIMALS ecology : pallution botany : plants chemistry : atoms history : people mathematics : geometry pansys DORY : VAN dairy : cow fish : vehicle freighter : caisson runners : wheels danish : Dutch papseu PARQUET : WOOD color : painting mosaic potpourn : medley | collage : tapestry’ linoleum ; marble panges ‘SAW © CARPENTER ‘Scissors : tallor Wagon : farmer Rote Fcicueat Las pepe sded luvs da Oily face jee harense.. ‘May Wane tie eebutin¢. Brush : painter www. previouspapers.co.in d. Typewriter ; author » pee © Trowel: bricklayer 8. LURK : WAIT a. boost : elevate b. deplete : drain . abscond : depart dd. balk = cheat topple : stabilize 9. ALCHEMY : SCIENCE ‘a. nostrum : remedy b, sideshow : carnival ploy : tactic d. forgery : Imitation burlesque : comedy 10. NEEDLE © KNIT @. batt : fish b, match : fire loom : weave @. soap: wash fe. bed : sleep answer Key 1L.aj 2.b; 3.¢; 4.8; 5.c; 6.b; 7.a; B.c; 9.9; 10. In each questions, a pair of words is given, followed by four pais of words as alternatives. The candidate is Savio choose te par in whch ‘words bear the sane relationship to each other as the words of the given ir. 2. arrows: Quiver 23) Fear: Tremble 1b) money: nank €) Sound: uste ) Coun: Mint. 2. Partridge: Covey a) Directors: Band 'b) Mountain: Range ¢) Sheep: Swarm ) Goods: Consignment Embarrass: Humiliate 23) enquire: Ack b) embezzle: peculate ¢) Gamble: Investment ) Annoy! Exasperate 4. Aerie : Bay 22) capital : government ) boge arcct ©) unit apartment d) house : person ate owe. Ficmead Law gene sded dave da Ohly Sine jee trenne.-26 may Wary the Ocbgiinsingonoke ericeascd www. previouspapers.co.in 22) Disease: Medicine b)charity: Generosity ) Tragady: Comedy ©) Energy: Blectnicny Conviction : Incarceration 2) reduction : diminution 'b) induction : amelioration {¢) radicalization : estumation ¢) marginalization : Intimidation In each of the following questions, there is a relationship between two given words on ane side of: : and one ward is given on ‘another side of: : while anather word is to be faund from the given alternatives, having the same relation with thls word as the ‘words of the given pair bear. Choase the correct alternative. 7, Dungeon: Confinement:: Asylum : ? 2) Refuse b) Mercy ) Truancy ) Remorse ‘8, Scribble: Write: : Stammer : ? 2a) walk b) Play €) Speak d) Dance 9. Quail: Partridges: : Yak: 2 2) Cows ) Deer ¢) Oxan ) Antelapes 120. Snake: Fang :: Bee: ? 2) Honey ) humming ) wax d) sting Choose the word out of the given four alternatives which will with the third word as between the first two. ‘the blank space and show the same relationship 11, Embarrassed ts to humillated as frightened Is to... a) terrtted b) saitsted ) couragequs d) reckless, 12, Candid ts ta indirect as honest is to. a) Frank 'b) wicked c) truthful 4) untruthful 13. Bhakra ts to Sutle) as Aswan Is to... 3} Indus b) Damodar ¢) Volga ¢) mia mata we. Hivcmead Las gene eded dave ds Oily Sane jee tarenne.-it ax waee the webuiinwww.previouspapers.co.in 14. Insomnia is to Lead as Minamata is to. {2} Tobacco b)sercury ©) Alcohol 4) Chromium. 15, Amerphousness Is to Definition a5 Lasstude is to... a) Energy ) Awareness ¢) uniformity ) Companionship Answers & Explanations 1. Ans: b. Arrows are kept In 3.qulver. Similarly, money is kept in a bank. 2. Ans: d, Second Is a collection of frst 3. Ans: d. The word in each pair are synonyms. 4}, Ang: d, Anvaenie is where an eagle lives; = hause is where 3 person lives. 5. ang: The word in each pair are synonyms. 6. Ans: a, A conviction results in Incarceration; 2 reduction results In diminution 7. Ans: a. A prisoner in confined within the dungeon, and an unsheltered person takes refuge within the asylum. 1B. Ans: ¢. First ts an Improper form af the second 9. Ansic. First belongs to the family of the second, 10, Ans: d. Second isthe bite af the first. 11, Ans: a. If someone has been humiliated, they have been greatly embarrassed. If someone is terrified, they are extremely frightened. 112, Ans: d, Candid and indirect refer to opposing tralts, Honest and untruthful refer ta oppasing traits. 13, Ans: d. Bhakra fa a dam sttuated on Sutley nvr, Similarly, Aswan is @ dam stated on Nie river. 14, Anst b. Poisoning by the second! causes the fist: 15. Ans: 3. The words in each palr are opposttes of esch other. fate io Gnddumeal bas pee sind Gane as Cale faa dee Barenne..26 saa Wane the Oesuii