Transmission Line Primary Parameters

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Transmission Line Primary Parameters”.

1. Which of the following parameters is not a primary parameter?

a) Resistance
b) Attenuation constant
c) Capacitance
d) Conductance
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The primary parameters of a transmission line are the resistance, inductance,
capacitance and conductance. The attenuation, phase and propagation constant are secondary
parameters. Thus the odd one out is the attenuation constant.

2. The networks in which the R, L, C parameters are individually concentrated or lumped at

discrete points in the circuit are called
a) Lumped
b) Distributed
c) Parallel
d) Paired
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The networks in which the R, L, C parameters are individually concentrated or
lumped at discrete points in the circuit are called lumped networks. These networks can be
identified definitely as representing a particular parameter. An example is the filters.

3. The lines having R, L, C distributed along the circuit are called

a) Lumped
b) Distributed
c) Parallel
d) Paired
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In distributed lines, the primary parameters are distributed along the circuit with
each elemental length having its own values and the concentration of the individual parameters is
not possible. An example is the transmission of power.
4. Which primary parameter is uniformly distributed along the length of the conductor?
a) G
b) C
c) L
d) R
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The resistance is a primary parameter that is uniformly distributed along the length
of the conductor. It depends on the cross section area and the length of the conductor.

5. The primary parameter that is associated with the magnetic flux linkage is
a) R
b) L
c) C
d) G
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: When the conductors carry current, the conductor will be surrounded and linked by
magnetic flux. The flux linkages per ampere of current gives rise to the effect of inductance. It is
denoted by L.

6. The primary parameter that is associated with the electric charges is

a) G
b) R
c) C
d) L
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Conductors separated by insulating dielectrics in order to store electric charges,
gives rise to the capacitance effect. The capacitance is distributed in the whole conductor length.

7. The leakage current in the transmission lines is referred to as the

a) Resistance
b) Radiation
c) Conductance
d) Polarisation
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The dielectrics or insulators of the open wire line may not be perfect and a leakage
current will flow. This leakage conductance exists between the conductors.
8. Find the receiving impedance of a transmission line having a voltage of 24V and a conduction
current of 1.2A is
a) 25.2
b) 22.8
c) 28.8
d) 20
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: By Ohm’s law, the impedance is the ratio of the voltage to the current. On
substituting for V = 24 and I = 1.2, we get Z = V/I = 24/1.2 = 20 units.

9. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line with impedance and admittance of 16 and
9 respectively is
a) 25
b) 1.33
c) 7
d) 0.75
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is given by Zo = √(Z/Y), where Z is the impedance
and Y is the admittance. On substituting for Z = 16 and Y = 9, we get the characteristic
impedance as √(16/9) = 1.33 units.

10. The propagation constant of a transmission line with impedance and admittance of 9 and 16
respectively is
a) 25
b) 144
c) 12
d) 7
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The propagation constant is given by γ = √(ZY), where Z is given by 9 and Y is 16.
On substituting the given values, the propagation constant will be γ = √(ZY) = √(9 x 16) = 12
units.

11. Find the characteristic impedance expression in terms of the inductance and capacitance
parameters.
a) Zo = √(LC)
b) Zo = LC
c) Zo = √(L/C)
d) Zo = L/C
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is given by the square root of the ratio of the
inductance to the capacitance. Thus Zo = √(L/C) is the required expression.

12. When a transmission line has a load impedance same as that of the characteristic impedance,
the line is said to be
a) Parallel
b) Perpendicular
c) Polarized
d) Matched
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: When a transmission line load impedance is same as that of the characteristic
impedance, the line is said to be matched. In such cases, full transmission of power will occur,
with minimal losses.

Electromagnetic Theory Questions for

Entrance Exams - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers for Entrance exams focuses on
“Transmission Line Secondary Parameters”.

1. The wavelength of a line with a phase constant of 6.28 units is

a) 2
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) 3.14
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The wavelength and the phase constant are related by λ = 2π/β, where β is given as
6.28. On substituting for β, we get λ = 2π/6.28 = 1 unit.

2. The wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 6 GHz in air is

a) 50
b) 5
c) 0.5
d) 0.05
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The wavelength is given by the ratio of the velocity to the frequency of the wave. In
air medium, the velocity can be assumed as the speed of light. On substituting for v and f, we get
λ = v/f = 3×108/6×109 = 0.05 units.

3. The phase constant of a wave with a wavelength of 2 units is given by

a) 2
b) 3.14
c) 6.28
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The phase constant is given by β = 2π/λ. On substituting for λ = 2, we get β = 2π/2
= 3.14 units.

4. The frequency of a wave travelling in a transmission line with velocity 4 x 108 and
wavelength 3 units is
a) 0.75 GHz
b) 0.133 GHz
c) 7.5 GHz
d) 1.33 GHz
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The frequency and wavelength relation is given by f = v/λ. On substituting for v
and λ, we get f = 4 x 108/3 = 0.133 GHz.

5. The velocity and phase constant relation is given by

a) V = ω/β
b) V = ωβ
c) V = β/ω
d) Vωβ = 1
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is the ratio of the frequency in radian/second to the phase
constant. It is given by V = ω/β.

6. Find the phase constant of a wave travelling with a velocity of 1.2 x 108 and a frequency of
7.5 giga radian/sec
a) 62.5
b) 26.5
c) 56.2
d) 52.6
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The phase constant is given by β = ω/v, from the definition of phase constant and
velocity. On substituting for ω = 7.5 x 109 and v = 1.2 x 108, we get the phase constant β = 7.5 x
109/1.2 x 108 = 62.5 units.

7. The electrical length in a transmission line refers to the

a) Product of attenuation constant and length
b) Ratio of attenuation constant and length
c) Product of phase constant and length
d) Ratio of phase constant and length
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The electrical length in a transmission line refers to the product of the attenuation
constant α and the length of the line l. It is given by αl.

8. The unit of attenuation constant is

a) Decibel
b) Bel
c) Neper
d) No unit
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Attenuation constant is the measure of the power loss of the wave during its
transmission. It is expressed in terms of neper and 1 neper= 8.686 decibel/m.

9. The attenuation constant causes phase distortion and the phase constant causes frequency
distortion. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: There are always some distortions, even in the perfect transmission line. This is due
to the variation of the secondary parameters. The attenuation constant causes the frequency
distortion, whereas the phase constant causes the phase distortion.

10. The propagation constant of a wave with attenuation and phase constant given by 2 and 3
respectively is
a) 2 – 3j
b) 3 – 2j
c) 2 + 3j
d) 3 + 2j
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The propagation constant is given by γ = α + jβ. Given that α = 2 and β = 3. Thus
we get the propagation constant as γ = 2 + 3j.

11. The velocity of wave in the air medium is

a) 1 x 108
b) 1.5 x 108
c) 3 x 108
d) 1 x 109
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The light is travelling at its fastest speed in air medium. Thus the velocity of a wave
in the air medium is assumed to have the speed of light. It is given by c = 3 x 108.

12. Identify the secondary parameter from the options given below.
a) Resistance
b) Conductance
c) Phase constant
d) Capacitance
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Primary parameters are directly observed from the circuit characteristics.
Secondary parameters are derived or calculated from the primary parameters. R, L, C, G are
primary parameters, whereas α, β, γ, Zo are secondary parameters.

Transmission Line Equations -

Electromagnetic Theory Questions and
Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Transmission Line Equations”.

1. Which of the following parameters does not exist in the transmission line equation?
a) R
b) Zo
c) ZL
d) Propagation constant
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The transmission line equation consists of secondary parameters only, which are
derived from the primary parameters. The propagation constant, load impedance and the
characteristic impedance are related in the transmission line equation.

2. For an infinite transmission line, the characteristic impedance is given by 50 ohm. Find the
input impedance.
a) 25
b) 100
c) 2500
d) 50
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: From the transmission line equation, the infinite line will have an input impedance
same as that of the characteristic impedance. Thus Zin = Zo for l->∞. This shows that the line
will be matched. The input impedance for the given case is 50 ohm.

3. The best transmission length for effective transmission of power is

a) L = λ/4
b) L = λ/8
c) L = λ/2
d) L = ∞
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum transmission of power will occur, when the transmission line is matched.
This implies that the input and characteristic impedances are the same. This condition is possible
for l = λ/8 and l = ∞. Since l = ∞ is not feasible, the best option is l = λ/8.

4. When the length of the transmission line is same as that of the wavelength, then which
condition holds good?
a) Zin = Zo
b) Z = Zo
c) ZL = Zo
d) Zin = ZL
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: When the transmission line has a length same as that of the wavelength of the wave
propagating through it, the input impedance will be same as the load impedance. This is the case
where the wave is not amplified. The transmission line acts as a buffer.

5. The input impedance of a half wave transmission line with a load impedance of 12.5 ohm is
a) 25
b) 50
c) 6.25
d) 12.5
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For a half wave transmission line L = λ/2, the input and the load impedances will be
the same. Thus for the given data, the input impedance will be 12.5 ohm.

6. The condition for a quarter wave transformer is

a) Zo2 = Zin ZL
b) Zo = Zin ZL
c) ZL2 = Zin Zo
d) Zo = Zin
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The quarter wave transformer represents L = λ/4. In this case, the characteristic
impedance is the geometric mean of the input and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL is the
required condition.

7. Find the characteristic impedance of a quarter wave with input and load impedances given by
50 and 25 respectively.
a) 50
b) 25
c) 75
d) 35.35
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For a quarter line wave, the characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of input
and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zin = 50 and ZL = 25, we get Zo2
= 50 x 25. The characteristic impedance will be 35.35 ohm.

8. Find the load impedance in a quarter line transformer with characteristic impedance of 75 ohm
and input impedance of 200 ohm.
a) 28.125
b) 12.285
c) 52.185
d) 85.128
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For a quarter line wave, the characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of input
and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zo = 75 and Zin = 200, we get ZL
= Zo2/Zin = 752/200 = 28.125 ohm.
9. The reflection coefficient of a perfectly matched transmission line is
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) ∞
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In a perfectly matched line, maximum power transfer will occur. Losses will be
minimal. This implies unity transmission coefficient and zero reflection coefficient.

10. The purpose of the transmission line equation is to

a) Find primary parameters
b) Find secondary parameters
c) Find the reflection cofficient
d) Impedance matching
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line equation is useful in finding the length of the line which
gives maximum power transfer. Thus it is useful for impedance matching.

11. The quarter wave transformer can be considered as a

a) Impedance inverter
b) Impedance doubler
c) Impedance tripler
d) Impedance quadrupler
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A quarter wave transformer may be considered as an impedance inverter as it can
transform a low impedance into a high impedance and vice-versa.

12. Which transmission line is called as one to one transformer?

a) L = λ
b) L = λ/2
c) L = λ/4
d) L = λ/8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The half wave transformer line repeats its terminating impedance. In other words,
when l = λ/2, Zin = ZL. Thus it is considered to be one to one transformer.
Input & Characteristic Impedances -
Electromagnetic Theory Questions and
Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Input and Characteristic Impedances”.

1. The characteristic impedance of a quarter wave transformer with load and input impedances
given by 30 and 75 respectively is
a) 47.43
b) 37.34
c) 73.23
d) 67.45
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In quarter wave transformer, the characteristic impedance will be the geometric
mean of the input impedance and the load impedance. Thus Zo2 = ZIN ZL. On substituting for ZIN
= 75 and ZL = 30, we get the characteristic impedance as 47.43 units.

2. The input impedance of a quarter wave line 50 ohm and load impedance of 20 ohm is
a) 50
b) 20
c) 1000
d) 125
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The characteristic impedance will be the geometric mean of the input impedance
and the load impedance. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zo = 50 and ZL = 20, we get the
input impedance as 502/20 = 125 ohm.

3. For a matched line, the input impedance will be equal to

a) Load impedance
b) Characteristic impedance
c) Output impedance
d) Zero
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A matched line refers to the input and characteristic impedance being the same. In
such condition, maximum transmission will occur with minimal losses. The reflection will be
very low.

4. The reflection coefficient lies in the range of

a) 0 < τ < 1
b) -1 < τ < 1
c) 1 < τ < ∞
d) 0 < τ < ∞
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient lies in the range of 0 < τ < 1. For full transmission, the
reflection will be zero. For no transmission, the reflection will be unity.

5. When the ratio of load voltage to input voltage is 5, the ratio of the characteristic impedance to
the input impedance is
a) 1/5
b) 5
c) 10
d) 25
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: From the transmission line equation, the ratio of the load voltage to the input
voltage is same as the ratio of the characteristic impedance to the input impedance. Thus the
required ratio is 5.

6. The power of the transmitter with a radiation resistance of 12 ohm and an antenna current of
3.5A is
a) 147
b) 741
c) 174
d) 471
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The power in a transmitter is given by Prad = Iant2 Rrad. On substituting Irad = 3.5
and Rrad =12, we get Prad = 3.52 x 12 = 147 units.

7. The group delay of the wave with phase constant of 62.5 units and frequency of 4.5 radian/sec
is
a) 13.88
b) 31.88
c) 88.13
d) 88.31
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The group delay is given by td = β/ω. Given that β = 62.5 and ω = 4.5, we get the
group delay as td = 62.5/4.5 = 13.88 units.

8. The maximum impedance of a transmission line 50 ohm and the standing wave ratio of 2.5 is
a) 20
b) 125
c) 200
d) 75
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum impedance of a line is given by Zmax = SZo. On substituting for S =
2.5 and Zo = 50, we get Zmax = 2.5 x 50 = 125 ohm.

9. The minimum impedance of a transmission line 75 ohm with a standing wave ratio of 4 is
a) 75
b) 300
c) 18.75
d) 150
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The minimum impedance of a line is given by Zmin = Zo/S. On substituting for Zo
= 75 and S = 4, we get Zmin = 75/4 = 18.75 units.

10. The average power in an electromagnetic wave is given by

a) propagation constant
b) poynting vector
c) phase constant
d) attenuation constant
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Poynting vector is the cross product of the electric field and magnetic field
intensities. It gives the total power of an electromagnetic wave.

11. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is normally chosen to be

a) 50
b) 75
c) 50 or 75
d) 100
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is always 50 ohm or 75 ohm for a transmission line.
This is because of the GHz range of operation and the load impedences employed.

12. Identify the material which is not present in a transmission line setup.
a) waveguides
b) cavity resonator
c) antenna
d) oscillator
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line setup consists of antennae for transmitting and receiving
power. It consists of waveguides and cavity resonator for guided transmission of electromagnetic
waves. Thus oscillator is the odd one out.

Reflection & Transmission Coefficients

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Reflection and Transmission Coefficients”.

1. The reflection coefficient of a wave with transmission coefficient 0.35 is

a) 1.35
b) 0.65
c) 0.35
d) 0.7
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The reflection coefficient is the reverse of the transmission coefficient. Thus T + R
= 1. On substituting for T = 0.35, the reflection coefficient R will be 1 – 0.35 = 0.65 (no unit).

2. The incident wave amplitude is 24 units. Find the reflected wave amplitude if the reflection
coefficient is 0.6.
a) 14.4
b) 16.6
c) 13.3
d) 11.1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient is the ratio of the reflected amplitude to the incident
amplitude. Thus R = Er/Ei. On substituting for Ei = 24 and R = 0.6, we get Er = R Ei = 0.6 X 24
= 14.4 units.

3. Find the reflection coefficient of the wave passing through two media having intrinsic
impedances of 4 and 9 respectively.
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) 0.38
d) 0.1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms of intrinsic impedances is given by R = η2 –
η1/η2 + η1. On substituting for η1 = 4 and η2 = 9, we get R = 9 – 4/9 + 4 = 5/13 = 0.38.

4. The reflection coefficient of a wave travelling through two media having permittivities 4 and 9
respectively is
a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 0.25
d) 0.2
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms of permittivity is given by R = √ε2 – √ε1/√ε2 +
√ε1. On substituting for ε1 = 4 and ε2 = 9, we get R = 3 – 2/3 + 2 = 1/5 = 0.2.

5. Calculate the transmission coefficient, when the incident and transmitted amplitudes are 10
and 7 respectively.
a) 17
b) 3
c) 10/7
d) 0.7
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission coefficient is defined as the ratio of the transmitted amplitude to
the incident amplitude. Thus T = Et/Ei. On substituting for Ei = 10 and Et = 7, we get T = 7/10 =
0.7.

6. The transmission coefficient in a wave travelling through two media having intrinsic
impedances of 5.5 and 1.33 is
a) 0.389
b) 0.55
c) 0.133
d) 0.42
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transmission coefficient is terms of the intrinsic impedance is given by T =
2η2/η1 + η2. On substituting for η1 = 5.5 and η2 = 1.33, we get T = 2 x 1.33/1.33 + 5.5 =
2.66/6.83 = 0.389.

7. The transmission coefficient in a wave travelling through two media having permittivities 4
and 1 is
a) 1/4
b) 3/2
c) 3/4
d) 2/3
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission coefficient in terms of the permittivity is given by T= 2√ε2/√ε1 +
√ε2. On substituting for ε1 = 4 and ε2 = 1, we get T= 2(1)/1 + 2 = 2/3.

8. The reflection coefficient of a transmission line having characteristic and load impedances as
50 and 30 ohm respectively is
a) 1/4
b) 1/8
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient of a transmission line is given by, R = ZL – Zo/ZL + Zo,
where ZL and Zo is the load and characteristic impedances respectively. On substituting ZL = 30
and Zo = 50, the reflection coefficient R = 50 – 30/50 + 30 = 20/80 = 1/4.

9. In matched line, the transmission coefficient is

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In matched line, the maximum power is transferred from transmitter to receiver.
Such reflection coefficient will be zero and transmission coefficient is unity.
10. Find the power reflected in a transmission line, when the reflection coefficient and input
power are 0.45 and 18V respectively.
a) 3.645
b) 6.453
c) 4.563
d) 5.463
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The ratio of the reflected to incident amplitudes gives the reflection. Similarly, the
ratio of reflected to incident power gives square of the reflection coefficient. Thus Prefl =
R2Pinc. On substituting for R = 0.45 and Pinc = 18, we get Prefl = 0.452 x 18 = 3.645 units.

11. The transmitted power in a transmission line, when the reflection coefficient and the incident
power are 0.6 and 24V respectively, is
a) 15.36
b) 51.63
c) 15.63
d) 51.36
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transmitted power in terms of the reflection coefficient and the incident power
is Ptr = (1-R2)Pinc, where R = 0.6 and Pinc = 24, from the given data. Thus Ptr = (1- 0.62) x 24 =
15.36 units.

12. The reflection coefficient of a short circuit transmission line is -1. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For a short circuit line, the losses are maximum due to heavy current flow. This
leads to less transmission and more attenuation. Thus the reflection coefficient is negative. R = -
1 for short circuit lines.

Electromagnetic Theory Questions for

Campus Interviews - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers for Campus interviews focuses on
“Standing Waves and SWR”.
1. Standing waves occurs due to
a) Impedance match
b) Impedance mismatch
c) Reflection
d) Transmission
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line. It
shows the variation of the wave amplitudes due to mismatching.

2. Standing wave ratio is defined as the

a) Ratio of voltage maxima to voltage minima
b) Ratio of current maxima to current minima
c) Product of voltage maxima and voltage minima
d) Product of current maxima and current minima
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave’s amplitude at an antinode
(maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line. It is given by S = VMAX/VMIN.

3. Given that the reflection coefficient is 0.6. Find the SWR.

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between reflection coefficient and SWR is given by S = 1 + R/1 – R.
On substituting for R = 0.6, we get S = 1 + 0.6/1 – 0.6 = 1.6/0.4 = 4.

4. The maxima and minima voltage of the standing wave are 6 and 2 respectively. The standing
wave ratio is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1/2
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The ratio of voltage maxima to voltage minima is given by the standing wave ratio
SWR. Thus S = VMAX/VMIN. On substituting the given data, we get S = 6/2 = 3.
5. Find the standing wave ratio, when a load impedance of 250 ohm is connected to a 75 ohm
line.
a) 0.3
b) 75
c) 250
d) 3.33
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is the ratio of the load impedance to the characteristic
impedance. Thus S = ZL/Zo. On substituting for ZL = 250 and Zo = 75, we get S = 250/75 =
3.33.

6. Find the reflection coefficient of the wave with SWR of 3.5.

a) 0.55
b) 0.23
c) 0.48
d) 0.68
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms of the SWR is given by R = S – 1/S + 1. On
substituting for S = 3.5, we get 3.5 – 1/3.5 + 1 = 0.55.

7. The range of the standing wave ratio is

a) 0 < S < 1
b) -1 < S < 1
c) 1 < S < ∞
d) 0 < S < ∞
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is given by S = 1 – R/1 + R. Thus the minimum value of S
is 1. It can extend upto infinity for long lines. Thus the range is 1 < S < ∞.

8. For matched line, the standing wave ratio will be

a) 0
b) ∞
c) -1
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In a matched line, maximum transmission occurs. The reflection will be zero. The
standing wave ratio S = 1 – R/1 + R. For R = 0, the SWR is unity for matched line.
9. The maximum impedance of a 50 ohm transmission line with SWR of 3 is
a) 50/3
b) 3/50
c) 150
d) 450
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum impedance is given by the product of the characteristic impedance
and the SWR. Thus Zmax = S Zo. On substituting for S = 3 and Zo = 50, we get ZMAX = 3 X 50 =
150 units.

10. The minimum impedance of a 75 ohm transmission line with a SWR of 2.5 is
a) 100
b) 50
c) 25
d) 30
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum impedance in terms of SWR is given by ZMIN = Zo/S. Substituting
the given data for S = 2.5 and Zo = 75, we get Zmin = 75/2.5 = 30.

11. The standing wave ratio of short circuited and open circuited lines will be
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line will reflect high power when it is short or circuited. This will
lead to high reflection coefficient. Thus the standing wave ratio will be infinity for these extreme
cases.

12. The current reflection coefficient of a line with voltage reflection coefficient of 0.65 is given
by
a) 0
b) 0.65
c) -0.65
d) 0.35
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The current reflection coefficient at any point on the line is the negative of the
voltage reflection coefficient at that point, i.e, -R. Given that the voltage reflection coefficient is
0.65, thus the current reflection coefficient is -0.65.

Power, Power Loss & Return Loss -

Electromagnetic Theory Questions and
Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Power, Power Loss and Return Loss”.

1. The power of the electromagnetic wave with electric and magnetic field intensities given by
12 and 15 respectively is
a) 180
b) 90
c) 45
d) 120
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Poynting vector gives the power of an EM wave. Thus P = EH/2. On
substituting for E = 12 and H = 15, we get P = 12 x 15/2 = 90 units.

2. The power of a wave of with voltage of 140V and a characteristic impedance of 50 ohm is
a) 1.96
b) 19.6
c) 196
d) 19600
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The power of a wave is given by P = V2/2Zo, where V is the generator voltage and
Zo is the characteristic impedance. on substituting the given data, we get P = 1402/(2×50) = 196
units.

3. The power reflected by a wave with incident power of 16 units is(Given that the reflection
coefficient is 0.5)
a) 2
b) 8
c) 6
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The fraction of the reflected to the incident power is given by the reflection
coefficient. Thus Pref = R2xPinc. On substituting the given data, we get Pref = 0.52 x 16 = 4
units.

4. The power transmitted by a wave with incident power of 16 units is(Given that the reflection
coefficient is 0.5)
a) 12
b) 8
c) 16
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The fraction of the transmitted to the incident power is given by the reflection
coefficient. Thus Pref = (1-R2) Pinc. On substituting the given data, we get Pref = (1- 0.52) x 16
= 12 units. In other words, it is the remaining power after reflection.

5. The incident and the reflected voltage are given by 15 and 5 respectively. The transmission
coefficient is
a) 1/3
b) 2/3
c) 1
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The ratio of the reflected to the incident voltage is the reflection coefficient. It is
given by R = 5/15 = 1/3. To get the transmission coefficient, T = 1 – R = 1 – 1/3 = 2/3.

6. The current reflection coefficient is given by -0.75. Find the voltage reflection coefficient.
a) -0.75
b) 0.25
c) -0.25
d) 0.75
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The voltage reflection coefficient is the negative of the current reflection
coefficient. For a current reflection coefficient of -0.75, the voltage reflection coefficient will be
0.75.

7. The attenuation is given by 20 units. Find the power loss in decibels.

a) 13.01
b) 26.02
c) 52.04
d) 104.08
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The attenuation refers to the power loss. Thus the power loss is given by 20 units.
The power loss in dB will be 10 log 20 = 13.01 decibel.

8. The reflection coefficient is 0.5. Find the return loss.

a) 12.12
b) -12.12
c) 6.02
d) -6.02
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The return loss is given by RL = -20log R, where is the reflection coefficient. It is
given as 0.5. Thus the return loss will be RL = -20 log 0.5 = 6.02 decibel.

9. The radiation resistance of an antenna having a power of 120 units and antenna current of 5A
is
a) 4.8
b) 9.6
c) 3.6
d) 1.8
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The power of an antenna is given by Prad = Ia2 Rrad, where Ia is the antenna
current and Rrad is the radiation resistance. On substituting the given data, we get Rrad =
Prad/Ia2 = 120/52 = 4.8 ohm.

10. The transmission coefficient is given by 0.65. Find the return loss of the wave.
a) 9.11
b) 1.99
c) 1.19
d) 9.91
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transmission coefficient is the reverse of the reflection coefficient, i.e, T + R =
1. When T = 0.65, we get R = 0.35. Thus the return loss RL = -20log R = -20log 0.35 = 9.11
decibel.

11. The return loss is given as 12 decibel. Calculate the reflection coefficient.
a) 0.35
b) 0.55
c) 0.25
d) 0.75
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The return loss is given by RL = -20log R. The reflection coefficient can be
calculated as R = 10(-RL/20), by anti logarithm property. For the given return loss RL = 12, we get
R = 10(-12/20) = 0.25.

12. Find the transmission coefficient of a wave, when the return loss is 6 decibel.
a) 0.498
b) 0.501
c) 0.35
d) 0.65
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The return loss is given by RL = -20log R. The reflection coefficient can be
calculated as R = 10(-RL/20), by anti logarithm property. For the given return loss RL = 6, we get R
= 10(-6/20) = 0.501. The transmission coefficient will be T = 1 –
R = 1-0.501 = 0.498.

Electromagnetic Theory Aptitude Test -

Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers for Aptitude test focuses on
“Intrinsic Impedance and Propagation Constant”.

1. The intrinsic impedance of a wave with electric and magnetic field of 10 and 8 respectively is
a) 1.6
b) 1.11
c) 1.25
d) 0.8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance of a wave is given by η = √(E/H). on substituting for E =
10 and H = 8, we get η = 1.11 units.

2. The intrinsic impedance is defined as the ratio of the magnetic field to the electric field of the
electromagnetic wave. State true/false
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance is defined as the ratio of the electric field intensity to the
magnetic field intensity. It is denoted by η. It is a complex quantity.

3. The intrinsic impedance in free space is

a) 60π
b) 12π
c) 6π
d) 120π
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance of the free space is the ratio of the permittivity to the
permeability. For air medium, the value is 120π or 377 ohm.

4. The propagation constant is a complex quantity. State true/false.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The propagation constant is a complex quantity. It is given by γ = α + jβ, where α is
the attenuation constant, a real value and β is the phase constant, a complex value.

5. Calculate the propagation constant of a wave with impedance and admittance given by 32 and
12 respectively.
a) 19.6
b) 17.6
c) 15.6
d) 13.6
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The propagation constant is given by γ = √(ZY), where Z is the impedance and Y is
the admittance. On substituting for Z = 32 and Y = 12, we get γ = 19.6 units.

6. The intrinsic angle is 250, find the loss angle.

a) 12.5
b) 50
c) 25
d) 75
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The loss angle is twice of the intrinsic angle. It is given by δ = 2θn. On substituting
for θn = 25, the loss angle δ = 2(25) = 50 degree.

7. The standing wave ratio of the wave with maximum and minimum electric field intensities of
12 and 4 is
a) 12
b) 4
c) 3
d) 48
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The SWR is defined as the ratio of maximum electric field intensities to the
minimum field intensities. It is given by S = EMAX/EMIN. Thus for the given data, S = 12/4 = 3.

8. The standing wave ratio of a wave travelling through two media having intrinsic impedances
of 3 and 2 is
a) 2⁄3
b) 3⁄2
c) 1⁄5
d) 5
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is given by the ratio of the intrinsic impedance of medium
1 to the intrinsic impedance of medium 2. Thus S = η1/η2. On substituting for η1 = 3 and η2 = 2,
we get S = 3/2.

9. The reflection coefficient of a wave travelling through two media having electric intrinsic
impedances of 3 and 5 respectively is
a) 2
b) 8
c) 5⁄3
d) 1/4
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms for intrinsic impedance is R= η2-η1/η2+η1. On
substituting the given data, we get R = 5 – 3/5 + 3 = 2/8 = ¼.

10. The reflection coefficient of a wave travelling through two media having magnetic intrinsic
impedances of 2 and 1 respectively is
a) 1⁄2
b) 1⁄3
c) 1⁄4
d) 1⁄5
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms for magnetic intrinsic impedance is R = η1 –
η2/η1 + η2. On substituting the given data, we get R = 2 – 1/2 + 1 = 1/3.

11. The transmission coefficient of a wave travelling through two media having electric intrinsic
impedances of 3 and 2 respectively is
a) 2⁄2
b) 8⁄9
c) 4⁄5
d) 1⁄4
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The transmission coefficient in terms for intrinsic impedance is R = 2η2/η2 + η1.
On substituting the given data, we get R = 2 x 2/2 + 3 = 4/5.

12. The transmission coefficient of a wave travelling through two media having electric intrinsic
impedances of 3 and 4 respectively is
a) 2⁄3
b) 8⁄9
c) 2⁄5
d) 6⁄7
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission coefficient in terms for intrinsic impedance is R = 2η1/η2 + η1.
On substituting the given data, we get R = 2 x 3⁄4 + 3 = 6/7.

Skin Effect - Electromagnetic Theory

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Skin Effect”.

1. The skin effect is a phenomenon observed in

a) Insulators
b) Dielectrics
c) Conductors
d) Semiconductors
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The skin of the conductor allows a certain amount of electromagnetic power to pass
through it. This phenomenon is called the skin effect. This is the reason why, electromagnetic
waves cannot travel inside a conductor.

2. The skin depth is measured in

a) Meter
b) Millimetre
c) Centimetre
d) Micrometer
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The depth to which the electromagnetic waves pass through the conductor is very
small. It is measured in μm.

3. The skin depth is calculated from the amplitude of the wave. State true/false
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The skin depth is the measure of the depth to which the amplitude of an EM wave
will reduce to 36.8% of its initial value. Thus it can be calculated if the initial amplitude is
known.

4. The attenuation constant is 0.5 units. The skin depth will be

a) 0.5
b) 0.25
c) 2
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The skin depth is the reciprocal of the attenuation constant. Thus δ = 1/α. On
substituting for α = 0.5, we get δ = 1/0.5 = 2 units.

5. Calculate the skin depth of a conductor, having a conductivity of 200 units. The wave
frequency is 10 GHz in air.
a) 355.8
b) 3.558
c) 35.58
d) 0.3558
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The skin depth is calculated by δ = 1/√(πfμσ), where f is the frequency, μ is the
permeability and σ is the conductivity. For the given data, f = 10 x 109, μ = 4π x 10-7 in air and σ
= 200, we get δ = 355.8 μm.

6. The effective skin resistance of a material with conductivity 120 and skin depth of 2μm is
a) 4.16 kilo ohm
b) 4.16 mega ohm
c) 41.6 kilo ohm
d) 41.6 mega ohm
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The effective skin resistance is given by Rs = 1/δσ, where δ is the skin depth and σ
is the conductivity. For the given data, δ = 2 x 10-6 and σ = 120, we get Rs = 1/(120x2x10-6) =
4.16 kilo ohm.

7. The skin depth is used to find which parameter?

a) DC resistance
b) AC resistance
c) Permittivity
d) Potential
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the skin depth varies for different frequencies, it can be used to calculate the
varying AC resistance for a material.

8. The relation between the skin depth and frequency is given by

a) Skin depth α f
b) Skin depth α 1/f
c) Skin depth α √f
d) Skin depth α 1/√f
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The skin depth is given by δ = 1/√(πfμσ). Thus the relation between the skin depth
and the frequency is, Skin depth α 1/√f.

9. A perfect dielectric acts as a

a) Perfect transmitter
b) Perfect reflector
c) Bad transmitter
d) Bad reflector
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A perfect dielectric acts as a perfect transmitter. In other words, a wave incident on
a perfect dielectric will transmit completely through it.

10. A perfect conductor acts as a

a) Perfect transmitter
b) Perfect reflector
c) Bad transmitter
d) Bad reflector
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A perfect conductor acts as a perfect reflector. In other words, a wave incident on a
perfect conductor will be totally reflected back into the same medium. There will be no skin
effect.

11. The resultant electric field of two components in the x and y direction having amplitudes 6
and 8 respectively is
a) 100
b) 36
c) 64
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The resultant electric field of two components is given by E = √(Ex2 + Ey2). For the
given data, the electric field will be E = √(62+82) = 10 units.

12. The skin depth of the wave having a frequency of 3MHz and a velocity of 12 m/s is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is the product of the frequency and the skin depth. Thus v =
f.δ. To get δ, put v = 12 and f = 3MHz, we get δ = 12/(3×106) = 4 μm.

Transmission Lines Types - Electromagnetic

Theory Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Types of Transmission Lines”.

1. Identify which of the following is not a transmission line?

a) Telephone lines
b) Power transmission
c) Underground cables
d) Cavity resonators
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The types of transmission line are telephone lines, power transmission lines,
underground cables, coaxial cables, fibre optic cable transmission etc. Cavity resonators are not
transmission lines, they are components that aid maximum transmission.

2. The open wire transmission line consists of

a) Conductor
b) Dielectric
c) Both conductor and dielectric
d) Either conductor or dielectric
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The open wire is a common form of transmission line. The open wire consists of
conductors. The conductors of such lines are considered to be parallel and separated by a
dielectric.

3. Telephone lines and power lines are open wire transmission lines. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The open wire lines are long and used for distant wired communication. Such lines
are telephone and power lines.

4. The cable transmission line consists of

a) Conductors
b) Insulators
c) Insulated conductors
d) Insulated conductors with dielectric
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The cable lines are underground transmission lines. The line consists of hundreds of
individual paper insulated conductors twisted in pairs and combined inside a protective lead or
plastic sheath, which is usually a solid dielectric.

5. The conductors lie perpendicularly with the dielectric in the cable line. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In all the transmission lines, the conductors are considered to be parallel with a
solid dielectric.

6. The coaxial cable consists of

a) Conductors
b) Dielectric
c) Conductor with dielectric
d) Two conductors with dielectric
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The coaxial cable consists of a hollow conductor and the second conductor is
located inside and coaxial with the tube. The dielectric may be solid or gaseous.

7. The coaxial cable are used in

a) Telephone cables transmission
b) Power transmission
c) Television signal transmission
d) Short wave transmission
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Practically, the coaxial cables are employed in the transmission of the television
signals from the dish antenna to the transponder.

8. Identify which is not a type of waveguide.

a) Rectangular
b) Circular
c) Cylindrical
d) Cavity resonator
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Rectangular waveguide is a commonly used waveguide. Cylindrical and circular
waveguides are the same. Cavity resonator is not a waveguide.
9. The range of frequencies handled by the waveguides is in
a) Hz
b) KHz
c) MHz
d) GHz
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The waveguides are operated in the GHz range. In particular, the waveguides are
active above 6 GHz. The range goes upto several tens of GHz. Beyond this range, the
transmission is handled by optic fibre cables.

10. The range of frequencies operated by the coaxial cables is in

a) Hz
b) kHz
c) MHz
d) GHz
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Coaxial cables are operated in the MHz range. The main application includes
television cable line transmission.

11. The cut off frequency for waveguide operation is

a) 2 MHz
b) 6 GHz
c) 4 MHz
d) 6 MHz
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The waveguides should be operated above the cut off frequency of 6 GHz. This will
lead to effective power transmission. At a frequency below this, will lead to attenuation.

12. The highest means of communication is

a) Internet
b) Telephone
c) Television
d) Radio
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Though all the means of communication use the radio frequencies, the internet
communication is the fastest. It involves email, voice message, video message etc. The
telephone, television and radio use transmission lines for communication through radio
frequencies, whereas the internet uses both wired and wireless means. Also it employs optic
fibre, which uses light as the medium, since it is faster than the radio signals.

Lossless & Distortionless Line -

Electromagnetic Theory Questions and
Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Lossless and Distortionless Line”.

1. The transmission line is said to be lossless when the

a) Conductor is perfect and dielectric is lossless
b) Conductor is perfect and dielectric is lossy
c) Conductor is imperfect and dielectric is lossy
d) Conductor is imperfect and dielectric is lossless
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Lossless transmission line refers to a line with no losses or attenuation. This is
possible only when the conductor is perfect and the dielectric is lossless.

2. The resistance of a lossless transmission line is

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The lossless transmission line will have minimal loss of power. Thus in the ideal
cases, the resistance is assumed to be zero.

3. Which two parameters given below are zero in the lossless line?
a) L, C
b) C, G
c) G, α
d) R, L
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the minimal losses in the lossless transmission line, the parameters of
conductance and attenuation constant are assumed to be zero. Practically, a lossless line is not
possible.

4. The characteristic impedance of the line having primary constants L and C as 35 milli henry
and 70 micro farad respectively is
a) 500
b) 22.36
c) 125
d) 50
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The characteristic impedance of a lossless line is given by Zo = √(L/C). On
substituting for L = 35 x 10-3 and C = 70 x 10-6, we get Zo = √(500) = 22. 36 ohm.

5. The attenuation constant is measured in the units of

a) Ohm
b) Neper
c) Decibel
d) Radian/sec
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The attenuation is the loss of power due to the transmission. It is measured in the
Neper units. 1 neper = 8.68 decibel/m.

6. The velocity of the transmission line with a frequency of 35 radian/s and phase constant of
68.5 is
a) 1.95
b) 2.36
c) 4.56
d) 3.48
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The velocity of the wave in a transmission line is the ratio of the frequency to the
phase constant. Thus v = ω/β. On substituting for ω = 35 and β = 68.5, we get v = 68.5/35 = 1.95
units.

7. The condition that holds good in a distortionless transmission line is

a) R/L = G/C
b) RL = GC
c) L/R = C/G
d) RG/LC
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a distortionless transmission line, the primary constants are related by R/L =
G/C.

8. Given that R = 20 ohm, L = 40 mH, C = 40 μF, G = 0.02 mho. Find whether the line is
distortionless or not.
a) Distorted line
b) Distortionless line
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For a distortionless line, the condition R/L = G/C must be true. On substituting for
R = 20, L = 40 mH, C = 40 μF, G = 0.02, we get R/L = 500 and G/C = 500. Thus the line is
distortionless.

9. For R= 20 ohm and G= 0.8 mho, the attenuation constant will be

a) 16
b) 4
c) 2
d) 32
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The attenuation constant is given by α = √(RG), where R and G is the resistance
and conductance respectively. On substituting for R = 20 and G = 0.8, we get α = √(20 x 0.8) = 4
units.

10. The velocity of an electromagnetic wave with frequency 6MHz and a skin depth of 1.6 μm.
a) 3.75
b) 0.26
c) 9.6
d) 7.8
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is the product of the frequency and the skin depth. It is
given v = f. δ. On substituting for f = 6 x 106 and δ = 1.6 x 10-6, we get v = 6 x 106 x 1.6 x 10-6 =
9.6 units.

11. The characteristic impedance of the transmission line with R= 45 ohm and G= 0.45 mho is
a) 100
b) 1
c) 0.1
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The characteristic impedance in terms of R, G is Zo = √(R/G). On substituting for R
= 45 and G = 0.45, we get Zo = 10 units.

12. The distortionless line is one in which the attenuation constant and phase constant are
independent of the frequency. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In a distortionless line, the attenuation constant is independent of the frequency and
the phase constant is linearly dependent of the frequency.

Electromagnetic Theory Assessment

Questions - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Assessment Questions and Answers focuses on “Smith
Chart”.

1. The Smith chart is a polar chart which plots

a) R vs Z
b) R vs Znorm
c) T vs Z
d) T vs Znorm
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Smith chart is a frequency domain plot. It is the polar chart of the reflection
coefficient R with respect to the normalised impedance Znorm.

2. The Smith chart is graphical technique used in the scenario of transmission lines. State
true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Smith chart is used for calculating the reflection coefficient and standing wave
ratio for normalised load impedance of a transmission line.

3. The Smith chart consists of the

a) Constant R and variable X circles
b) Variable R and constant X circles
c) Constant R and constant X circles
d) Variable R and variable X circles
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The Smith chart consists of the constant resistance circles and the constant
reactance circles. The impedances are plotted using these circles. Also stub matching can be
done using the Smith chart.

4. The circles in the Smith chart pass through which point?

a) (0,1)
b) (0,-1)
c) (-1,0)
d) (1,0)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: All the constant resistance and reactance circles in the Smith chart pass through the
(1,0) point. This is the midpoint of the Smith Chart. The resistance is unity and reactance is zero
at this point.

5. Moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart implies moving
a) Towards generator
b) Towards load
c) Towards stub
d) Towards waveguide
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: On moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart, we are traversing
towards the generator. This is used to calculate the normalised load impedance.

6. The centre of the point having a normalised resistance of 1.2 ohm and reactance of 1.5 ohm is
a) (0.54,0)
b) (0.45,0)
c) (0.36,0)
d) (0.78,0)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The centre of a point in Smith chart is given by C = (r/1+r, 0). On substituting for r
= 1.2, we get centre as (1.2/1+1.2,0) = (0.54,0).

7. The normalised load impedance of the transmission line 50 ohm with a load of 30 ohm is
a) 30
b) 150
c) 5/3
d) 3/5
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The normalised impedance is calculated by dividing the impedance with the
characteristic impedance. Given that the load impedance is 30 ohm, the normalised load
impedance of the 50 ohm transmission line is 30/50 = 3/5 ohm.

8. The radius of the point having a normalised resistance of 1 ohm is

a) 1
b) 0.2
c) 0.5
d) 0.25
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The radius of the point with a radius r is given by R = 1/r+1. On substituting for r =
1, we get R = 1/1 + 1 = ½ = 0.5.

9. The best stub selection for the transmission line will be

a) Series open
b) Series short
c) Shunt open
d) Shunt short
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Normally series stubs are not preferred as modification of the stub parameters
requires changing the whole stub setup. Shunt stubs enable modification with ease. Open
circuited stubs are not preferred as it will radiate power like an antenna, which is undesirable.
Hence shorted stubs are used.

10. The centre and radius of a line with normalised load impedance of 1 + 0.5j is
a) (1,2) and 2
b) (2,1) and 2
c) (1,2) and 1
d) (2,1) and 1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The centre and radius of a line are (1, 1/x) and 1/x, where x is the reactance. Here x
= 0.5, from the given data. Thus C = (1,2) and R = 2.

Short & Open Circuit Lines -

Electromagnetic Theory Questions and
Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Short and Open Circuit Lines”.

1. The open circuit impedance of the transmission line is given by

a) ZOC = j Zo tan βl
b) ZOC = – j Zo tan βl
c) ZOC = j Zo cot βl
d) ZOC = -j Zo cot βl
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The open circuit in a transmission line refers to the load side open circuited. In this
case, the load impedance will be infinite. Thus the transmission line equation will be ZOC = -j Zo
cot βl.

2. The short circuit impedance of the transmission line is given by

a) ZSC = j Zo tan βl
b) ZSC = -j Zo tan βl
c) ZSC = j Zo cot βl
d) ZSC = -j Zo cot βl
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The short circuit in a transmission line refers to the load side shorted. In this case,
the load impedance will be zero. Thus the transmission line equation will be ZSC = j Zo tan βl.

3. In a shorted line, the reflection coefficient will be

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The shorted line will absorb more power than any other line. Thus the reflection
coefficient is considered to be negative.

4. The open circuit line will have a reflection coefficient of

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: An open circuit line has infinite output impedance. Any wave incident at the output
will be completely reflected. Thus the reflection coefficient is unity.

5. The standing wave ratio in short and open circuit transmission lines will be
a) 0
b) -1
c) 1
d) ∞
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The reflection coefficient is 1 and -1 in open and shorted lines respectively. This
value of reflection coefficient will yield infinite standing wave ratio.

6. The characteristic impedance of a line having open and short impedances of 20 and 5
respectively is
a) 20
b) 100
c) 25
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of the short and open circuit
impedance. It is given by Zo2 = Zsc Zoc. On substituting Zoc = 20 and Zsc = 5, we get Zo2 = 20
X 5 = 100. Thus Zo = 10 ohm.

7. The short circuit impedance is given by 18 ohm and the characteristic impedance is 50 ohm.
Find the open circuit impedance.
a) 138.8
b) 188.3
c) 388.1
d) 838.1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The relation between characteristic impedance, open and short impedance is given
by Zo2 = Zsc Zoc. For the given values Zo = 50 and Zsc = 18, we get Zoc = 502/18 = 138.8 units.

8. For maximum power transfer theorem to be applied to the transmission line, the reflection
coefficient has to be
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) ∞
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Maximum power transfer between the load and source is possible, only when both
are matched. This will lead to no reflections. Thus the reflection coefficient will be zero.

9. Find the transmission coefficient of a 75 ohm line with load impedance of 40 ohm.
a) 0.69
b) 0.96
c) 0.31
d) 0.13
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transmission coefficient in terms of the load impedance is given by T = ZL/Z0.
On substituting for ZL = 40 and Zo = 75, we get T = 40/75 = 0.69.

10. The standing waves for open circuit voltage and short circuit current are the same. State
true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The open circuit voltage and short circuit current will be same for a transmission
line. The phase difference is λ/8.

11. The standing waves for open circuit current and short circuit voltage are the same. State
true/false.
a) true
b) false
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The open circuit current and short circuit voltage will be same for a transmission
line. The phase difference is λ/8.
12. The standing wave ratio for the maximum power transfer in a transmission line is
a) 1:2
b) 2:1
c) -1:1
d) 1:1
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The load and the source has to be matched for maximum power transfer. This is
indicated by the ratio of 1:1.