Example 8.

2: An introduction to computational Fluid Dynamics (second

edition), H K Versteeg and W Malalasekera

The initial condition is,

𝑇 = 200 @𝑡 = 0

And initial conditions are,

𝑑𝑇
=0@𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑥

And

𝑇 = 0 @ 𝑥 = 𝐿 (2 𝑐𝑚 )

Equation for point 1,

𝑑𝑇 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
𝜌𝑐 = (𝑘 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Integrating above equation for control volume around point 1,

 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝜌𝑐∆𝑉 = (𝑘𝐴 ) − (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑤

Applying the boundary condition results,

𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝜌𝑐∆𝑉 = (𝑘𝐴 ) − (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑤

𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝜌𝑐∆𝑉 = (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑒

𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃
𝜌𝑐∆𝑉 = (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥
𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃
𝜌𝑐𝐴∆𝑥 = (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥
𝑑𝑇 𝑘
𝜌𝑐∆𝑥 = (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑃 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥 𝐸

Now integrating wrt time using explicit scheme,

𝑘
𝜌𝑐∆𝑥(𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑃 0 ) = (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑃 )∆𝑡
∆𝑥 𝐸
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 0 𝑘 𝑘
𝜌𝑐 𝑇𝑃 − 𝜌𝑐 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝑃
∆𝑥 𝑘 𝑘 ∆𝑥 0
𝜌𝑐 𝑇𝑃 + 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑇𝐸 + 𝜌𝑐 𝑇
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑡 𝑃
∆𝑥 𝑘 𝑘 ∆𝑥 0
(𝜌𝑐 + ) 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑇𝐸 + 𝜌𝑐 𝑇
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑡 𝑃

(𝑎𝑝0 + 𝑎𝑒 )𝑇𝑃 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑇𝐸 + 𝑎𝑝0 𝑇𝑃 0 − − − − − (1)

Similarly writing equation for the boundary point 5,

𝑑𝑇 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
𝜌𝑐 = (𝑘 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Integrating above equation for control volume around point 5,

𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝜌𝑐∆𝑉 = (𝑘𝐴 ) − (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑤

𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
𝜌𝑐∆𝑉 = (2𝑘𝐴 ) − (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
𝜌𝑐𝐴∆𝑥 = (2𝑘𝐴 ) − (𝑘𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
 𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
𝜌𝑐∆𝑥 = (2𝑘 ) − (𝑘 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥

Since TB=0, for point 5 TE=TB, therefore the above equation become,

𝑑𝑇 2𝑘 𝑘
𝜌𝑐∆𝑥 = − 𝑇𝑃 − (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑊 )
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝑃

Now integrating wrt time using explicit scheme,

2𝑘 𝑘
𝜌𝑐∆𝑥(𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑃 0 ) = − ∆𝑡 𝑇𝑃 − ∆𝑡 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊 )
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 2𝑘 𝑘
𝜌𝑐 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑃 0 ) = − 𝑇𝑃 − (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑊 )
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝑃
∆𝑥 2𝑘 𝑘
𝜌𝑐 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑃 0 ) = − 𝑇𝑃 − (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑊 )
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝑃
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 0 2𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
𝜌𝑐 𝑇𝑃 − 𝜌𝑐 𝑇𝑃 = − 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑃 + 𝑇
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝑊
∆𝑥 2𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 ∆𝑥 0
𝜌𝑐 𝑇𝑃 + 𝑇𝑃 + 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑇𝑊 + 𝜌𝑐 𝑇
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑡 𝑃
∆𝑥 3𝑘 𝑘 ∆𝑥 0
(𝜌𝑐 + ) 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑇𝑊 + 𝜌𝑐 𝑇
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑡 𝑃

(𝑎𝑝0 + 3𝑎𝑒 )𝑇𝑃 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑇𝑊 + 𝑎𝑝0 𝑇𝑃 0 − − − − − (2)

For point 2, 3, and 4 using equation 8.16 without source term,

(𝑎𝑝0 + 𝑎𝑊 + 𝑎𝐸 )𝑇𝑃 = 𝑎𝑊 𝑇𝑊 + 𝑎𝐸 𝑇𝐸 + 𝑎𝑝0 𝑇𝑃 0 − − − − − (3)

Using the following values,

𝜌𝑐 = 10 × 106 , 𝑘 = 10, ∆𝑥 = 0.004, ∆𝑡 = 2

∆𝑥 0.004
𝑎𝑝0 = 𝜌𝑐 = 10 × 106 = 20000
∆𝑡 2
𝑘 10
𝑎𝑒 = 𝑎𝑤 = = = 2500
∆𝑥 0.004

Using equation 1, 2 and 3 writing the discrete equations for node 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
 22500 𝑇1 = 2500 𝑇2 + 20000𝑇1 0 − − − − − (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 1)

25000 𝑇2 = 2500 𝑇1 + 2500 𝑇3 + 20000𝑇2 0 − − − − − (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 2)

25000 𝑇3 = 2500 𝑇2 + 2500 𝑇4 + 20000𝑇2 0 − − − − − (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 3)

25000 𝑇4 = 2500 𝑇3 + 2500 𝑇5 + 20000𝑇4 0 − − − − − (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 4)

27500 𝑇5 = 2500𝑇4 + 20000𝑇5 0 − − − − − (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 5)

Starting with the initial condition i.e. T=200 for 0<x<l, following matlab code is written,

A 1 2 3 4 5 B
0 sec 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
2 sec 199.9958 199.9958 199.9621 199.6255 196.2925 163.2993 0
4 sec 199.9786 199.9786 199.8412 198.7361 190.5159 136.0828 0
6 sec 199.9364 199.9364 199.5986 197.3199 183.7117 115.6703 0
8 sec 199.8554 199.8554 199.2073 195.4296 176.5295 100.172 0
10 sec 199.7217 199.7217 198.6526 193.1452 169.3631 88.249 0
12 sec 199.5226 199.5226 197.9296 190.5532 162.4406 78.9484 0
14 sec 199.247 199.247 197.0419 187.7353 155.8849 71.5884 0
16 sec 198.886 198.886 195.9985 184.7633 149.752 65.6781 0
18 sec 198.4334 198.4334 194.8119 181.6975 144.0576 60.862 0
20 sec 197.8848 197.8848 193.4967 178.587 138.7928 56.8808 0

Value at point A is similar to point 1 due to dT/dx=0 condition and similarly value at point B is 0 due to
boundary condition.
 MATLAB CODE
clear all
clc
T1(1)=200;T2(1)=200;T3(1)=200;T4(1)=200;T5(1)=200;
A=[22500 -2500 0 0 0
-2500 25000 -2500 0 0
0 -2500 25000 -2500 0
0 0 -2500 25000 -2500
0 0 0 -2500 27500
];
for ii=2:11
b=[20000*T1(ii-1)
20000*T2(ii-1)
20000*T3(ii-1)
20000*T4(ii-1)
20000*T5(ii-1)
];

X=A\b;
T1(ii)=X(1);T2(ii)=X(2);T3(ii)=X(3);T4(ii)=X(4);T5(ii)=X(5);
end
[T1' T2' T3' T4' T5']