MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE AREA

Out of the identified plants, the important medicinal plants are short listed . Their

medicinal uses are described mainly on the basis of data obtained local informants
who are Vaidyas, Prists, Sanyasis and natives. The indigenous knowledge includes

local name of the plant sample, part used, and administration. The identification

of the scientific names of the plants was made with the help of flora of different

authors.The plants are arranged alphabetically according to their botanical names.

Local names, vernacular names, habitat, description, flowering period, parts used and
medicinal uses of each and every plant is provided.

Following are the medicinal plants of the area:

1. Botanical name: Abrus precatorious Linn.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Rati

Vernacular names: Assame: Latumoni ,Sanskrit : Gunja , Hindi : Ratti; Gaungchi;

Gunchi; Gunja,Bengali : Kunch; Koonch,Gujarati : Gumchi; ChanothiKannada :

Gulaganji ,Kashmiri : Shangir,Punjabi : Mulati,Tamil : Gundumani; Kunthamani,

Telugu : Gurivinda , Marwari:Chirmi, Oriya:Kaincha.

Habitat: It is generally found near cultivated beds and climb other trees.

Description: It is much branched and climbing undershrub with woody stem. Leaves

are peripinnate and 16-40 foliate; Inflorescence is racemose, axillaryand short than

leaves. Flowers are reddish or white.Pods are slightly inflattend.

Flowering period : In August-September.

Part / Parts used: Seeds, leaves and roots are used .

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Medicinal uses:

Its seeds are used in nervous disorders and as abortifacient.

A paste of its seeds is used as local application in stiffness of shoulder joint,

sciatica and paralysis.

The leaves have sweetish taste and are used in leucoderma, itching and other skin

diseases.

The fresh juice of its leaves mixed with bland non irritating oil is applied on

painful swellings.

The fresh juice of its leaves mixed with Plambago zeylanica is used in leucoderma.

The fresh juice of its leaves is also applied to bare skin of alopecia for regrowth of

hairs.

The decotion of its leaves are given in cough and cold.

the roots are diuretic and emetic and used in the preparation of gonorrhoea,

jaundice and haemogloburic bile.

The paste of its seeds is applied on skin in leucoderma and other skin diseases.

A decotion of its leaves and roots is widely used for cough and cold.

Watery extract of leaves is used for 15 days for blood purification.

Various parts of plant are used in inflammation of gums, muscular pain ,mucus in

urine.

Its various parts are also used in bone fracture.

Area of collection: Paniyali

Herbarium no.: 201

2. Botanical name: Abuliton indicum Linn.

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Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Atibala

Vernacular names: Tamil: "Thuthi", Sanskrit: Atibalaa, Telugu: Duvvena Kayalu,

Hindi: Kanghi.
Habitat: The plant grows as a weed, and is found abundantly in wastelands.

Description: Medium sized many branched perennial shrub grows up to 2 meters in

height. Plant covered with minute hairs. Leaves are alternate, cordate and acute.

Leaves vary in size. Flowers are yellowish, solitary found in leaf axils. Fruits arranged

spirally. Seeds are blackish brown.

Flowering period: Generally throughout the year, chiefly during August-December.

Part / Parts used: Fruits, seeds, bark, flowers, leaves and roots .

Medicinal uses:

The whole plant is uprooted, dried and is powdered. In ancient days, maidens were

made to consume a spoonful of this powder with a spoonful of honey, once in a

day, for 6 months until the day of marriage, for safe and quick pregnancy.

The leaves can also be used to treat ulcers, headaches, gonorrhea & bladder

infection.

The leaves are used as adjunct to medicines used for pile complaints.

The flowers are used to increase semen in men.

The decoction of leaves is give in toothache and tender gums and also given for

enema and vaginal infection.

The flowers are applied to boils and ulsers and their powder is eaten in ghee for

blood vomiting and cough.

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 The roots are used as wash in eye diseases.

Its seven raw leaves are eaten for seven days to check diabetes.

Leaf –paste mixed with water is taken orally twice a day in stomach-ache

Leaves are used as poultice and their juice is given to children in spleen and liver

enlargement.
Area of collection: Bhota

Herbarium no.: 318

3. Botanical name: Acacia catechu (Linn.) Willd.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Khair

Vernacular names: English : Cutch tree, Hindi : Khair, Khaira, Kannada : Kalu;

Malayalam : Karinnali, Sanskrit : Khadirah; Tamil : Karunkali.

Habitat: It occur in drier reasons of Sub-Himalyan tract.

Description: It is a moderatery sized tree with throny branches. Leaves are pinnate

with a pair of recurved prickles at the base of rachis.and pinnae 40-80 ; leaflets are 60-

100 small and ligulate.Flowers are pale-yellow in axillary cylindrical spikes. The pods

are thin, dark brown .

Flowering period: In rainy season.

Part / Parts used: Bark and heartwood.

Medicinal uses:

The bark of plant is astringent and useful in passive diarrhea usually in

combination with cinnamon and opium .

The decoction of bark is given internally in leprosy.

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 The katha, obtained from heartwood of 20-30 years old tree is discrived as an

astringent, cooling and digestive and is used in relaxed condition of throat.

katha is also used in cough and diarrhea.

It is also applied externall on ulcers, boils and eruption of skins.

In cracked nipples and sores it is applied as compresseres.

Taking decoction of khair wood 10-15 gm of chhoped wood in five cups of water

boiled down to one cup-twice daily for four weeks , cures fever , cough or allergy

that afflicts parturient woman (a woman recently delivered of a child).

A powder of its resions exudates is dusted over woundes.

Panchang ointment is applied on ulcers.

The decotion of kheersal and chirayata is used in spleen enlargement during

chronic fever.

The decoction of panchang is given in leprosy.

Area of collection: Sorad

Herbarium no: 276

4. Botanical name: Acacia nilotica Brenan.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Kikker

Vernacular names: English : Arabic Gum, Hindi: Babool, Kikar, Telugu: Nalla

tumma, Malayalam: Karivelam , Gujarati: Babaria.

Description: It is a moderatery sized tree with a short trunk, spreading crown and

feathery foliage usuall with a hight of 15 m. Leaves are bipinnate with spinescent

stipules. It has darkish grey bark and yellow flowers.

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Flowering period: In rainy season.

Part/ parts used: Bark ,pods, leaves and gum.

Medicinal uses:

Its bark is used as astringent and demulcent.

The powder of its bark applied externally in ulcers .

The decoction of bark is used as a gargle in sore throat and in toothache.

The decoction of bark is also used in chronic dysentery and diarrhea as an

astringent.

The decoction of pods is beneficial in urinogenital diseases.

An infusion of its tender leaves is given as an astringent and remedy for dysentery

and diarrhea .

Its gum is descrived as an astringent and syptic and useful in dysentery, diarrhea

and diabetes mellitus.

The twigs of plant are used as a datun ( natural toothbrush) to strengthen the gums

and teeth.
Area of collection: Jhaniyari ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 471

5. Botanical name: Adhatoda vasica Linn.

Family : Acanthaceae

Local name: Saphed basooti

Vernacular names: English : Malabar nut ,Hindi : Dusa, Amsa Kannad :

Sannaadusage; Malyalam : Cheru adalotakam,

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Habitat :The plant grows in plains & in lower himalayan ranges upto 1000 m above

sea leve.
Description: It is a small evergreen, subherbacious bush. The Leaves are 10 to 16 cms

in length, minutely pubescent and broadly lanceolate. The inflorescence is dense, short
pedunculate, bractate and spike terminal. The corolla is large and white with lower lip

streaked purple. The fruit is a 4-seeded small capsule.

Flowering period: Winter

Part/parts used : Leaves, Whole Plant.

Medicinal uses :

The leaves are rich in vitamin C and carotene and yield an essential oil.

The shrub is the source of the drug, well known in indigenous systems of medicine
for its beneficial effects, particularly in bronchitis.

The leaves, flowers, fruits and roots are extensively used for treating cold, cough,

whooping cough, chronic bronchitis and asthma.

The roots, leaves and flowers and active principles of the plant possess a number of

pharmacological properties and are used in cough, chronic bronchitis, rheumatism,

asthma and bronchial asthma.

Fresh juice of leaves has been used in treatment of tuberculosis.

Its local use gives relief in pyorrhea and in bleeding gums.

Area of collection: Lalan da Tiyala

Herbarium no.: 77

6. Botanical name: Ageratum houstonianum Mill.

Family: Asteraceae

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Local name: Fulnu buti

Vernacular names: English: Goat weed, Hindi: Kanghi buti.

Habitat: It is a weed of gardens, roadsides, disturbed sites, waste areas, pastures,

crops, wetlands and riparian zones (banks of watercourses).

Description: An annual or biennial herbaceous plant growing 0.3-1 m tall. The leaves

are often opposite, and may be alternate in upper parts of the stem, almost triangular in

shape (obovate) to egg-shaped in outline with broad end at base (ovate). The flowers

are pale lavender to blue, pink or purplish in colour.

Flowering Period: Throughout the year.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, infloreescenc and stems.

Medicinal uses:

Leaf extracts is used against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex

quinquefasciatuS (Diptera: culicidae).

Leaves and stems are used for wound healing as antiseptic.

It exhibited protection among all skin allergies (Erythema, Edema, Vesicles and

Bullae) and possesses more potential in curing of different skin diseases as

compared to standard drugs like Polyfax and XyloAid.

Leaves and infloreescenc juice is used as antidote to snakebite.

Area of collection: Awah devi
Herbarium no.: 421

7. Botanial name: Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Sarihn

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Vernacular names: English : Siris tree; Hindi : Siris siris; Kannada : Begemara;

Malayalam : Nenmenivaka vaka; Sanskrit : Sirisah, Bhandi.

Habitat: It is generally grown on the boundary of fields.

Description:It is a tree growing to a height of 18–30 m tall with a trunk 50 cm to 1 m

in diameter. The leaves are bipinnate, with one to four pairs of pinnae, each pinna with

6–18 leaflets. The flowers are very fragrant. The fruit is a pod, containing six to

twelve seeds.
Flowering period: April – May.

Part/parts used: Leaves , seeds and bark.

Medicinal uses:

5-6 g Fresh leaves + 4-5 gof refined sugar (misree) are added to the 1 glass of

water and grinded in in clay pot and is taken three times a day to cure T.B

Fresh leaves are chewed in mouth and then extract of leaves from mouth is poured

in eyes after filteration with clean thin piece of cloth is used to cure reddishness of

eyes.

10-15 g Seeds along with their cover are grinded in clay pot with water and and

water is drink twice a day after filteration to cure boil (daany).

It has been reported that plant posess, anti-fertility and anti-diarrhoeal properties

activity and vary ingdegrees of toxicity.

It is used to cure Respiratory Tract Conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis

(commonly called hay fever) is an inflammation or irritation of the mucous

membranes that line the nose.

It is used as a tonic, and is used to treat abdominal tumors.

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 The bark is used medicinally to treat inflammation.

It is also psychoactive. In ancient, the flowers of the lebbeck decorated as a crown

were used to welcome victorious soldiers.

Area of collection: Bela

Herbarium no.: 131

8. Botanical name : Allamanda cathartica Linn.

Family: Apocynaceae

Local name: Saithani phool

Vernacular names: English: Allamanda, Golden trumpet; Hindi: Saithani phool,

Jahari, Zahari Sontakkaa; Malayalam: Kolambipoov, Kolampipoov.

Habitat: Cultivated as ornamental garden plant. Occasionally semi-established in

wild in thickets near dwellings or settlements.

Description: A woody, evergreen shrub grows up to 3 meters in height. The leathery

leaves are lanceolate, acute or acuminate, and may either be opposite or in whorls of

three or four. The yellow, trumpet-shaped flowers .

Flowering period: In winter

Part /parts used : Bark, leaves, roots and flowers.

Medicinal uses:

Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, inflammation, constipation, ascites and headache on

external application.

The distilled extract of the plant claims cure of malignancy, fungal and bacterial

diseases.

Milky sap is considered antibacterial, possibly anticancer.

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 The leaves, roots and flowers may be used in preparing a powerful cathartic, which

is used for colic.

Decoction of leaves in small doses used as antidote for poisoning.

Extract of leaves used for colic and as laxative; in large doses causes diarrhea and

vomiting.

Used for treating malaria and jaundice.

The latex is used as a purgative and employed for colic.

Area of collection: Badu.

Herbarium no.: 85
9. Botanical name: Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Family: Liliaceae

Local name: Kuarya

Vernacular names: English : Aloe vera ( Barbedolsaloes), Indian aloe; Hindi :

Ghritkumari, gwar-patha; Sanskrit: Kumari; Tamil: Kattalai; Telgu : Kalabanda ;

Malayalam: Kattuvala ; Marathi : Korafad; Bangla : Kumari; Gujarti : Kunwar.

Habitat: It flourishes in warm and dry climates

Description: It is a stem less or very short-stemmed plant growing to 80-100 cm tall,

spreading by offsets and root sprouts. The leaves are lanceolate, thick and fleshy,
green to grey-green, with a serrated margin. The flowers are produced on a spike.
Flowering period: May to June.

Part/parts used: Leaf juice

Medicinal uses:

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It is used for its healing properties, and both oral intake and topical dressings have

been documented to facilitate healing of any kind of skin wound, burn, or scald -

even speeding recovery time after surgery.

Situations to try it on include blisters, insect bites, rashes, sores, herpes, urticaria,

athlete's foot, fungus, vaginal infections, conjunctivitis, sties, allergic reactions, and

dry skin. The raw plant is best, but commercial preparations can also be used,

especially for taking orally, as this plant tastes horrible.

Other uses include acne, sunburn, frostbite (it appears to prevent decreased blood

flow), shingles, screening out x-ray radiation, psoriasis, preventing scarring,

rosacea, warts, wrinkles from aging, and eczema.

Internally, aloe is showing real promise in the fight against AIDS, and the virus has

become undetectable in some patients who used it on a regular basis, due to its

immune system stimulant properties. It also seems to help prevent opportunistic

infections in cases of HIV and AIDS.

It appears to be of help in cancer patients (including lung cancer) by activating the

white blood cells and promoting growth of non-cancerous cells.

Taken orally, aloe also appears to work on heartburn, arthritis and rheumatism pain

and asthma, and studies have shown that it has an effect on lowering blood sugar

levels in diabetics.

Other situations in which it appears to work when taken internally include

congestion, intestinal worms, indigestion, stomach ulcers, colitis, hemorrhoids,

liver problems such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, kidney infections, urinary tract

infections, prostate problems, and as a general detoxifier.

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 Many people who take aloe internally report just feeling better overall, which is in

and of itself something of a testament to its remarkable properties.

Area of collection: Dhaneta

Herbarium no.: 401

10. Botanical name: Alternanthera sessilis Linn.

Family: Amaranthaceae
Local name: Pattura

Vernacular names: English: Sessile joy weed, Sanskrit: Matsyaaksha, Matsyagandha,

Matsyakshi,; Hindi: Gudrisag.

Habitat: Include a variety of agricultural crops, gardens, disturbed areas and aquatic

systems.
Description: This is a perennial herb with prostrate stems, rarely ascending. Leaves

obovate to broadly elliptic. Flowers in sessile spikes, bract and bracteoles shiny white.

Flowering period : December till March.

Part/ Parts used: Whole plant

Medicinal uses:

It is diuretic, tonic and cooling. Juice of this plant, deemed beneficial to eyes, is an

ingredient in the making of medicinal hair oils and Kajal (kohl).

The whole plant is used to treat wounds ,cough, bronchitis and diabetes.

It is used to treat night blindness.

A poultice of herb is reportedly used to promote the healing of boils.

The fresh and immature shoots and leaves are considered useful in relieving

indigestion and are used as cooked vegetable or as soup.

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 To cure inflamed wounds the roots are applied externally.

An extract of root is crushed with the bark of Alstonia scholaris,is taken with cow

milk for the treatment of spermatorrhoea.

Area of collection: Kotla.

Herbarium no.: 302

11. Botanical name: Althaea officinalis Linn.

Family: Malvaceae

Local name : Khatmi

Vernacular names: English: Marsh Mallow;Hindi: Khatmi; Kashmiri : Saze Posh.

Habitat: It is found on marshy land.

Description: It is a perennial growing to 1.2 m ,putting out only a few lateral

branches. The leaves, shortly petioled, are roundish, ovate-cordate irregularly toothed

at the margin, and thick., The flowers are hermaphrodite.

Flowering period: From Jul to September.

Part/ parts used: The whole plant and roots.

Medicinal uses:

It is a very useful household medicinal herb. Its soothing demulcent properties

make it very effective in treating inflammations and irritations of the mucous

membranes such as the alimentary canal, the urinary and the respiratory organs.

The root counters excess stomach acid, peptic ulceration and gastritis. It is also

applied externally to bruises, sprains, aching muscles, insect bites, skin

inflammations, splinters etc.

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 The whole plant, but especially the root, is antitussive, demulcent, diuretic, highly

emollient, slightly laxative and odontalgic.

An infusion of the leaves is used to treat cystitis and frequent urination.

The leaves are harvested in August when the plant is just coming into flower and

can be dried for later use.

The root can be used in an ointment for treating boils and abscesses.

It is also used for irritation of mouth and throat and associated dry cough/bronchitis

(Root and leaf), mild stomach lining inflammation (root).

Area of collection: Mundkher

Herbarium no.: 259

12. Botanical name: Amaranthus viridis Linn.

Family: Amaranthaceae

Local name: Calalu

Vernacular names: English: Green Amaranth, pigweed; Hindi: Jungali chaulayi;

Konkani: Ranbhaji ; Malayalam: kuppacheera ; Marathi: Math, Unadabhaji ;

Sanskrit: Tanduliya; Tamil: Kuppai-k-kirai ; Telugu: Chilaka-thotakoora .

Habitat: A weed of waste ground and roadsides but the original habitat is obscure[

Description: Terrestrial, annual, erect or somewhat prostrate herb, up to 80 cm tall.

Leaves simple, not lobed or divided, opposite, stalked, ovate, glabrous on bot sides,

margin entire, apex acute, rounded or emarginated, base acute, rounded or truncate,

pinnately veined. Flowers, grouped in a terminal spike, sessile. Fruit nut-like.

Flowering period: Jul to September,

Part /Parts used : Whole plant.

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Medicinal uses:

A decoction of the entire plant is used to stop dysentery and inflammation.

The plant is emollient and vermifuge.The root juice is used to treat inflammation

during urination.

It is also taken to treat constipation.

Used in mixtures with other medicinal plants, to treat hepatitis, tight chest,

bronchitis, asthma, and lung troubles, to stop bleeding and as a hair tonic.

It is used locally in against dysentery, as a cholagogue, abortifacient and to treat

snake bite, in flamed wounds and boils

Area of collection: Bhota

Herbarium no.:130

13. Botanical name: Ammannia baccifera Linn.

Family: Lythraceae

Local name: Dadarbooti

Vernacular names: English: Blistering Ammannia; Hindi: Aginbuti, Ban mirich,

Dadmari, ; Marathi: Aginbuti, Tamil: kal-l-uruvi ; Malayalam: kallur vanchi,

nirumelneruppu ; Kannada: kaadugida ; Bengali: Banmarich ; Konkani: dadmaria ;

Sanskrit: Agnigarbha, brahmasoma.

Habitat: Found in open, damp, waste places.

Discription: It is an erect, annual herb. It is more or less purplish herb 10-50 cm in

height, with somewhat 4-angled stems. The leaves are narrow-oblong, oblance shaped.

The flowers are small, greenish or purplish. The capsules are nearly spherical,

depressed. The seeds are black.

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Flowering period : Through out the year.

Part / Parts used: Whole plant and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves or the ashes of the plant, mixed with oil, are applied to cure herpetic

eruptions.

The fresh, bruised leaves have been used in skin diseases as a rubefacient and as an

external remedy for ringworm and parasitic skin affection.

The leaf extract is used in wound healing activities.

Plant dried or fresh is administered in decoction with ginger and Cypers root for

intermittent fever.

Also used for urinary calculi.

It is effective in reducing the formation of urinary stones and the dissolving

existing ones.

The leaf paste applied to swellings.

Used in place of catharides for blistering plaster.

Area of collection: Tiyala

Herbarium no.: 116

14. Botanical name : Andrographis paniculataWall. ex.Nees.

Family : Acanthaceae

Local name: Kalmegh.

Vernacular names: English: Creat ; Hindi: Kalmegh, Kiryat, Mahatit; Gujrati:

Kiriyata, Olikiriyat; Marathi: Olen Kirayat; Canarese: Nelabevu gida; Sanskrit:

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Bhuinimb, Kirata, Mahateet; Malyalam: Nilaveppu, Kiriyatta,; Telugu: Nela Vemu;

Tamil: Nilavempui.
Habitat: Grows well in moist and shaded places, but it prefers sunny situations.

Description: It is an erect and branched annual herb with 4 angled branches, growing

to a height of 30 - 110 cm.Flowers: Small, white, with rose-purple spots on the petals,

terminal racemes or panicle, Stem: Dark green, branched, Leaves:glabrous (smooth),

broad, lanceolate, pinnate, Seeds: Numerous, yellowish brown.

Flowering period: October-January.

Part /parts used : Whole Plant, mainly underground stem and leaves

Medicinal uses:

It is taken as samoolam, decoction is prepared with this and used in treatment of

vatha diseases, fever, liver diseases etc.

Liver disorders in children can be treated by giving the juice of the samoolam of

this plant along with equal quantity of honey.

Kalmegh, Kadugurohini and Adathodai are taken in equal quantity and decoction

prepared from this can be given in dose of 10-30 ml in all types of fever.

Kalmegh, Ramacham and Karuka patta are taken in equal amount, made into

decoction and given in dose of 15-30 ml for all fevers, cough and common cold.

It is an ultimate drug for even fevers like chikunguniya. It is also and excellent

Blood purifier. Hence it is advisable to consume the decoction of this plant or the

juice of the samoolam or the whole plant in this condition.

In the disease like Rhematoid arthritis the fresh or dried powder of this plant is

used as decoction and given.

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 The decoction of this plant is used in treatment and prevention of Swine flu.

Kalmegh herb is used as a blood purifier. Hence, it is used for treatment of various

liver disorders like dyspepsia, jaundice, torbid liver, febrifuge, dermatological

diseases and it is also an anthelmintic. It also prevents clotting of blood.

The herb is used to eradicate body heat and remove toxins from the body.

The herb is an excellent pain reliever as it has anti-inflammatory properties. It is

also used to bring down the body temperatures.

It is also beneficial in fighting against cancer and also used to cure diabetes

mellitus.

It is also used to get relief from sinusitis, flu, cough, bronchitis and upper

respiratory tract infections.

It also improves the immunity of the body.

Area of collection:Kusiyar

Herbarium no.:91

15. Botanical name: Antirrhinum majus L. Jose Hernandez.

Family: Scrophulariaceae
Local name: Snapdragon

Vernacular names: English: Common snapdragon.

Habitat: Cultivated beds.

Description: It is an herbaceous perennial plant, growing to 0.5-1 m tall, rarely up to

2 m. The leaves are spirally arranged, broadly lanceolate. The flowers are produced on

a tall spike, pink to purple flowers, often with yellow lips. The fruit is an ovoid

capsulecontaining numerous small seeds.

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Flowering period: July to September.

Part/parts used: Leaves and flowers.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves and flowers have been employed in poultices on tumours.

It is effective in the treatment of all kinds of inflammation and is also used on

haemorrhoids.

Preparations made from leaves and flowers are used to reduce fever.

In a poultice, it be applied to the body surface to treat burns and infections.

It is also diuretic.
Area of collection: Toni devi.

Herbarium no.: 247

16. Botanical name : Argemone mexicana Linn.

Family: Papaveraceae.

Local name: Satyanashi

Vernacular names: English: Mexican prickly poppy; Hindi: Shialkanta, Satyanashi;

Gujrati: Darudi; Danarese: Balurakkisa, Datturi, Pirangi, datturi; Marathi: Daruri,

dhotara.; Sanskrit: Brahmadandi, Svarnakshiri.; Malyalam: Ponnummattui; Tamil:

Kutiyotti, Ponnummuttai; Telugu: Brahmadandicettu.

Habitat: In India it is introducd and naturalised and occur as wasteland weed in

almost every part of India. In many parts it is repoorted as crop weed also.
Description: The prickly annual is much branched, about 1 meter in height, with

yellow lates. The leaves are simple, sessile, variegated with white and veins white.

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The flowers are large and bright yellow in color. The fruits, prickly capsules. The

seeds numerous and black in colour.

Flowering period: All round the year.

Part /parts used: Roots, leaves, seeds and yellow juice.

Medicinal uses:

It cures some drastic diseases like lepsory, skin-diseases, inflammations and bilious

fevers etc.

Roots of this plant are anthelmintic.

Yellow Juice is used to cure ophthalmia and opacity of cornea.

Seeds have the properties of purgative and sedative.

Svarnakshiri churna and tail are very much popular Ayurvedic Formulations.

Use of entire plant in both the forms fresh and dry is beneficial in relieving kidney

pain.

The whole biomass of satyanashi is useful to help expel a torn placenta, and in

general to help cleanse the body after parturition.

It has a useful features in traditional cure to treat malaria.

The seed-pods secrete a latex substance having berberine and protopine, is used

medicinally as a sedative.

The fresh yellow, milky, acrid sap contains protein-dissolving substances and has

been used in the treatment of warts, cold sores, cutaneous affections, skin diseases,

itches etc.

The root is alterative and has been used in the treatment of chronic skin diseases.

The flowers are expectorant and have been used in the treatment of coughs.

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Area of collection: Kunah khad.

Herbarium no.: 426

17. Botanical name: Avena sativa Linn.

Family: Poaceae
Local name: Jai

Vernacular names: German : Hafer; Biwen Hindi : Jai, Jayee, Gandal, Ganer ;

Kashmiri: Javi.
Habitat: Oat is native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Description: Oat is an erect, annual, herbaceous plant. It has a straw-like stem and

very elongated, flat rough leaves. Seeds are gold, elongated and spindle-shaped.
Flowering period: December to April.

Part /Parts used: Seed and stalk.

Medicinal use:

Traditionally, oat was used as nerve tonic-in cases of nervous exhaustion,

depression, insomnia.

Herbal tea made from the Oat stalks is beneficial remedy in treatment of

osteoporosis and high blood pressure.

Due to its calming and sedating effect, Oat has been very helpful in cases of

depression, nervous exhaustion and menopausal symptoms. It can be used to help

calm hyperactive children, fight anxiety and panic attacks.

It is said that green oat can help lower the craving for cigarettes. Wild Oat is used

as a natural aphrodisiac, increasing the excitability of muscles.

Used externally, Oat can be useful in treatment of eczema, acne and dry skin.

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Area of collection: Dhaneta.

Herbarium no.:42

18. Botanical name: Baliospermum montanum ( Willd.) Muell.-Arg.

Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local name: Danti

Vernacular names: Hindi: danti, jangli jamalgho; Kannada: kaadu haralu;

Malayalam : niratimuttu; Marathi : buktumbo; Oriya : dumajoda; Persian : bedanjire

khatai; Sanskrit: udumbaraparni, upakulya; Tamil : kattamanakku; Telugu :

ettadundig.
Habitat: It is found at medium altitude areas.

Description: It is a leafy stout shrub about 1-2 m in height. Leaves are sinuate-

toothed; large, oblong-ovate or rounded. Flowres are borne in axillary recemes.The

capsule are ovoide, usually hairy. The seeds are oblong, mottled .
Flowering period : Almost throught the year; chiefly during March- May.

Part/ Parts Used: The leaves, seeds and roots .

Medicinal uses:

The roots are anthelmintic, alexiteric, diuretic and purgative and these are used in

skin diseases, wounds, piles, spleen enlargement, inflammation, anaemia,

leucoderma and jaundice.

An oil obtained from seeds,is applied externally in rheumatism.

The leaves are found to be good for asthma and bronchitis.

The seeds are also reported as purgative, stimulant, rubefacient, laxative, as

antidote in snake bite, and in constipation.

40
 The leaves of danti for the treatment of asthma, and in headache.

Decoction of stem is used to get relief from toothache.

Its seeds are used as substitute of jamal ghota (Croton tiglium).

The roots of the plant are practiced as laxative, in dropsy, jaundice, anasarca, in

rheumatism, anemia, and also in the treatment of jaundice, skin diseases,

helminthic infections, leucoderma and piles.

Area of collection: kangoo

Herbarium no.: 41

19. Botanical name: Barleria cristata Linn.

Family: Acanthaceae
Local name: Sairyak

Vernacular names: English: Crested Philippine violet; Hindi: Vajra danti ;

Assamese: Jhinili ; Tamil: Semmulli Telugu: Tellanilambari ; Bengali: Janti ; Oriya:

Koilekha.
Habitat: Widely cultivated ornamental hedge plant.

Description: It is an erect, unarmed, branched ornamental shrub, 1 to 3 meters high..

Leaves are oblong to elliptic, pointed at the tip and somewhat hairy beneath. Flowers

are borne singly or in pairs, and terminal or in the upper axils of the leaves.
Flowering period: Through out the year.
Part / Parts used: Roots, leaves, seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Seeds used as antidote for snake bites.

Roots and leaves used to reduce swellings.

41
 Infusion of roots and leaves used for coughs.

Used for toothaches, anemia and inflammatory disorders.

Area of collection: Bank of Kunah khad.
Herbarium no.: 356

20. Botanical name: Basella rubra Linn.

Family : Basellaceae

Local name: Alugbati

Vernacular names: English: Indian spinach; Hindi : Poi, Safed bachla; Malayalam :

Vasalacheera.
Habitat: Found in settled areas, in hedges, old cultivated areas, etc.

Description: It is a succulent, branched, smooth, twining herbaceous vine, several

meters in length. Stems are purplish or green. Leaves are somewhat fleshy, ovate or

heart-shaped stalked, tapering to a pointed tip with a cordate base. Flowers are pink.

Fruit is fleshy, stalkless, ovoid and purple when mature.

Flowering period: It flowers at different time of the year depending upon area.

Part/ parts used: Roots and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

Roots are employed as rubefacient.

Poultice of leaves used to reduce local swelling.

Sap is applied to acne eruptions to reduce inflammation.

Decoction of leaves used for its mild laxative effects.

Pulped leaves applied to boils and ulcers to hasten suppuration.

Sugared juice of leaves useful for catarrhal afflictions in children.

42
 Leaf-juice, mixed with butter, is soothing and cooling when applied to burns and

scalds.

Mucilaginous liquid obtained from the leaves and tender stalks used for habitual

headaches.

It is used for hemorrhages, skin diseases, sexual weakness, ulcers and as laxative in

children and pregnant women.

It is used for fertility enhancement in women.

Leaves are considered good maturative as cataplasm.

Fruit used by women as rouge for cheeks and lips.

Area of collection: Jolsapar

Herbarium no.: 462

21. Botanical name: Bauhinia vahlii Wright and Arn.

Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Torr

Vernacular names: English: Camel's foot climber; Assamese: Nak kati lewa ;

Bengali: Chehur lata, Shimool ; Hindi: Malu, Jallaur, Jallur, Mahul; Kannada:

Chambolli; Malayalam: Mottanvalli ; Marathi: Chambuli ; Nepali: Bhorla ; Sanskrit:

Asmantaka, Malanjhana ; Tamil: Mandarai,; Telugu: Madapu.

Habitat: It is found in sub-Himalayan tract.

Description: It is a large climber with densely pubescent branchlets and copius

circinate tendrils.Stem may be 30 m long. Leaves are broader than long. Flowers are
white. Pods are pendulous and flat.

Flowering Period: In April - June.

43
Part / Parts Used: Bark , pods, leaves, gum, seeds and roots .

Medicinal uses:

The leaves of the plant are demulcent and mucilaginous and are used in malaria.

Seeds are used as tonic and aphrodisiac.

Bark is astringent and used in dysentery.

Roots are used as demulcent.

The root fibres and leaves are very useful in malaria.

One teaspoonful of its aqueous extract of its roots is given thrice a day orally for

the treatment of syphilis for three days.

Area of collection: Charada.

Herbarium no.: 377

22. Botanical name: Bauhinia variegata Linn.

Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Karal

Vernacular names: English: camel's foot; Hindi : gurial, gwiar, kachnar, koliar,

kural, padrian; Malay : akbar tapak ; Nepali: kachnar, koiralo; Spanish : flamboyán

orquídea, palo de orquídeas;Tamil: chemmonadarei, segapumanchorii.

Habitat: It is found along sub-Himalyan tract.

Description: It is a medium sized deciduous tree.The leaves are 1- foliate , 2-lobed,

not deeply cleft,rigidly subcoriaceous and deeply cordate.

Flowering period: In November –December.

Part /Parts used: Bark , flowers and roots .

Medicinal uses:

44
 The flowers and dried buds of the plants are anthelmintic and are used in diarrohea,

piles and dysentery.

The bark is tonic,astringentand anthelminticand an emulsion of powder of its bark

with rice water mixed with ginger is used in scrofula and cutanious affections.

The decoction of its root bark is carminative and used in dyspepsia and flatulence.

Its flowers with sugar are used a gentle laxative.

Administering paste of 4-5 flower buds, once daily, since 5to7 days before

expected date of beginning of menstrual discharge, cures excessive bleeding

through menstruation and regulizes the flow.This medication benefits both young
woman as well as those approaching menopause. Fresh flower buds as well as

dried benefits equally.

The decoction of its bark is used in diarrohea.

The roots are used as antifungal remedy.

Area of collection: Jaral

Herbarium no.: 412

23. Botanical name: Boerhavia repens Linn.

Family: Nyctaginaceae

Local name : Untchata

Vernacular names: English : Red hogweed, Tar Vine, Red Spiderling, Wineflower;

Hindi: Punarnava, Satha; Kannada : Adakaputtana gida.

Habitat: Especially common in regions with a distinct dry season.

45
Description: Much- branched spreading prostrate annual herb, often mat-forming.

Leaves ovate to lanceolate, almost hairless, glandular. Flowers usually in clusters of

2-6, white, pink or mauve. Fruits 3-4 mm long, clavate to fusiform.

Flowering period: Almost through out the year.

Part /parts used : Whole plant and roots.

Medicinal uses:

Decoctions of the roots and leaves are taken in moderate doses to cure asthma, and

in larger doses as an emetic, diuretic and laxative and to cure leprosy and syphilis.

The roots are boiled and applied as a poultice to cure ulcers, including those

resulting from Guinea worm infections, while ground roots are applied to yaws.

The ground roots mixed with ground seeds of Blighia sapida, K.D.Koenig are

applied to the body to cure chicken pox.

An infusion of the whole plant is taken to cure convulsions and amenorrhoea.

An infusion as a mild laxative and febrifuge to children.

The pounded plant is applied externally against dropsy.

An infusion of the leaves is taken as an abortifacient, ecbolic and to cure jaundice,

and the whole plant is pulped for poulticing sprains.

Root decoction is taken as an aphrodisiac or to cure stomach-ache, while root sap is

used as eye drops to treat filaria infection.

Area of collection: Hamirpur.
Herbarium no.: 190

24. Botanical name: Borago officinalis Linn.

Family: Boraginaceae

46
Local name : Gaojaban

Vernacular names: Gujarati: Gaojaban ; Hindi: Gaojaban ; Kannada : Doddapatre ;

Kashmiri : Kah Zaban.

Habitat: Mostly on rubbish heaps and near dwellings, and may be regarded as a

garden escape.
Description: The whole plant is rough with white, stiff, prickly hairs. The round

stems, about 1 1/2 feet high, are branched, hollow and succulent; the leaves alternate,

large, wrinkled, deep green, oval and pointed. The flowers, which terminate the cells,

are bright blue and star-shaped. The fruit consists of four brownish-black nutlets.
Flowering period: It generally flowers in rainy season.

Part / Parts used: Whole plant and its leaves.

Medicinal uses:

It is used for fevers and pulmonary complaints. By virtue of its saline constituents,

it promotes the activity of the kidneys and for this reason is employed to carry off

feverish catarrhs. Its demulcent qualities are due to the mucilage contained in the

whole plant.

For internal use, an infusion is made of 1 OZ of leaves and of boiling water, taken

in wineglassful doses.

Externally, it is employed as a poultice for inflammatory swellings of arthritis.

The flowers, candied and made into a conserve, were deemed useful for persons

weakened by long sickness, and for those subject to swooning.

The distilled water was considered as effective and also valuable to cure

inflammation of the eyes.

47
 The juice in syrup was thought not only to be good in fevers, but to be a remedy for

jaundice, itch and ringworm.

The ashes there of boiled in mead or honeyed water, is available in inflammation

and ulcers in the mouth or throat, as a gargle.

It has also been used for symptoms of menopausal disorders.

Area of collection: Julah bal

Herbarium no.: 240

25. Botanical name: Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Hert. ex Vent.

Family: Moraceae

Local name: Toot.

Vernacular names: English: Paper Mulberry ; Hindi: Jangli toot ; Kannada: kaagda,

kaagada uppu naerale.

Habitat : It is sparingly naturalized and persists after cultivation along water courses

(streams, etc.) .
Description: It is a large shrub or small tree with a mounded appearance, capable of

growth over 30 feet in height. Smaller leaves tend to be simpler, ovate in shape with

pointed tips and serrate margins. Larger leaves tend to be cordate or mitten shaped,

some deeply lobed, with three large or sometimes two smaller lobes near the base of

the leaf.
Flowering period: It flowers during autmn.

Part/ parts used: Bark, leaf.

Medicinal uses:

48
 The leaf juice is diaphoretic and laxative - it is also used in the treatment of and is

also poulticed onto various skin disorders, bites etc.

The stem bark is haemostatic and that the fruit is diuretic, ophthalmic, stimulant,

stomachic and tonic.

The root is cooked with other foods as a galactogogue.

The bark is decocted for ascites and is used to reduce swelling or oedema and used

for abdominal distension. The juice is used in anuria.

The slimy sap of paper mulberry is a mild laxative. Thrush, a mouth disease, is said

to be improved when the ash from the burned beaten sheet made from the bark is
applied to the mouth.

Using the latex, which is said to be useful externally for neurodermatitis, tinea

infection, eczema, bee sting, insect bites, and is also used as a vulnerary.

The leaves are employed for blood in sputum, vomiting blood, uterine bleeding,

excess menstrual bleeding, bleeding wounds and for a bleeding stomach.

The leaves are also said to be astringent in "fluxes" and gonorrhoea and are also

used for dysentery, and enteritis.

The sap is reported to remove pus.

Area of collection : Bank of Suker khad.

Herbarium no.: 101

26. Botanical name: Buddleia asiatica Lour.

Family : Locaniaceae

Local name: Malasambung

Vernacular names: English: Butterfly bush.

49
Habitat: In thickets and recently cleared places at medium altitudes.

Description: It is an erect, branched shrub growing 1 to 2 meters high. Leaves are

lanceolate, 5 to 15 centimeters long, pointed at the base, tapering to a sharp and

pointed tip, and toothed at the margins. Flowers are white. Fruit is a reflexed capsule,
oblong, and about as long as the flower.
Flowering period: It flowers during winter.

Part/Parts used : Roots, leaves.

Medicinal uses :

The plant used to induce abortion.

Also used for various skin diseases.

Used as cure for weight loss.

It is also used as contraceptive.

Paste of roots mixed with rice water used as tonic.

Roots and leaves used to treat tumor-like growths.

Concentrated infusion of roots used to treat malaria.

Area of collection: Kusiar
Herbarium no.: 414

27. Botanical name: Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Plah

Vernacular names: English: Flame of the forest; Sanskrit: Palasha; Assam : Polah ;

Bengal : Kinka ; Bihar : Paras ; Bombay : Khakara; Hindi : Palashah Beej.

Habitat: Generally found in thick forests and arid parts.

50
Description: It is a moderate sized deciduous tree ,upto a hight of 15 m. The bark is

fibrous, bluish-grey or light brown and excuding a ruby red vitreous gum.The

leaves are pinnately 3- foliate , large and unequal. The flowers are orange red and are

fasicled on the rigid terminal and axillary recemes.

Flowering period: In February-March .

Part / parts used: The seeds, flowers , bark , leaves and roots .

Medicinal uses:

Its seeds are anthelmintic, acrid,bitter, aperient and rubifacient and are used in

flatulence and piles.

The decoction of its seeds is given in gravel .

The paste of powerded seeds with lemon juice is applied in herpes and as a cure of

ring worms and also for cooling effect.

The fine powder of seeds along with Cyperus rotundus rhizome is used as a cure

for delirium.

Flowers are diuretic, astrindent and aphrodisiac and are used emmenagogue and as

a poultice in orchitis and to reduce swelling in sprains.

A lotion is prepared after distilling its flowers is used for some eye diseases.

The decoction of its bark is cold , cough, fever and menstrual disorders.

Fresh gum is applied on ulcers and septic soar throatand its infusion is used as local

application in leucorrhea.

The leaves of the plant are diuretic and aphrodisiac and are used to cure pimples,

boils, tumers and haemorrhage.

The roots are used in night blindness and cause temporary sterlity in women.

51
 Its wormed and dried flowers are tied over abdomen and swellings of testicles.

Seeds are used as antidote for snake-bite and with lime juice to remove dhoby’s

itches.

The boiled flowers are tied over abdomen in pain and swelling of kidney and

relieve urine.

Roots rubbed with water are dropped in nostrils in epilepsy fits.

The infusion of fresh gum is used as local application in leucorrhea.

Area of collection: Dusarka

Herbarium no.: 188

28. Botanical name : Calotropis gigantea (L.)Ait.F.

Family : Asclepiadaceae

Local name: Ak

Vernacular names: English: Gigantic swallow root; Sanskrit : Arkah; Hindi: Madar.

Habitat: It is found in dry, sandy and warm climate.

Description: It is a shrub of height 8-10 feet.Leaves are sessile and oppositely

arranged. Flowers are white to purple, rarely light green yellow or white. Flowers not

scented. Fruits are follicles recurved, 2 or 1 follictes, second more often suppressed, 3-

4" long.
Flowering period: It generally flowers through out the year.

Part/ parts used: root, leaf, flowers, latex

Medicinal uses :

52
 For poisonous snake bites, 2 to 4 leaves of this plant is chewed well by the patient.

Also fresh root of this plant are crushed well and applied well by rubbing firmly

over the bitten area.

The leaf juice 5ml with equal quantity of honey is given for frequently occuring

fever or periodic fever.

For aphthous ulcers the latex of this plant is mixed with honey and applied over the

affected area.

The leaves are used as a very effective remedy as kizhi or ottradam (fomentation)

for vatha diseases.

The leaf juice along with honey is given internally for intestinal worms.

The leaves are dried well and powdered and externally applied for unhealing

ulcers.

The flowers of this plant (one or two part), pepper (one part), clove or

athimathuram (1/2 part ) is ground well and given in the dose of pepper size for

bronchial asthma.

The latex is externally applied over rat bite, swellings, gonococcal arthritis, and

other rheumatic complaints.

The latex is externally applied over dental problems.

The Arakkashara thylam prepared from the latex is a best medicine for any vatha

complaints.
Area of collection : Man khad.

Herbarium no.: 135

29. Botanical name: Calotropis procera R. BR.

53
Family : Asclepiadaceae

Local name: Ak

Vernacular names: Hindi: Ag, Ak, Akada, Madar, Safed-ak, Safedak, Mudar, Aak,

Akaro, Akh, Dudla.

Habitat: It grows especially in dry waste lands.

Description: It is a shrub reaching 3-5 metres in height, with thick twisted branches.

The leaves are large, opposite, spreading, decussate, whitish green in colour. The

flowers are rather large, beautiful lilac or purple tinged, arranged in umbellate

corymbs on erect cylindrical stout peduncles. The fruits are short, stout peduncles.
Flowering period: It generally flowers through out the year.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, Flowers, root bark.

Medicinal uses:

A poultice of the leaves is applied for rheumatism, filariasis, wounds, glandular

swellings, eczema, pigmentation and other skin inflammations.

The latex acts as a purgative, used in treating ascites of kapha type and

hepatosplenomegaly ascites.

The flowers and root bark decoction taken for treating blood impurity, filariasis,

syphilis, asthma, cough.

When Calotropis procera is dried, it can be used internally as a tonic, antihelmintic

and an expectorant.

The dried and powdered root is chiefly administered for bronchitis, asthma,

leprosy, eczema and elephantiasis.

54
 The latex is used in treating vertigo, baldness, hair fall, tooth aches, intermittent

fevers, rheumatism and paralysis.

Leaves are heated in the oil which is applied externally in treating joint pain and

swellings.

The pungent latex from the leaves and flowers acts as an eye tonic.

The whole plant alcoholic extract induces spermicidal and anti-microbial activities,

simulates estrogens in the reproductive tract, and acts as anti-fertility.

Area of collection: Man khad.

Herbarium no.: 206

30. Botanical name: Cannabis sativa Linn.

Family: Cannabaceae

Local name: Bhang

Vernacular names: English: Marijuana, Hemp, Gallow grass ; Hindi: Ganja ; Tamil:

Bangi; Malayalam: Kanchavu ; Telugu: Ganjari-Chettu ; Bengali: Jia.

Habitat: May be found in abandoned fields, which were previously cultivated for

fiber.
Description: It is herbaceous annual plant, can reach up to a height of 4 meters and

has a very stiff and fibrous stem. Each leaf palmate is divided into 5 to 7 toothed
leaflets. The flower parts are not easily detectable to the human eye.
Flowering period: It flowers in summer.

Part/ parts used: Seeds , leaves and whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

55
 The seed, either as a paste or as an unguent, is said to be a folk remedy for tumors

and cancerous ulcers.

The decoction of the root is said help remedy hard tumors and knots in the joints.

The leaf, prepared in various manners, is said to alleviate cancerous sores,

scirrhous tumors, cold tumors, and white tumors.

The plant is also used for mammary tumors and corns.

Seeds grind and mixed with porridge given to weaning children.

Area of collection: Dhaneta

Herbarium no.: 336

31. Botanical name: Capparis zeylanica Linn.

Family: Capparidaceae

Local name: Aradanda

Vernacular names: English: Ceylon Caper ; Irula: Kaatu thotti; Tamil : Suduthoratti,

Morandan; Hindi : Ardanda.

Habitat: On waste lands, road sides hedges and moist places.

Description:A rigid, climbing much-branched shrub. Leaves are elliptic, oblong,

obtuse, acute or retuse; stipular spines hooked. Flowers supra-axillary, solitary or 2-3,

one above the other in a vertical line, the upper the longest. Fruit subglobose.
Flowering period: In March.

Part/ parts used: Root bark, leaves, flowers.

Medicinal uses :

Root bark along with spirit given in cholera.

56
 Leaves are used as a counter irritant and as a cataplasm in boils, swellings, piles

andrheumatism.

Flowers are used as laxative

Decoction of root-bark used for vomiting and for improving the appetite.

Leaves also used to improve the appetite.

Area of collection: Pakka paro

Herbarium no.: 177

32. Botanical name: Capsicum annum Linn.

Family: Solanaceae

Local name: Lalmirchan

Vernacular names: Hindi: Lal mirch; Gujarati: Marcha; Kannada: Mensina kai;

Malayalam: Mulaku; Marathi : Mirchi; Oriya: Lanka; Punjabi: Lalmirch; Tamil :

Milagay; Telugu: Mirapa kaya; Urdu: Lalmirch.

Habitat: Widely it is cultivated.
Description: A small annual shrub grows up to 1 meter in height. Leaves simple,

opposite, acuminate, entire, wavy margins; flowers small, white or violet colored,

in axillary clusters. Fruits long, ovoid, cylindrical, green, and become red when

ripe, containing many compressed yellowish white seeds.

Flowering period: It mostly flower in rainy season.
Part / Parts used : Fruits

Medicinal use:

57
 It possesses a constituent called Capsaicin and properties such as stomachic,

carminative, stimulant,antispasmodic, analgesic, alterative, astringent, hemostatic,

and antiseptic.

It is also rich in Vitamins A. C. and B complex, and organic calcium and potassium

as minerals.

It is widely suggested as a heart stimulant and for its substantial antigenotoxic and

anticarcinogenic effects, and as an important dietary phytochemical with potential

chemopreventive activity.

It has a strong effect upon the circulatory system, initially acting upon the heart and

large arteries, followed by a stimulatory action upon the arterioles and the
capillaries.

It is also good for entire digestive and other systems of the body and it increases

the effectiveness of other herbs when used with them.

Capsaicin depletes substance P in afferent type C sensory nerve fibers and treats

pains without affecting the other aspects of the nervous system.

Area of collection: Jascot

Herbarium no.: 442

33. Botanical name: Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.

Family : Sapindaceae

Local name : Dofla

Vernacular names: Sanskrit : Kankadani, Sharngesta; English: Balloon vine;

Kannada. Agniballi; Hindi: Kanphata.

Habitats: Moist thickets and waste grounds.

58
Description: It is a perennial creeper; at its base, the plant’s stem is only

approximately 3 mm thick, but it can reach a height of up to 2 metres. The stem forms

internodes. The oval or lanceate leaves have a deeply serrated or lobated edgeThe

tiny radiate flowers are white

Flowering period: July to August.

Part/ parts used: Whole plant and its roots and leaves.

Medicinal uses :

The oil prepared from the leaves acts as a very effective external application for

arthritis and other painful conditions of the body.

2 to 3 drops of juice of the leaves can be used as a ear drops for ear ache, purulent

discharge from ears.

The decoction prepared from the roots can be given for haemorrhoids.

The leaves can be crushed well, ground and applied over the lower abdomen of the

delivered woman. This helps in expulsion of waste products out of the uterus.

The decoction prepared from the samoolam or whole plant can be given in the dose

of 20 to 30 ml for constipation and abdominal discomfort.

For Anda vatham or (hydrocele) the leaves can be applied as an external paste over

the scrotum.

For any inflammation, the leaves cooked in castor oil is ground and applied over

the affected areas.

For dandruff, the leaves are soaked in water and then crushed well. This water is

used in cleaning the hairs.

59
 The oil prepared from the paste of the leaves and gingilly oil can be used as a hair

tonic and cure for dandruff.

Area of collection: Seetla

Herbarium no.: 84

34. Botanical name : Carissa carandas Auct.

Family : Apocynaceae
Local name: Garnu

Vernacular names: Hindi : Karonda ; English : Karonda, Cranberry.

Habitat: Cultivated throughout India, also growing wild.

Description : An armed evergreen shrub grows up to 3 meters in height. Leaves

simple, opposite, ovate, base chordate, with prominent veins. Flowers in axillary

panicles, white and fragrant. Fruits ovoid, single seeded drupes, become black or red
when ripe. Thorns are axillary and sharp.

Flowering period: Winter

Part /Parts used: Roots, fruits and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

A concoction pounded with horse wine, lime juice and camphor, used as a remedy

for itches.

Decoction of leaves used at the commencement of remittent fevers.

Leaves used in diarrhea, earache, soreness of the mouth and throat, and syphilitic

pains.

Root paste used for diabetic ulcers. Used for acidity, flatulence, poor digestion.

60
 Juice of fresh plant used for wounds that refuse to heal. Used for scabies, intestinal

worms, pruritus, biliousness.

Stem bark used for obstinate skin diseases; the root for urinary disorders.

Plant parts used for treatment of epilepsy, malaria, fever, dysentery, and diabetes.

Unripe fruit used as astringent; ripe fruit useful for bilious complaints.

Ripe fruit also used as antiscorbutic.

Reported to be an anaphrodisiac, reducing women's libido.

Area of collection: Rangas

Herbarium no.: 128

35. Botanical name: Cassia auriculata Linn.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name : Senna

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Aavartaki, Aadari simbi; English: Tanners cassia,

Avaram; Kannada: Tangadi, Aavarike; Hindi :Tarwar.

Habitat: It occurs in the dry regions.

Description: It is a much branched shrub. The leaves are alternate, stipulate,

paripinnate compound, very numerous, closely placed, Its flowers are irregular,

bisexual, bright yellow and large. The fruit is a short legume, broad, oblong, obtuse.
Flowering period: Summer

Part/ parts used: Root, flowers leaves and bark.

Medicinal uses:

The root is used in decoctions against fevers, diabetes, diseases of urinary system

and constipation.

61
 The leaves have laxative properties.

The dried flowers and flower buds are used as a substitute for tea in case of

diabetes patients.

It is also believed to improve the complexion in women.

The powdered seed is also applied to the eye, in case of chronic purulent

conjunctivitis.
Area of collection : Bakhroon

Herbarium no. : 39

36. Botanical name: Cassia fistula Linn.

Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Ali

Vernacularnames:Hindi:Amaltas,sonalu;Sanskrit:Aragvadha,Rajvraksha;English:Pur

ging Cassia.
Habitat: It is grown as avenue tree.
Description: It is a moderate sized tree with greenish-grey bark.The leaves are

peripinate.Leaves are peripinnate; leaflets are 8-16 , acuminate and ovate-lanceolate.

The flowers are yellow in lax pendulous racemes and fragrent.

Flowering period: April-July.

Part / Parts Used: The pods , leaves , flowers and root bark .

Medicinal uses:

The extract of its pods and stem- bark is hypoglycaemic, antiviral and anticancer.

It is used to cure pimples, burns, syphilis and diarrhea.

62
 The pulp of its fruits is used as a tonic and in chest infection and with sugar is

taken in constipation ; also useful in heart diseases.

The paste of leaves is applied on ringworm lesions and after mixing with bark and

rubbed with oil are used efficaciously insect bites, eczema, scabies and psoriasis.

Snuffing juice of and appling its paste on swellings, cures scrofula characterized by

tuberculosis of cervical adenitis.

Applying poultice of pasted leaves on cuts and wounds, stops bleeding and cure

them.

Washing with decoction of sonalu leaves-25 gm of them in foyr cups of water

boiled down to two cups and decanted-cures wounds connected with syphilis.

Leaf juice in taken for purification of blood

A paste of some young leaves is kept inside the genitals of woman once daily to

cure amenorrhea for a week.

Taking 5 gm of ‘cassia pulp’ with half cup of hot water and half gm ajwain

powder, once daily, cures loss of appetite.

Taking ‘Cassia pulp’ dissolved in water or milk along with a bit of sugar, twice

daily for five days, cures bleeding from nose during spring.
Area of collection: Baloh.

Herbarium no.: 15

37. Botanical name: Cassia mimosoides Linn.

Family: Leguminosae

Local name: Patwa ghas.

Vernacular names: Sensitive Senna.

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Habitat: It is found in grassy grounds.

Description: Feather-leaved Cassia is an exceedingly variable, prostrate to erect

legume up to 1.5 m high, usually annual. Compound leaves are linear to linear-

oblong, more or less parallel- sided. Flowers are yellow. Pods linear to linear-
oblong,
Flowering period: It mostly flowers in winter.

Part/ Parts used: .The whole plant is used.

Medicinal uses:

Its root's extract is drunk for relief from coughs.

A powder made from its dried leaves is applied onto burns for treatment.

An extract from its fresh leaf is put into sore eyes for relief.

Its roots are used for relieving colic.

A paste made from pounding its aerial parts together with the leaves is smeared

onto fractures as a treatment or also from applying a paste made from mixing its

pounded aerial parts together with animal fat which may also be administered

orally, it also cleans the uterus of a pregnant woman and acts an anitbacterial drug

agent.

Juice extract from its leaves is put into ear wounds for treatment.

A moist mass (poultice) made from its leaves is smeared onto swellings for relief.

The whole plant is used for treating facial eruptions.

A juice made from soaking its peeled and pounded roots together with the roots of

the plant species Waltheria indica is drunk at least thrice a day for the treatment of

diarrhea.

64
 Both its dried young stems and its dried leaves are brewed into a beverage.

Area of collection: Mehre

Herbarium no.: 111

38. Botanical name: Cassia occidentalis Linn.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name : Relu

Vernacular names: English : Negro coffee, Stinking weed; Hindi : Kasaundi,

Barikasaundi; Malayalam: Ponnaveeram, Kasamarda, Ponnariveeram.

Habitat: It is found scattered along the himalyas.

Description: It is a diffuse undershrub or herb. The stem is angular, striated with

reddish purple and glabrous expect short gland-hairy young parts. The leaves are

peri pinnate with foetid smell. Peduncle is small bearing a few yellow flowers having
reddish rings. The pods are laterally compressed, and slightly appressed.

Flowering period: Through outt the year, chiefly during July-December.

Part / Parts used: The leaves, seeds and root.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves and seeds are used as purgative .

The roots are used as diuretic, purgative and antiperiodic.

The seeds and leaves are used externally in skin dieases.

Root juice is used in ring worm.

The leaves are pounded and made into paste which is applied to fresh wounds to

bring their healing .

The seeds are used externally in the treatment of scabies.

65
 The decoction of the plant is used as good diaphoretic.

Area of collection: Ladror

Herbarium no.: 12

39. Botanical name: Cassia tora Linn.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Chakvad

Vernacular names: English: Foetid cassia, The Sickle Senna, Wild Senna; Hindi:

Charota,Chakvad,Chakavat.
Habitat: It is found scattered on waste land.

Description: An annual foetid herb, with a height of 30 to 90 cm. It has pinnate

leaves, which are about 10 cm long. Each leaf has three pairs of leaflets that are

opposite, ovate, oblong and oblique at the base. The yellow-colored flowers are
bearded in the axel of the leaves.

Flowering period : Through out the year especially during July-December.

Part / Parts used: The seeds, leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves and the seeds are used in treating skin diseases like ringworm and

itching or body scratch and psoriasis.

The alcoholic or vinegar maceration of pounded fresh leaves is used externally to

treat eczema and dermatomycosis.

Decoction of the fruit is used in the treatment of fever.

Since the herb acts as a kapha and vata dosha suppressant, it acts as a nerve tonic.

It is consumed in worm infestation and cures the infection occurring in the body.

66
 It acts as a liver stimulant, mild laxative and heart tonic.

The herb helps the body in maintaining the normal level of cholesterol.

Its paste is used for treating skin ailments and also for getting rid of chronic

diseases.

Cassia tora proves worthwhile in treating piles and hemorrhoids as well as

relieving the pain caused on excretion.

Its powder proves useful in combating indigestion, toning up heart muscles and

purifying blood.

The juice extracted from its leaves is used in case of skin ailments, rashes and

allergies. It is also used as an antidote in case of various poisonings.

The leaves ad seeds are useful in leprosy, flatulence, colic, dyspepsia, constipation,

cough, bronchitis and cardiac disorders.

Plant pacifies vitiated tridosha, dandruff, constipation, cough, hepatitis, fever, and

hemorrhoids.

The decoction of the leaves is a laxative.

The root is used in snakebite.

The root powder is mixed with lemon juice to form a poultice which is

administered for ringworm.

Area of collection: Padroon.

Herbarium no.:405

40. Botanical name: Catharanthus roseus Linn.

Family: Apocynaceae
Local name: Sadabahar

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Vernacular names: Hindi: Sadabahar ; Malayalam: Shavam Naari ; Marathi:

Sadaphuli ; Bengali: Nayantara.

Habitat: Grown ornamentally.

Description: It is an erect, smooth or slightly hairy, simple or slightly branched plant,

30 to 50 centimeters high. Leaves are oblong, rounded at tip, pointed at base. Flowers

are white, pink, or red, or variegated white Fruit is a hairy and cylindric follicle.
Flowering period: It flowers through out the year.

Part /parts used: Leaves, whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

The decoction of leaves is used in diabetes.

Decoction of young leaves used for stomach cramps.

Root decoction for intestinal parasitism; as emmenagogue; may produce abortion.

Infusion of leaves used for treating menorrhagia.

Crude leaf extract has anticancer activity.

Recent use of roots for anticancer applications.

Roots used for dysentery.

The bitter and astringent leaves used as vomitive; roots used as purgative,

vermifuge, depurative, hemostatic and toothache remedy.

The juice of leaves used as application to wasp stings.

The infusion of leaves used for indigestion and dyspepsia.

Juice of leaves used for bee stings.

Flower extract used for eyewash in infants.

Flower decoction used for asthma.

68
Area of collection: Ghalol

Herbarium no.: 61

41. Botanical name: Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Family: Celastraceae

Local name: Sankheeru

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: jyotishmati; Hindi: Mal-kangani.

Habitat: It has been seen growing along the Himalayan mountainside and in other

high altitude environments.

Description: A large climbing shrub with woody stem and elongate brances. Leaves

simple, alternate, ovate – obovate, crenulate, coriaceous, flowers greenish white, in

terminal panicles. Fruits capsules yellow colored, become bright red when ripe,

contain 4 brown seeds.

Flowering period: Throughout the year

Part / Parts used: Root, Leaves, Seeds

Medicinal uses :

The oil of the Celastrus seed was used to treat physical weakness, mental

confusion, alleviate asthma symptoms, reduce headaches, and to cure joint pain and

arthritis.

It is also used to create a potent balm that they believed worked as a sexual

stimulant, much like modern phosphodiesterase inhibitors (i.e. sindenafil (Viagra),

tadalafil (Cialis), ect.

69
 A tonic of the seed oil is made, which they used to mitigate mental fatigue and

memory loss, as well as to boost memory recall, retention, and other thought

processes.

Anyone suffering from forgetfulness begins adding one seed to their diet daily, and

gradually increase their dosage up to 100 seeds per day. It is this ability to improve

mental function, memory recall and retention that has made this one of the choice

herbal supplements for those working to improve dream recall and to achieve lucid

dreams.

Dietary supplements like these usually combine Celastrus seed oil with other

effective herbal supplements like Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Gotu Kola (Centella
asiatica) and Gingko biloba.

Anticancer drugs like pristimerin, which is derived from the seeds of the Celastrus

plant, may be an effect means of treating certain types of cancers, or inhibiting the

growth of specific types of cancer cells.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar

Herbarium no.: 416

42. Botanical name: Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban

Family: Mackinlayaceae

Local name: Brahmi buti

Vernacular names: Sanskrit : Mandukaparni, Brahmi; Hindi : Brahmamanduki ,

Gotu kola; English :Indian Pennywort; Unani:Khulakudi; Bengali :Tholkuri;

Malayalam : Muttil; Gujarati: Karbrahmi; Tamil :Vallarai; Japanese :Tsubokura;

Tibetan: Sin-mnar.

70
Habitat: Grows in low wet areas.

Description: It is herbaceous, perennial plant. It has long-stalked, fan-shaped green

leaves, and very small, light purple to red flowers, born in an umbel from the stem

nodes. Fruits are also small, and oval in shape.

Flowering period: June through November.

Part / Parts used: Leaves, shoots.

Medicinal use:

It can help reduce swelling, repair connective tissues and improve circulation.

It increases keratinisation, and appears to be very helpful in wound healing,

treatment of bruises, sores and ulcers.

It is one of the most valuable herbs in Ayurvedic medicine, because it revitalizes

nerve and brain cells, increases memory and concentration,

It has an overall rejuvenating effect on our body. It enhances metabolic processes,

and is often referred to as an “elixir of life”.

Area of collection: Jol

Herbarium no.: 305

43. Botanical name: Centipeda minima (Linn.) A. Br. & Asch.

Family: Asteraceae

Local name: Nakchiknu

Vernacular names: English : Sneezewort, Sneezeweed; Gujarati : Chhikani,

Nakshikani ; Hindi : Kundush, Nakchikni, Newari; Marathi : Nakasinkani, Shikani ;

Sanskrit : Chikkana, Chikkni, Chikika; Urdu: Nakchikni.

Habitat: In open waste places, rice paddies, etc. at low and medium altitudes.

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Description: It is a prostrate or ascending, slender, leafy herb, somewhat wooly or

nearly smooth, with numerous branches spreading from the root. Leaves are oblong-

obovate to oblanceolate, and with few coarse teeth on the margins. Many floweres are

borne singly in the axils of the leaves.

Flowering period: In summer and autumn.

Part / Parts used: Entire plant.

Medicinal uses :

It is squeezed between the fingers and inhaled, clearing the head by provoking

sneezing.

Used for rheumatic lumbar and leg pains.

Powdered herb and minute seeds used as sternutatory.

Infusion of plant used for purulent ophthalmia.

Used as hot and dry medicine for paralysis, joint pains and worms.

Ointment made dried pulverized material with camphor or Yerba buena (Mentha

arvensis) to make a 10% valenine ointment applied to the nose for rhinitis.

Sprains, bone fractures, poisonous snake bites, furuncle.

Dosage: use 3 to 9 gms dried material or 9 to 15 gms fresh material in decoction.

Poultice used for sprains, contusions and snake bites.

Used as snuff for treatment of head colds.

Herb is boiled to a pasted and applied to the cheeks for toothache.

Used to treat sinus infections.

Used for nasopharyngeal cancers.

Also, the plant used as a kind of snuff for ophthalmia, causing the eyes to water.

72
Area of collection: Dug of tago

Herbarium no.: 451

44. Botanical name : Chenopodium album Linn.

Family: Chenopodiaceae
Local name: Bathu

Vernacular names: Hindi: Paruppukkirai ; Tamil:Chandanbethu ; Bengali; Vastukah.

Habitat: A common weed of cultivated ground, especially on rich soils and old

manure heaps. It is often one of the first weeds to appear on newly cultivated soils.
Description: It is an annual herb, reaching heights of 10–150 cm . The leaves are

alternate and can be varied in appearance. The first leave, near the base of the plant,

are toothed and roughly diamond-shaped. The leaves on the upper part of the

flowering stems are entire and lanceolate-rhomboid. The small flowers grow in small

cymes.
Flowering period: July to October.

Part / Parts used: Leaves.

Medicinal uses:

For kidney stone: it is very effective and useful in problem of kidney stone. Take

tender leaves and branches of leaves and grind them to extract its juice and take 10-

15 gm of it daily with or without water. This also reduces the tendency of stone

formation.

For inter swelling: When bathua taken internally it helps to reduce internal

swelling.

73
 For external swelling: For external swelling cook leaves of bathua in steam and

apply at place of swelling this help to reduce swelling.

For jaundice:Take bathua and giloy ras and mix them in equal proportion and take

25- 30 gm of it daily twice a day.

For irregular period:Take bathua seeds and sonth(dry ginger powder) make powder

15-20n gm boil in 400 gm of water when it reduces to 100 gm drain it and drink

twice a day.

For curing infections after delivery: Take 10 gm of bathua, ajwain, methi and

jaggery add dashmol and take for 10-15 days.

For anemia:Take 25-50 gm of bathua ras (juice extract from leaves after crushing)

daily.

For urinary tract infections(UTI): Take 10 gm of bathua leaves ras add 50 ml of

water and take with misri(candy sugar) take regularly.

For Blood purification: When bathua ras taken with 4-5 neem leaves ras it works as

blood purifier.
Area of collection: Sanahi
Herbarium no.: 133

45. Botanical name: Chenopodium botrys Linn.

Family: Chenopodiaceae

Local name: Bathu

Vernacular names: Jerusalem Oak.

Habitat: Waste places, roadsides and disturbed soil.

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Description: It is an erect, herbaceous rising from 1 to 3 feet in height. The leaves are

alternate or scattered, oblong-lanceolate, toothed, sinuate, nearly sessile, distinctly

veined, attenuated at both ends, of a yellowish-green color, and marked beneath with

small resinous atoms. The flowers are very numerous, small, of the same color as the
leaves.
Flowering period: July to October.

Part / Parts used: Leaves.

Medicinal uses:

Anthelmintic and antispasmodic. It is used in various forms, as the expressed juice,

electuary, or decoction, to expel thelumbrici in children.

The dose of the juice is a tablespoonful, repeated night and morning; of the
infusion, prepared by infusing 1 ounce of the recent plant in 1 pint of milk, with the

addition of some aromatic, a wineglassful; of the electuary, made by thoroughly

mixing the pulverized seed in honey or syrup, 20 or 40 grains.

Essential oil, on which the vermifuge properties depend is the best form, and is

more generally employed. Its dose is from 4 to 8 drops mixed with sugar, or in

emulsion, to be given morning and evening, for 4 or 5 days successively, and then,

as with the other forms of administration, it should always be followed by a

purgative. It is used in various combinations.

Take of oil of wormseed and tansy, of each 1 ounce, spirits of turpentine 1 1/2

ounces, castor oil 1 pound. Mix. Dose, for a child, a teaspoonful every hour, until it

operates; for an adult, a tablespoonful. Equal parts of chenopodium and jalap in

75
 decoction may be given in tablespoonful doses, on an empty stomach, 4 or 5 times

a day.

The oil has likewise been reputed beneficial in amenorrhoea.

Area of collection: Kargoo

Herbarium no.: 141

46. Botanical name: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Family: Asteraceae

Local name: Dudhli

Vernacular names: English: Creeping thistle; Hindi: Kandai; Urdu: Leh, Bhurbhur.

Habitats: Arable land, roadsides etc, a common weed of cultivated land.

Description: It is a tall herbaceous perennial plant, reaching 1-2 m tall. The leaves are

very spiny, lobed. The inflorescence is pink-purple, with all the florets of similar form.
The seeds are with a downy pappus.

Flowering period: It is in flower from Jul to September.

Part / Parts used: Roots and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The root is tonic, diuretic, astringent, antiphlogistic and hepatic.

It has been chewed as a remedy for toothache.

A decoction of the roots has been used to treat worms in children.

A paste of the roots, combined with an equal quantity of the root paste of

Amaranthus spinosus, is used in the treatment of indigestion.

The plant contains a volatile alkaloid and a glycoside called cnicin, which has

emetic and emmenagogue properties.

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 The leaves are antiphlogistic. They cause inflammation and have irritating

properties.
Area of collection: Nalti

Herbarium no.: 319

47. Botanical name: Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.

Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Kandai

Vernacular names: English: Spear Thistle.

Habitat: Pastures, fields, roadsides, and waste places.

Description: It is an erect biennial with a taproot and of height 30-150 cm Leaves:

alternate, pinnately cut, the larger ones with thelobes again toothed or lobed, with

rough, bristly hairs above, thinly white-woolly-hairy to sometimes green and merely
stiff-hairy beneath. Flowerheads, purple or rarely white, showy.

Flowering period: July-September.

Part / Parts used: Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

The roots of bull thistle have been used as a poultice and a decoction of the plant

used as a poultice on sore jaws.

A hot infusion of the whole plant has been used as a herbal steam for treating

rheumatic joints.

Bleeding piles have been treated by a decoction of the whole plant, used both

internally and externally.

Area of collection: Jasai

77
Herbarium no. : 207

48. Botanical name: Cissampelos pareira Linn.

Family: Menispermaceae

Local name: Bhantdu

Vernacular names: Malaysia: Gasing-gasing, mempenang; English: Abuta, false

pareira, velvet leaf; Hindi: Padh.

Habitat: It is growing along hedges and waste places.

Description: A climber with kidney-shaped, softly hairy leaves. Male flower clusters

are stalked; femal flowers spikes are elongated with large leafy heart-shaped bracts at

their base. The fruit is densely hairy, succulent with a stony centre.
Flowering period: In January.

Part /parts used: Whole vine, seed, bark, leaf, root.

Medicine uses:

The vine or root is used to prevent a threatened miscarriage and to stop uterine

hemorrhages after childbirth.

Used for menstrual cramps and pre- and postnatal pain, excessive menstrual

bleeding, and uterine hemorrhaging.

It is also believed to aid poor digestion, drowsiness after meals, and constipation.

A poultice of leaves is used as a topical pain-reliever, and a decoction of the leaf

and stem as an oral analgesic.

The leaf decoction for eye infections and snakebite.

The leaves, bark, and roots are soaked in rum and use it as an aphrodisiac.

78
 Toast the seeds and then brew them into a tea to treat internal hemorrhages and

external bleeding.

Brew a leaf tea for rheumatism and a vine wood and-bark tea to treat irregular

heartbeat and excessive menstrual bleeding.

Area of collection: Bhota

Herbarium no.: 63

49. Botanical name: Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.

Family : Cucurbitaceae

Local name: Darbuj

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Kalinda; Hindi: Darbuj ; English: Watermelon ; Tamil:

Darboos.
Habitat: cultivated in the temperate and warm regions.

Description: It is a spreading, hairy, tendril-bearing annual vine reaching a length of

several meters. Leaves are long-stalked, oblong-ovate, deeply 3- to 7-lobed, pinnatifid

with usually narrowed segments. Flowers are yellow occurring singly in axils of the

leaves. Fruit is very large, smooth, ellipsoid to oblong, light green. Seeds are black.
Flowering period: Summer

Part / Parts used: Seeds, roots, fruit.

Medicinal uses :

The juice of the roots used for hemorrhage after abortion.

Juice of fruit use as antiseptic in typhus fever.

79
 With cumin and sugar, juice is used as a cooling drink in strangury and affections

of the urinary organs, such as gonorrhea; also used for hepatic congestion and

intestinal catarrh.

Rind of the fruit is powdered after drying and incineration and used for aphthous

mouth sores.

Pulp is used as a drastic purgative.

Pericarp used for diarrhea.

Seeds used to alleviate symptoms of acute cystitis.

It si also used to relieve scanty urination, excessive thirst, for treating icteric

hepatitis and urinary tract infections.

Area of collection: Sera road

Herbarium no.: 195

50. Botanical name: Citrus jambhiri Lushington

Family: Rutaceae

Local name: Khitiyan, Jambhiri.

Vernacular names: Citrus jambhiri.

Habitat: It is found in cultivated beds at low altitudes.

Description: A medium to large, spreading, spiny tree. Light green, round, aromatic

leaves, flowers small, faintly coloured, fruits lemon brown containing yellow flesh

and numerous seeds.

Flowering period: Spring.

Part /parts used: Fruits.

Medicinal uses:

80
 It is said to be an appetitiser, stomachic, anthelmintic; cures abdominal complaints.

Removes diseases due to “tridosha”, loss of appetite, constipation, fatigue.

Good in “kapha” and biliousness, abdominal pain, and foul breath.

Relieves vomiting and good for eyes.

It is also believed to be powerfully refrigerant and antiseptic.

Area of collection: Manjru

Herbarium no.: 93

51. Botanical name: Cleome gynandra Linn.

Family: Capparaceae
Local name: Apoi-apoian

Vernacular names: English: Wild Spider Flower, Bastard-mustard ; Hindi: jakhiya,

safed hulhul, parhar, safed bagro ; Marathi: Pandhari; Telugu: vaminta, vaaminta ;

Kannada: kiloni ; Sanskrit: Ajagandha.

Habitat: It is a weed in crops on fertile well-manured soils.

Description : It is an erect, branched, somewhat hairy herb, growing 0.4 to 1 meter

high, usually with purplish stems. Leaf has a very long petiole with five leaflets.

Flowers are borne in racemes which terminate the branches, showy and somewhat

spidery in appearance. Fruit is a cylindric capsulecontaining numerous, small, dark-

brown seeds.
Flowering period: From Jul to August.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, seeds.

Medicinal uses:

81
 Leaves used externally as the seeds of mustard, and taken internally for certain

bilious disorders.

Whole plant made into an ointment applied to pustular eruptions of the skin;

simply boiled in oil, used - for cutaneous diseases, especially leprosy.

Leaves used as rubifacient and vesicant, producing copious exudation, providing

relief obtained from blister without its inconveniences.

The pounded leaves are used as counterirritant in rheumatism, neuralgia, headache,

stiff neck, taking care to withdraw the application before it produces a blister.

Leaf juice used occasionally for earache, otorrhea, and other ear affections.

Root decoction used as mild febrifuge.

Decoction of seeds used as wash for piles, rheumatism and malarial disorders.

Leaves are crushed for a concoction to drink as scurvy cure.

Leaves are boiled and marinated in sour milk to become a nutritious meal, believed

to improve eyesight, provide energy, and cure marasmus.

Also, highly recommended for pregnant and lactating women.

Also, used in the treatment of bronchitis, boils, earaches and nasal congestion and

as eyewash.
Area of collection: Dhaneta
Herbarium no.: 411

52. Botanical name: Costus speciosus Koen ex. (Retz.)Sm.

Family: Zingiberaceae

Local name: kide ki chali.

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Vernacular names: Hindi: Keukand, Keu, Kust; Gujrati: Pakarmula; Marathi: Penva,

Pinga, Pushkarmula; Sanskrit: Kustha, Kashmira, Kemuka, Shura, Pushkarmula;

Malyalam: Narum canna, Cannakkuvva; Tamil: Kostam.

Habitat: Roadside ditch, low lying areas in the forest.

Description: An erect plant, up to 2.7 meters high; root stock tuberous; stem sub-

woody at the base; Leaves are sub sessile, oblong, spirally arranged, silky-pubescent

beneath; sheaths coriaceous; flowers in very dense spikes, many; bracts ovate,

mucronate, bright red. Fruits capsule, globosely trigonus, red; seeds black with white

aril.
Flowering period: August to October.

Part /parts used: Rhizome and stems.

Medicinal uses:

Juice of stems used for dysentery.

Rhizome has been used for fevers, asthma, bronchitis, intestinal worms, rashes.

Roots used for catarrhal fevers, coughs, dyspepsia, worms and skin diseases.

Juice of rhizome used as purgative.

Rhizome has reported use for syphilis.

Nephritis-beriberi-edema due to hardening (sclerosis) of the liver, difficulty in

urination, pricking pain in the urinary tract.

Nettle rash, whooping cough.Dosage: use 3 to 9 gms of dried material in decoction.

Dried or fresh material decoction may be used as external application for nettle

rash.
Area of collection: Ghalol

83
Herbarium no.: 297

53. Botanical name: Crataeva religiosa Hook. f. & Thoms.

Family: Capparidaceae

Local name: Varun

Vernacular names: Hindi: Varuna, Varna; English: Three leaved caper;

Telugu:Ulimiri, Chettu; Marathi: Hadvarna; Tamil: Maralingam; Malayalam:

Nirmadalam
Habitat: It is cultivated as ornamental plant.

Description : Small medium sized, much branched deciduous tree with crooked

branched leaves and compound flowers which are white pale and yellowish.
Flowering period: March to May.

Part /Parts used : Bark, leaves and root bark.

Medicinal uses:

Bark is especially useful for urinary complaints such as kidney, bladder stone,

fever and to relieve from vomiting.

For bruise fresh leaves are grinded well with a little vinegar or lime water or hot

water and applied to the skin as paste, it takes 10 to 20 minutes to obtain

rubefacient effect.

A part of the leaves applied to soles of feet to relive swelling and burning

sensation.

The bark and root are used medicine, as diuretic and lithotriptic. It is also used in

internal inflammations.

84
 Extract of root-bark mixed with honey: in scrofulous enlargement of glands under

lower jaw.

Powdered stem-bark: as appetiser, in renal and urinary troubles, gastro-intestinal

and urinary affections.

Decoction of stem-bark compounded with root powder: in gravel.

Bark-collyrium: in eye affections.

Stem-bark and fresh leaf compound together as rubrifacient, in rheumatic pain.

Leaf-juice: in rheumatism.
Area of collection: Amroh road

Herbarium no.: 434

54. Botanical: Croton tiglium Willd.

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Local name: Jamalghota

Vernacular names: Sanskrit : Jaypal, Dantibija, Tintidiphala, Dravanthi; English :

Croton oil seed; Hindi :Jamalgot.

Habitat: It grows naturalized.

Description: A small tree or shrub with a few spreading branches bearing alternate

petiolate leaves which are ovate, acuminate, serrate, smooth.. Flowers in erect

terminal racemes, scarcely as long as the leaf. Seeds resemble castor beans in size and

structure, oblong, rounded.

Flowering period: July – September.

Part /parts used: Roots, seeds, fresh leaves.

Medicinal uses:

85
 For rheumatic pains of the legs and waist: use 3 to 6 gms of dried material in the

form of decoction.

Pounded fresh leaves may be applied as poultice for snakebites or may be used as

insecticide.

Poultice of leaves applied or rubbed on area of snake and insect bites.

For sprains and bone pains: Oiled leaves or bark material are heated and applied to

painful areas.

Croton seed oil has been used as purgative.

Seed oil used for treatment of schistosomiasis and other intestinal parasites.

Roots, bark, seeds, and leaves considered a drastic purgative.

Bruised root applied to carbuncles and cancerous sores.

Testa used for fluxes.

Roots are finely shredded, mixed with water, and drunk by women as abortifacient.

Diluted tincture of croton seeds used as a stimulant and applied in certain

cutaneous affections, like eczema, ichthyosis and erythema.

Seeds, while half-roasting over a lamp or candle flame, are inhaled through the

nostril to relieve asthma.

Croton oil is rubbed on the skin as rubefacient and counterirritant.

Croton oil is used in dropsy, obstinate constipation, intestinal obstructions, and lead

poisoning; as a preliminary laxative in leprosy; and as a revulsive in apoplexy. A

few drops at the base of the tongue produces catharsis.

Area of collection: Neri

Herbarium no.: 313

86
55. Botanical name: Cucumis melo Linn.
Family: Cucurbitaceae

Local name: Kharbuja

Vernacular names: Melon, Muskmelon; Hindi: Kharbooza ; Marathi: Chibunda,

Tarkaddi; Tamil: Thumattikai; Kannada: Budame Kayi ; Bengali: Kharmuj ; Urdu:

Kharbooza ; Gujarati: Tarbucha ; Sanskrit: Madhuphala.

Habitats: Derived through cultivation, it is not known in a truly wild location though

it sometimes escapes from cultivation and becomes naturalized in fields and waste

places.
Description: It is a spreading, annual, more or less hairy vine. Leaves are somewhat

rounded, angled, heart-shaped at the base, and shallowly 3- to 7-lobed. Flowers are

yellow. Fruit is ovoid, somewhat rounded or ellipsoid,, smooth, green, and

longitudinally striped or mottled.

Flowering period: From Jul to September.

Parts used: Roots, pulp, seeds, kernel.

Medicinal uses:

Root considered an effective emetic – one piece in 60 gm of lime water.

Peduncles used for anasarca and indigestion.

It is employed to arrest vomiting.

Fruit pulp used as a lotion for chronic and acute eczema; also used for removing

tan and freckles; and internally, used for dyspepsia.

Seeds yield sweet, edible oil which is nutritive and diuretic, useful for painful

discharges and suppression of the urine.

87
 Fruit pulp also used as diuretic.

Kernels prescribed for cancer of the stomach and for purulent problems of the

digestive tract.

Kernels used for menorrhagia, after the oil has been extracted.

Seeds are used as emollient and refreshing medicine.

Area of collection: Jalari

Herbarium no.: 121

56. Botanical name: Curcuma longa Val.

Family: Zingiberaceae

Local name: Haldi

Vernacular names: English : Turmeric, Indian saffron; Hindi : Haldi, Haridra;

Bengali : Dakam, Keli-kadam.

Habitats: It is cultivated extensively.

Description: Turmeric plant is a perennial plant which grows to a height of about 3 to

5 feet and has deep orange roots or tubers. The leaves are long, smooth uniform green

and tapering at each end.

Flowering period : Late summer.

Part /Parts used: Rhizome.

Medicinal uses:

It is a natural antiseptic and antibacterial agent, useful in disinfecting cuts and

burns.

When combined with cauliflower, it has shown to prevent prostate cancer and stop

the growth of existing prostate cancer.

88
 Reduces the risk of childhood leukemia.

Is a natural liver detoxifier.

May prevent and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease by removing

amyloyd plaque buildup in the brain.

May prevent metastases from occurring in many different forms of cancer.

It is a potent natural anti-inflammatory that works as well as many anti-

inflammatory drugs but without the side effects.

Is a natural painkiller and cox-2 inhibitor.

May aid in fat metabolism and help in weight management.

Has long been used in Chinese medicine as a treatment for depression.

Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, it is a natural treatment for arthritis

and rheumatoid arthritis.

Boosts the effects of chemo drug paclitaxel and reduces its side effects.

Promising studies are underway on the effects of turmeric on pancreatic cancer.

Studies are ongoing in the positive effects of turmeric on multiple myeloma.

Has been shown to stop the growth of new blood vessels in tumors.

Speeds up wound healing and assist in remodeling of damaged skin.

May help in the treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin conditions.
Area of collection: Ghalol
Herbarium no.: 168

57. Botanical name: Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Family: Convolvulaceae

Local name: Gas bel

89
Vernacular names: Hindi: Amar bel , Akashbel ; Manipuri: Uri sanamacha ; Oriya:

Kolanirmuli ;Tamil:Kodiyagundal ; Bengali: Swarna lata ; Telugu: Sitamma pogunalu

; Marathi: Nirmali ; Assamese: Amarlati ; Malayalam: Akasavalli.

Habitat: It is found on Zizyphus jujube and Vitex negundo and has been known to

kill these plants.

Description: A selender parasitic perennial plant growing in shrubs or trees. Plant

does not have leaves. Flowes solitary or in clusters of 3-4. Fruits capsules, depressed

globose, with 2-4 black seeds. Branches are greenish or yellowish green.
Flowering period: January-March.

Part / Parts used : Shoot.

Medicinal use:

The seeds are alterative, anthelmintic and carminative. They are used in the

treatment of bilious disorders.

The stems are used in the treatment of bilious disorders.

The whole plant is purgative. It is used internally in treating protracted fevers and

externally in the treatment of body pains and itchy skin.

The plant is employed in Ayurvedic medicine to treat difficulty in urinating,

jaundice, muscle pain and coughs.

The juice of the plant, mixed with the juice of Saccharum officinarum, is used in

the treatment of jaundice.

Area of collection: Maide

Herbarium no.: 37

58. Botanical name: Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.

90
Family: Poaceae

Local name: Khabal, durva.

Vernacular names: English: conch grass; Hindi :doob; Sanskrit :durva; Gujarati

;dhroh.
Habitat: Durva grows wild, throughout India and is commonly cultivated as lawns,

for decorative purpose.

Description: It is a perennial creeping grass, rooting at every node, forming matted

tufts. The leaves, variable in length , tapering towards the apex. The flowers green or

brinjal-coloured, in terminal spikes, 2 to 8 in number. The fruit grains are tiny and

grayish in colour.
Flowering period: Through out year.

Part / Parts used : whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

Durva being haemostatic, refrigerant, healer and beneficial for skin complexion, it

is extremely beneficial, externally in wounds, haemorrhages, burning sensation and

dispigmentations of the skin.

The paste of leaves or their medicated oil is applied in traumatic wounds and piles,

with great benefit.

In catarrhal conditions of the eyes, the fresh fuice of the plants is instilled into eyes.

The same fuice, effectively controls the nasal bleeding , when used as nasal drops

The paste of the plant is applied on forehead in headache due to vitiation of pitta

dosa.

91
 The burning sensation in the skin disorders like urticaria, erysipelas is effectively

relieved with the application of its paste.

The plant is beneficial in the treatment of epilepsy and hysteria and in conditions

associated with pain, due to vitation of vata dosa.

As a potent styptic, it effectively arrests the bleeding in dysentery, piles,

haematuria, epistaxis, menorrhagia, diarrhea, raktapitta etc.

It checks the uterine bleeding, strengthens the uterus, averts the abortion and

augments the foetal growth.

The plant juice given along with rice water and rock candy, curbs the vomiting.

Duva is useful as a general tonic as well as an aphrodisiac.

Area of collection: Dhaneta

Herbarium no.: 220

59. Botanical name: Cyperus rotundus Linn.

Family: Cyperaceae

Local name: Motha

Vernacular names: English: Nut grass; Hindi : motha, nagarmotha; Sanskrit :

mustak; Gujarati : motha.

Habitat: A common weed in gardens, lawns and wastelands.

Description: Slender, erect, glabrous, perennial grasslike plant, 10 to 40 cm high.

Rhizomes or underground stems wiry, bearing black, hard, ovoid tubers about 1 cm in

diameter. Above ground stem solitary, distinctly 3-angled. Leave as long as the stems.
Flowers: inflorescence umbel-type, simple or compound.

Flowering period: March to July.

92
Part /parts used: Rhizome.

Medicinal uses:

Indigestion and constipation: 2 to 6 gms of dried material in a standard cup of

water, boil to concentration and drink.

Skin diseases: Wash the diseased portion with the hot decoction.

Chest pains caused by deterred blood flow of blood and energy circulation: boil to

decoction 4 to 9 gms of dried drug preparation together with 4 gms of Citrus

(dalanghita, kahel, suha, kalamansi, etc.) and drink.

Neurogenic gastralgia, abdominal distention, heaviness at the chest, acidic

vomiting: 3 to 9 gms dried material in decoction.

Irregular menstruation, painful menstruation: 3 to 9 gms dried material in

decoction.

Sprains and bruises, furuncle infections: Use pounded fresh material as poultice or

cook the pulverized drug material in vinegar and apply as hot poultice.

Rhizomes used for stomach and bowel disorders.

Used for wound healing.

Area of collection: Dairen

Herbarium no.: 322

60. Botanical name: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Tahli

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Shimshapa, Picchila, Shyama, Krishnasara; English :

Indian Rosewood ; Kannada: Beeti,shista baage, agaru, bindi ; Hindi : Shisham, sisam.

93
Habitat: Extensively planted along the road sides.

Description: Shisham is a medium to large deciduous tree, It can grow up to a

maximum of 25 m in height. Leaves are leathery, alternate, pinnately compound and

about 15 cm long. Flowers are whitish to pink, fragrant, nearly sessile. Pods are
oblong, flat, thin and light brown.
Flowering period : During summer.

Part/ parts used: The leaves, bark, wood and roots are used.

Medicinal uses:

Decoction of leaves is useful in gonorrhoea.

Roots are used an astringent.

Wood is alterative, useful in leprosy, boils, eruptions and to allay vomiting.

Oil obtained from the seeds is used to cure skin diseases.

The powdered wood, applied externally as a paste, is reportedly used to treat

leprosy and skin diseases.

The bark is alternative and dried bark is haemostatic and bleeding piles,

menorrhagia and in varicose veins.

The mucilage of its leaves mixed with sweet oil is used in excoriation.

Applying above decoction of heartwood, densified on slow fire to a consistency of

glue, on wounds, twice daily for a week, heals them.

Its leaves are warmed and tied over breast of women in swellings.

Leave juice mixed with sugar and curd is given to cure blood dysentery.

94
 Taking decoction of leaves-10 gm of fresh tender leaves in four cup of water

boiled down to one cup and decanted –twice daily for three days , controls,

excessive bleeding during menstruation flow.

Taking decoction of 20 gm of dried bark-crushed bark in four cups of water boiled

down to one cup and decanted-once in morning after breakfast reduces excessive

fat in body. This medication also helps in controlling sciatica pain.

Taking vaginal douches of decoction of leaves-10 gm of fresh tender leaves in four

cup of water boiled down to two cups and decanted –cures vaginal wounds and

exudation of mucous from there.

Area of collection: Baroo.

Herbarium no.: 251

61. Botanical name: Deeringia amaranthoides Lam.

Family: Amaranthaceae

Local name: Paringya

Vernacular names: Common : Shrubby Deeringia; Assamese: rangoli-lota ;

Bengali: golamohani ; Hindi: kalalori, latman, wali.

Habitat: It grows on wet and waste land.

Description: It is a climbing shrub with stem 2-6 m tall. Leaves are ovate or ovate-

lance shaped, at first sparsely hairy, later hairless, base narrow, blunt, rounded, or

ovate-flat, tip pointed or long-pointed. Flowers arise in racemes in leaf axils. Fruit is

berry and red in colour.

Flowering period : October-March.

Part / Parts used: Leaves, stem and roots.

95
Medicinal uses:

The decoction of leaves used for dysentery.

Mucous obstruction of the nose is treated by draining the nostrils with an infusion

of the root with vinegar and alum.

Leaves are applied to sores.

Leaves are cooked with salt to cure liver disorders like pit.

Stem is used to brush the teeth in toothache.

Area of collection: Sarayen.

Herbarium no.: 5

62. Botanical name: Datura metel Linn.

Family: Solanaceae

Local name : kala datura

Vernacular names: English: Datura, Thorn-apple; Hindi: Datura.

Habitat: It grows in waste lands, along the roadside and railway lines, and in scrub-

jungles.
Description: The plant is an annual herb growing up to 3 ft. high. Oval to broad oval

leaves that are often dark violet as well. The pleasantly-scented flowers are

immensely varied, and can be single or double. Colors range from white to cream,
yellow, red, and violet. The seed capsule is covered with numerous conical humps and

a few spines.
Flowering period: Jun to July.

Part /parts used : Leaves and seeds

Medicinal uses :

96
 The oil prepared by boiling the leaves, purified copper sulphate and coconut oil is

called Mathan thailam which is very effective external application for ulcers,

chronic ulcers, carbuncles, tumours etc.

The seeds are ground with cows ghee and applied over the external pile mass.

The leaves are dried and given in dose of 30-100 mg for bronchial asthma.

The leaves are fried or heated and used for formentation in case of arthritis,

swellings etc.

The leaves along with rice paste and prepared as kali by baking. This is externally

applied over swellings of bones and joints, painful swellings of body, extenal pile
mass, and condition like neuro-fibromatosis.

The leaf juice, 1-2 drops is externally applied as ear drops for ear ache, and also be

massaged over swellings.

During dysmenorrhoea, the leaves are boiled well in water and this is used to give

formentation over the navel region and lower abdomen.

The juice of the fruit is applied over head for dandruff and hairfall.

This is used as an antidote for rabid dog bite.

Area of collection: Man khad.

Herbarium no.:402

63. Botanical: Datura stramonium Linn.

Family: Solanaceae

Local name: Safed datura

Vernacular names: English: Thorn-apple; Hindi: Datura; Sanskrit: Daturah.

Habitat: Roadsides, agricultural lands, disturbed areas, riverbanks.

97
Description: It is a annual growing to 1.5, oval leaves which are deeply toothed and

pale-green.Flowers are large and purplish.The fruit is ellipsoid and seeds are

compressed.

Flowering period: Jul to October.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, seeds.

Medicinal uses:

It relieves pain and encourages healing.

The leaves, flowering tops and seeds are anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic,

hallucinogenic, hypnotic, mydriatic and narcotic.

The seeds are the most active medicinally.

The plant is used internally in the treatment of asthma and Parkinson's disease,

excess causes giddiness, dry mouth, hallucinations and coma.

Externally, it is used as a poultice or wash in the treatment of fistulas, abscesses

wounds and severe neuralgia.

The leaves can be used as a very powerful mind-altering drug, they contain

hyoscyamine and atropine.

There are also traces of scopolamine, a potent cholinergic-blocking hallucinogen,

which has been used to calm schizoid patients. Atropine dilates the pupils and is

used in eye surgery.

The leaves have been smoked as an antispasmodic in the treatment for asthma,

though this practice is extremely dangerous.

The juice of the fruit is applied to the scalp to treat dandruff.

Area of collection: Shiv tample Dhaneta.

98
Herbarium no.: 340

64. Botanical name: Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.

Family : Dioscoreaceae

Local name: Tardiyan

Vernacular names: Common : Aerial yam, Air potato; Hindi: Zimikand; Bengali:

Kukuralu ; Tamil: Pannu.

Habitat: It grows in thickets at low and medium altitudes and embrace other trees.

Description: It is a climbing or twining, dioecious, smooth, unarmed vine reaching a

length of several meters. Tubers are rounded, not larger than a man's fist. Leaves are

simple, ovate, with a broad and prominently heart-shaped base. Flowers are long.

Seeds are winged at the base only.

Flowering period: Late summer.

Part /Parts used: Tubers.

Medicinal uses :

Tubers taken internally as remedy for dysentery and syphilis.

Tubers used as resolvent for boils and as diuretic.

Powdered tubers used as application for sores, piles and to stop diarrhea.

A folk remedy used to cure wounds, leucoderma and boils. Also, used as tonic,

expectorant in asthma, as aphrodisiac and anthelmintic.

It is used to treat diseases of the lungs, kidney, spleen and many types of diarrhea.

Area of collection: Jamnoti

Herbarium no.: 381

65. Botanical name: Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

99
Family: Cucurbitaceae

Local name: Sivlingi

Vernacular names: English: Lolipop climber; Hindi : Sivalingi, Isvarlingi;

Malayalam : Neyyunni, Sivalingakkaya, Neyyuruni, Iviralikova, Sivavalli.

Habitat: It is largely distributed in warmer rain forests. It has been recorded in India

as growing and spreading in the wild.

Description: Slender, much-branched climber, perennial, with stems to 6 m long.

Leaves simple, alternate, 5 lobed, hairy above, pale and smooth beneath, margins

irregularly toothed, with unpleasant odour when crushed. Flowers white to yellowish.

Fruit green with white longitudinal stripes.

Flowering period: March to April.

Part /parts used: Whole plant and its leaves and seeds.

Medicinal uses:

It is considered bitter, aperient and tonic and it is commonly used for relieving

bilious attack. The leaves of the plant are applied topically for getting relief from

inflammations.

The women sometimes take the seeds in combination with other plant drugs for

helping conception and prevent miscarriage.

The practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine use the plants fruit as an aphrodisiac and

tonic, while in Siddha; the entire plant is used for getting relief from constipation.

It is used to control cough.

It is used as reproductive medicine (female infertility, aphrodisiac, tonic,

leucorrhoea etc).

100
Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 369

66. Botanical name: Dodonaea viscosa (Jacq.)Linn.

Family: Sapindaceae
Local name: Mehandru

Vernacular names: Tamil: Virali ; Malayalam: Virali, Krali, Unnatharuvi ; Kannada:

Bandare.
Habitat: Desert, Upland.

Description:It is an evergreen shrub or small tree, which grows up to about 5 m in

height. The leaves are variable in shape, from elongated to spoon- or wedge-shaped,

are sometimes reddish or purplish, The flowers, which grow at the ends of the

branches, are either male or female, and individual plants generally bear one or the

other.
Flowering period: Spring, Summer, Fall.

Part/ Parts used : Fruits, bark , leaves and roots.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves and bark are used for fevers and to reduce swelling caused by

inflammation and bumps.

The fruit and bark have astringent qualities so are used to treat diarrhoea and to

heal wounds externally.

The leaves are chewed for their stimulant qualities, although as they contain

saponins and the oil in them is cyanogenic, this is not advisable, although the

leaves are spit out after masticating it well.

101
 The bark is sometimes used in poultices for swellings and headaches and is added

to baths.

The leaves have pain-killing, wound healing and diaphoretic (sweat-promoting)

qualities as well as being astringent and useful for skin rashes, toothache and sore

throats. A decoction or infusion can be made from them and the liquid applied to

affected areas of the skin.

Heated leaves are applied as plasters for wounds.

Root extract is used in diarrhea.

Area of collection: Jhaniyari .

Herbarium no.: 189

67. Botanical name: Dolichos lablab Linn.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Val

Vernacular names: Hindi: Sem; Santhali: Malhan; Marathi: Papri.

Habitat: It is found in wet habitats.

Description: It is an annuals or occasionally short-lived perennials; a vigorously

trailing, twining herbaceous plant. Leaves trifoliate; leaflets broad ovate-rhomboid.

Flowers white or blue or purple .Pods, broadly scimitar shaped, smooth and beaked by
the persistent style.
Flowering period: April and May.

Part / Parts used: Seeds, leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The seeds are useful in nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea.

102
 In Tinea infection 20gm juice collected from leaves is applied twice daily to the

affected areas for 4 days.

Area of collection: Nadaun

Herbarium no.: 25

68. Botanical name : Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC

Family: Compositae
Local name: Khukri

Vernacular names:Common : Purple Sow Thistle, Cupid's shaving-brush, emilia,

Flora's paint brush; Hindi: Hirankhuri, kirankuri.

Habitat: It grows in sunny, open, grassy, disturbed areas at lower elevations.

Description: An erect or ascending more or less branched plant 10 to 40 cm high.

Leaves: sessile, somewhat fleshy and clasping Flower: flowering heads are 12-24 cm
in length and long-peduncled, their branches are usually dichotomousFruits: achenes,

narrowly oblong. The pappus is white, soft and copious.

Flowering period: July to October.

Part /Parts used: Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

A tea made from the leaves is used in the treatment of dysentery.

The juice of the leaves is used in treating eye inflammations, night blindness, cuts

and wounds and sore ears.

The plant is astringent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge and sudorific. It

is used in the treatment of infantile tympanites and bowel complaints.

The juice of the root is used in the treatment of diarrhoea.

103
 The flower heads are chewed and kept in the mouth for about 10 minutes to protect

teeth from decay.

Area of collection: Manjru.

Herbarium no.:212

69. Botanical name: Epilobium angustifolium Linn.

Family: Onagrariaceae
Local name: Willow

Vernacular names: Eng: Rosebay Willowherb.

Habitat: Rocky ground, waste areas, woodland edges and gardens

Description: It is tall, erect stems, 4 to 8 feet high, densely clothed with long, narrow,

minutely-toothed leaves, terminate in long, showy spikes of flowers of a light rose-

purple.
Flowering period: In late summer.

Part /parts used : Herb.

Medicinal uses :

The roots and leaves have demulcent, tonic and astringent properties and are used

in domestic medicine in decoction, infusion and cataplasm, as astringents.

Used much as an intestinal astringent.

The plant contains mucilage and tannin.

The dose of the herb is 30 to 60 grains. It has been recommended for its

antispasmodic properties in the treatment of whooping cough, hiccough and

asthma.

In ointment, it has been used locally as a remedy for infantile cutaneous affections.

104
 High in vitamin A and C, the young spring shoots are a nutritious vegetable.

A tea from the leaves tastes similar to black tea and is used to relieve stomach

aches.
Area of collection: Chabtura.

Herbarium no.:205

70. Botanical name: Erythrina indica Lam.

Family: Fabaceae
Local name: Prair

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Paribhadra ; English : Coral tree ; Hindi: Dadap .

Description: It is a medium-sized, spiny, deciduous tree norm growing to 6-9 m

Leaves trifoliate, alternate, bright emerald-greenFlowers in bright pink to scarlet erect

terminal racemes. Fruit a cylindrical torulose pod.

Flowering period : In February - March .

Part / Parts used: The bark , leaves and roots .

Medicinal uses:

The bark decoction is used in stomach disorders, anti-abortion treatment, malarial

fever and liver problems.

Taking four teaspoonful of warm juice of phaleod leaves with a pinch of camphor

powder, cures, spermatorrhea.

Taking four teaspoonful of warm juice of phaleod leaves, cures headache caused

due to no particular reason. This medication also acts as antihelminthic.

Applying hot paste of phaleod leaves on inflammatory swelling of lymph nodes

especially in arm pits-twice daily shall subside pain.

105
 Occationally, a girl begins menstruating at a tender age, blood discharges

inadequately and pain excruciatingly. Taking four teaspoonful of warm juice of

phaleod leaves for three days, during mensturation, cures the problem.

During menopause the excessive flow of blood is cured by taking two teaspoonful

of warm juice of phaleod leaves for three days, for three months.

Feeding 10-15 drops of juice of bark of roots of phaleod, mixed with a little milk,

twice daily for three weeks, cures rickets among children.

Taking two teaspoonful of juice of phaleod leaves with 4-5 teaspoonful of milk of

coconut, improves availability of breast milk in lactating mothers.

Taking one teaspoonful of warmed juice of phaleod bark controls fever.

Taking two teaspoonful of warmed juice of phaleod bark with milk twice its

amount, daily for five days, cures hemorrhagic dysentery.

Area of collection: Bahl.

Herbarium no.: 153

71. Botanical name: Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Klotz. & Garcke

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Local name: Dudhli

Vernacular names: Dugdhika.

Habitat: It is found on dry and waste places.

Description: It is an erect, branched, smooth, half-woody herb or shrubby plant, 0.5

to 1.5 meters high. Leaves are alternate and extremely variable in shape, most often
oblong-ovate. Bracts are leaflike, much smaller than the leaves; the lower part is red

and the upper, green. Involucres are clustered at the ends of the branches.

106
Flowering period : Throught the year.

Part / Parts used: Roots, bark, leaves, stem.

Medicinal uses:

Wound Healing and sealing characteristics of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf .

The aqueous extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity which was not

dose-dependent.

Anticoagulant / Oxytocic / Laxative: aqueous extract of leaves showed (1) laxative

effect as a result of increased peristaltic movements (2) muscaric activity blocked

by atropine (3) oxytocic effect from binding to oxytocic receptors, and (4)

anticoagulant effect probably from the rich saponin content.

The leaf extracts showed good antimicrobial activity against B subtilis, E. coli, S.

aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, K .pneumonia.

The extracts showed significant analgesic effects at doses of 150-300 mg/kg .

Used for constipation, bronchitis and asthma.

The decoction of roots and bark used for ague.

The juice of stem used for erysipelas.

It is used for hay fever and catarrh; latex used for insect bites.

The leaves and roots are used for traumatic injury.

Area of collection: Neri

Herbarium no. : 16

72. Botanical name: Euphorbia hirta Linn.

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Local name: Dudhli.

107
Vernacular names: English: Common Spurge; Irula : Pasal geda; Tamil : Amman

pacharisi; Hindi : Dudhi

Habitat: It is found on dry and waste land .

Description: It is a slender- stemmed, annual hairy plant with many branches from

the base to top, spreading upto 40 cm in height, reddish or purplish in color. Leaves

are opposite, elliptic - oblong to oblong- lanceolate, acute or subacute, dark green

above. The fruits are yellow.

Flowering period : Almost through out the year.

Part / Parts used: The whole plant is used.

Medicinal uses:

It is used as a curative for dengue fever.

Whole plant is used for the diseases of children in worms, bowel complaints and

cough.

Its decoction is given in asthma and bronchial affections.

The entire plant is given to nourishing woman when the supply of milk is deficient.

The latex of plant is used as an application to warts and in diseases of urino-

genitary tracts.

It is also used in post natal complaints, failure of lactation, breast pain and skin

eruptions.

Its roots are given to allay vomiting.

The juice of whole plant is given in and colic.

Its about 20 leaves are crushed and their extract is given orally with honey once a

day in the morning for leucorrhoea for a month.

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Area of collection: Jhaniyari

Herbarium no.: 64

73. Botanical name: Euphorbia royleana Boiss.

Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local name: Chhun

Vernacular names: Hindi : Shakarpitan, Thor, Suru, Surai. Bengali : Shakarpitan,

Thor, Suru, Surai.

Habitat: It is found on rocky and exposed surfaces.

Description: It is a large cactus-like shrub, up to 5 m tall, with stout trunk and many

thick fleshy branches. Leaves are fleshy, spoon-shaped, 10-15 cm long. Flower-heads

are yellow-green, 3-4 in almost stalkless clusters in leaf axils. Fruit is 3-lobed.
Flowering period : March-May.

Part / Parts used: Latex.

Medicinal uses:

The latex of the plant is a valuable source of in-genol esters. Ingol is a macrocyclic

diterpene and is of therapeutic interest due to its antileukemic properties.

The latex of the plant has antipyretic and analgesic properties.

The fresh latex has a rich sweet order. It is acrid and possesses cathartic and anti-

inflammatory and antiarthritic activity.

It is antihelmintic.

It is used in diarrhea and dysentery.

Its latex is used to cure wounds inside the ear, ear pain, cuts, fever, boils and

cough.

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 Its latex is applied on internal wounds and strain.

Area of collection: Sarayen

Herbarium no.: 261

74. Botanical name: Euphorbia prostrata

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Local name: Dudhli.

Vernacular names: Common: Ait Spurge, Prostrate Spurge; Tamil name : Chinna

ammam.
Habitat: It is found on dry and waste land.

Description: It is an annual herb producing slender prostrate stems up to about 20 cm

longer. The oval-shaped leaves are with finely toothed edges. The inflorescence is a

cyathium less than 2 mm wide, with white petal-like appendages surrounding the
actual flowers.

Flowering period: Almost through out the year.

Part / Parts used: The whole plant is used.

Medicinal uses:

Extract has been clearly shown to have significant anti-hemorrhoidal activity as

demonstrated by ano-rectal body: weight ratio model in rats.

Various components of its extract are known to affect inflammatory response to

antigen.

Its extract on topical application significantly reduced the bleeding time. This

effect could play an important role in arrest of bleeding.

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 Topical application of its extract has been shown to have significant wound healing

effect.

Flavonoids tend to decrease capillary permeability and increase capillary

resistance. Several mechanisms have been proposed such as inhibition of ascorbic

acid oxidation, blood cell aggregation and stimulation of pituitary-adrenal axis.

Apigenin and Luteolin inhibit basophil histamine release and neutrophil beta

glucoronidase release, thus exerting anti-allergic effects.

Tannins present in Euphorbia prostrata extract cause sclerosis of the mucus

membrane by virtue of their protein precipitating property.

Area of collection: Jaskot
Herbarium no.: 30

75. Botanical name: Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.

Family: Convolvulaceae
Local name: Sankhpushpi
Vernacular names: Hindi: Visnukrantha, Shyamakrantha ; Marathi: Vishnukranta ;

Tamil: Vishnukranthi ; Malayalam: Vishnukranthi ; Telugu: Vishnukrantha ;

Kannada: Vishnykranti ; Sanskrit: Vishnugandhi.

Habitat: It is generally found in drier parts.

Description: It is an erect ascending herb with woody base. Leaves are linear oblong

or wide, elliptic with acute round base. Flowers are blue or rarely white coloured.

The capsules are 4-valvate with usually 4-seeds. Seeds are glabros.
Flowering Period : Throughout the year.

Parts used: Whole plant and its leaves are used.

111
Medicinal uses:

The plant is used in bronchitis.

Its leaf paste is applied on fingers affected with whitlow diseases.

It is used in leucoderma.

A decotion of the herb with Ocimum sanctum is given in fever associated with

diarrhea.

The herb juice is used to cure hysteria .

Half teaspoonful powder of the herb is taken as a tonic for a month.

It is used in epilepsy.

It is also useful in indigestion.

Leaf juice is applied locally on ulcer.

A decotion of the herb with oil promotes hair growth.

Area of collection: Khatrod

Herbarium no.: 126

76. Botanical name: Ficus racemosa Roxb.

Family: Moraceae

Local name: Umreya

Vernacular names: Sanskrit : Udumbara,Janthuphala,Yajnanga, Hemadugdha;

English : Crattock; Kannada :Atti,janthuphala, rumadi. Hindi: Goolar.

Habitat : It is cultivated all over india and also grows wild in many forests and hills.

Description: It is an attractive fig tree with a crooked trunk and a spreading crown. It

has red, furry figs in short clusters. The fig is actually a compartment carrying

hundreds of flowers.

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Flowering period: In winter.

Part /parts used: Bark, Root, Latex, Fruits.

Medicinal uses :

Roots are useful in hydrophobia whereas bark is acrid, cooling, galactagogue and

good for gynaecological disorders.

Fruits are astringent to bowels, styptic, tonic and useful in the treatment of

leucorrhoea, blood disorders, burning sensation, fatigue, urinary discharges,

leprosy, menorrhagia, epistaxis and intestinal worms.

Leaves are astringent to bowels and good in case of bronchitis whereas fruits are

useful in treatment of dry cough, loss of voice, diseases of kidney and spleen.

Bark is useful in asthma and piles

Latex is applied externally on chronic infected wounds to alleviate edema, pain

and to promote the healing.

The tender leaf buds are applied on the skin, in the form of paste, to improve the

complexion.

Area of collection: Nadaun.

Herbarium no.: 27

77. Botanical name: Ficus religiosa Linn.

Family: Moraceae

Local name : Peepal

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Pippala ; Assamese: Ahant; Bengali: Asvattha.

Habitat: Found throughout india and also cultivated.

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Description: It is a large, fast growing deciduous tree. It has a heart shaped leaves.

The fruits of the Peepal are hidden with the figs. Its bark is light gray and peels in

patches. Its fruit is purple in colour.

Flowering period: In February.

Part /parts used : Bark, Leaves, Tender Shoots, Latex, Seeds, Fruits.

Medicinal uses:

The bark is cooling and astringent and is useful in inflammations and glandular

swellings of neck.

Root bark is good for stomatitis, clean ulcers and it is astringent in leucorrhoea and

promotes granulations.

Root, bark is aphrodisiac and also good for lumbago.

Roots are said to be good for gout.

The roots are chewed to prevent gum disease.

The fruit is laxative, promotes digestion, aphrodisiac and checks vomiting.

Ripe fruits are alexipharmic (an antidote or defensive remedy against poison,

venom or infection), are good for foul taste, thirst and heart disease. The powdered
fruit is taken for asthma.

The seeds are cooling, laxative and refrigerant. Seeds are useful in urinary troubles.

The leaves alone are used to treat constipation.

The leaves and young shoots together are purgative (strong laxative).

An infusion or decoction of the bark is used with some honey for the treatment of

gonorrhoea, ulcers, skin diseases and scabies.

Its power bark has been used to heal the wounds for years.

114
Area of collection:Rangas.

Herbarium no.: 280

78. Botanical name: Fragaria indica Andr.

Family: Rosaceae
Local name/Hindi name: Jangli strawberry .

Vernacular names: Indian Strawberry.

Habitat: Shady places in woods, grassy slopes, ravines in low mountains.

Description: Rosette-forming perennial with long trailing stems or runners, rooting at

the nodes and trifoliate leaves with ovate toothed leaflets.Bears yellow flowers in

spring and summer, followed by small bright red fruits.

Flowering period: From May to October.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, flowers and fruits.

Medicinal uses:

The whole plant is anticoagulant, antiseptic, depurative and febrifuge. It can be

used in decoction or the fresh leaves can be crushed and applied externally as a

poultice.

It is used in the treatment of boils and abscesses, weeping eczema, ringworm,

stomatitis, laryngitis, acute tonsillitis.

It is used in snake and insect bites and traumatic injuries

A decoction of the leaves is used in the treatment of swellings.

An infusion of the flowers is used to activate the blood circulation.

The fruit is used to cure skin diseases.

A decoction of the plant is used as a poultice for abscesses, boils, burns etc.

115
 A tea made from the leaves can be used internally for diarrhoea, digestive upsets,

gout, laryngitis, acute tonsillitis and as a gargle for sore throats.

Contain Vitamin C, protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron.

A decoction can be used externally (or the fresh leaves and fruit can also be

crushed) and be applied as a poultice to treat boils and abscesses, swellings,

weeping eczema, ringworm, snake and insect bites and traumatic injuries.

A tea made from the leaves can be used internally for diarrhoea, digestive upsets,

gout, laryngitis, acute tonsillitis and as a gargle for sore throats.

Area of collection: Jaskot.

Herbarium no.: 219

79. Botanical name: Fumaria parviflora Lam.

Family : Papaveraceae

Local name: Pitpapara

Vernacular names: Garo: Pid-papra, Shahtra ; Hindi: Papara, Pit papra ; Malayalam:

Parpatakam ; Nepali: Dhukure ; Sanskrit: Parpata, Parpatakah ;Telugu: Chatarashi.

Habitat: Distributed on barren lands.

Description: It is an annual herb of height: 10-60 cm. Stem erect. leaves at once

divided in 3 stalked segments cut in narrow leaf segments, one vein not very distinct
beneath. Later leaves alternate, blue-green, 1-4-pinnatisect with filiform segments.

Flowers pink or white. Fruit : capsulae rounded.

Flowering period : December – February.

Part /parts used: Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

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 Leaf powder is used locally as blood purifier.

Whole plant is diuretic, alterative anthelmintic and aperients.

Whole plant is used medicinally in fever, leprosy, blooddisorders and tuberculosis.

Area of collection: Jasai.

Herbarium no.: 291

80. Botanical name: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa

Family : Rutaceae

Local name: Gingging

Vernacular names: English: Ash sheora. Sanskrit : Vanamenibuka, Ashvashakota.

Hindi. : Bannimbu.
Habitat: In thickets and secondary forests at low and medium altitudes, ascending to

1,100 meters
Description: It is a shrub growing 1 to 5 meters high. Leaves usually have 3 to 5

pinnately arranged leaflets, though these are sometimes reduced to one or two, all

forms being often found on the same plant. Flowers are small, white borne in axillary,
soliltary or paired, interrupted, narrow, cymose panicles which are 5 centimeters long

or less. Fruit is fleshy, pink or reddish.

Flowering period: In summer.

Part /Parts used: Stems, roots, bark and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

Bitter juice of leaves used for fevers, liver complaints and intestinal worms,

especially in children.

Stems and roots of plant used on ulcers.

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 Paste of leaves, with a bit of ginger, applied to eczema and other skin diseases;

also, applied over the navel for worms and other bowel disorders.

Infusion of leaves given to women after delilvery to induce appetite.

Wood is used for snake bites.

Used for cough, jaundice, inflammation, rheumatism and anemia.

Stems used as toothbrushes for its fibrous nature and slightly astringent and bitter

quality.
Area of collection: Galod

Herbarium no.: 7
81. Botanical name: Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol.

Family:Asteraceae

Local name: Babasirbuti

Vernacular names: Cudweed.

Habitat: It grows best in sun dried places.

Description: Annual weed with green leaves whose undersides are covered with

thick, white hairs. Stems are of uniform size and also hairy. Small pink to purple

flowers.
Flowering period: December to May of next year.

Part /parts used: entire plant.

Medicinal uses:

The leaf juice is mixed with coconut oil and rubbed on scalp for a month to delay

greying of hair.

Whole Gnaphalium plants can be used to treat cough, sputum and dyspnea.

118
 Used for dysentery, diarrhea, and coughing due to wind-cold evil. 9-15g.

Area of collection: Near Gugga mandir.

Herbarium no.: 32

82. Botanical name: Gomphrena celosioides Mart.

Family : Amaranthaceae

Local name: Karia

Vernacular names: English: gomphrena-weed, soft khakiweed .

Habitat: Roadsides and waste places.

Description: Prostrate to ascending annual or perennial, stems pubescent to woolly or

glabrous, to 25 cm high.Leaves oblonge, acute, upper surface sparsely hairy to

glabrous, lower surface pubescent to woolly.Inflorescence 1–4 cm long, 10–12 mm

wide.
Flowering period: Feb-June.

Part /parts used: whole plant and its leaves.

Medicinal uses:

Plant commonly used for treatment of skin infections.

It is used as an abortifacient.

Used in the treatment of malaria.

Aqueous leaf extracts is anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

The whole plant juice along with three Piper nigrum Linn. and with lemon juice

twice a day is taken for 10 days to cure urolithiosis.

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 It is antihelminthic.

Stem and leaf extract are used for theuraptic purposes against bacteria.
Area of collection: Khas Galod
Herbarium no.: 221

83. Botanical name: Grewia asiatica Linn.

Family: Tiliaceae

Local name: Dogla

Vernacular names: Sanskrit :Parushaka, Alpasthi, Parapara; English :Phassa

;Kannada :Dagala, Dadasala; Hindi: Phalsa.

Habitat: It is found on waste lands.

Description: It is a shrub or small tree which can grow upto 12 feet high. Leaves with

serrated margins vary from broadly heart-shaped to obliquely ovate. The flowers are

yellow, and borne in densely crowded (rarely solitary) axillary cymes. The fruit is

edible, rounded, small dark blue to almost black when ripe.

Flowering period: In winter

Part /parts used : Root, Leaves, Seeds, Fruits.

Medicinal uses:

The fruit is supposed to possess astringent, cooling and stomachic properties. A

spirit is distilled and a pleasant sherbet is made from it.

The leaves are used as an application to pustular eruptions.

The root-bark for rheumatism.

An infusion of the bark is used as a demulcent.

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 The fruit juice contains magnesium, iron, potassium, calcium, carbohydrates and

vitamins A and C.

An infusion of the bark is used to relieve fevers, to treat diarrhoea and as a

demulcent.

It is astringent and aids digestion, and used as a remedy for stomach upsets and

indigestion.

The leaves are applied to skin to heal wounds, cuts and grazes and to relieve

irritation and painful rashes. They are thought to have an antibiotic effect.

The fruit and the juice have been employed for centuries to treat liver and gall

bladder problems, to purify the blood and regulate blood pressure and cholesterol

levels, and to protect the heart.

The fruit is said to help prevent coughs and colds and to relieve them

For skin problems, you should soak the bark overnight and then pound it and apply

the pulp directly on to the affected area.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 341

84. Botanical name: Heliotropium indicum Linn.

Family : Boraginaceae

Local name : Siriyari

Vernacular names: English: Indian Heliotrope; Hindi: Siriyari, Hatishura ;

Manipuri: Leihenbi ; Marathi: Bhurundi ; Tamil: Thel - Kodukku ;Malayalam:

Thekkada ; Telugu: Nagadanthi ; Kannada: Chelukondi gida ; Bengali: Hasti-sura ;

Oriya: Hati-sand ; Konkani: Ajeru.

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Habitat: A common weed in waste places and settled areas.

Description: Terrestrial, annual, erect herb, up to 75 cm tall. Stems erect, grooved,

hollow, hairy. Leaves simple, not lobed or divided, alternate, spiral, or sometimes

basal ones opposite, stalked, ovate. Flowers bisexual, grouped together in a many-
flowered, terminal, elongated cyme, blue with a orange throat. Fruit nut-like.
Flowering period: Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Part /Parts used: Entire plant.

Medicinal uses:

Decoction of dried roots used as emmenagogue.

Few seeds, masticated and eaten, said to be a good stomachic.

Skin pruritus, scabies: use pounded fresh material (quantity sufficient combine

with kerosene applied over the afflicted area.)

Concentrated decoction may also be used as external wash over afflicted area.

Decoction of leaves used for washing cuts and sores; also used for the treatment of

cholera.

Decoction of leaves used as pectoral and antiscabious.

Poultice of pounded leaves or bruised leaves applied to wounds and boils; also,

inflamed joints.

Juice of leaves used for facial acne, gum-boils, sores and wounds.

Sap of leaves, mixed with salt, used for clearing vision.

Plant used for ear and skin infections.

Leaves used for poulticing herpes and rheumatism.

Decoction of leaves and flowers used as gargle for sore throats and tonsillitis.

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 Flowers in small doses are emmenagogue; in large doses, abortive.

Area of collection: Jol sapar

Herbarium no.: 80

85. Botanical name: Hibiscus syriacus Linn.

Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Gudhal

Vernacular names: English: Common Hibiscus ; Hindi: Gurhal.

Habitat: Found wild on mountain slopes.

Description: It is a hardy, deciduous shrub or small tree, usually with three-lobed

leaves. The flowers are single, semi-double or double, and they come in white and

reddish purple colours.

Flowering period: In September.

Part /parts used: Root bark, Leaves, Flowers.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves are diuretic, expectorant and stomachic.

A decoction of the flowers is diuretic, ophthalmic and stomachic.

It is also used in the treatment of itch and other skin diseases, dizziness and bloody

stools accompanied by much gas.

The bark contains several medically active constituents, including mucilage,

carotenoids, sesquiterpenes and anthocyanidins.

A decoction of the root bark is antiphlogistic, demulcent, emollient, febrifuge,

haemostatic and vermifuge.

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 It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, abdominal pain, leucorrhoea,

dysmenorrhoea and dermaphytosis.

Area of collection: Tangota

Herbarium no.: 161

86. Botanical name: Ipomea carnea Mart. ex Choisy

Family: Convolvulaceae
Local name: Godan.

Vernacular names: English: Bush Morning Glory, Morning Glory Tree ; Marathi:

Besharam ; Hindi: Behaya.

Habitat: It is grown as a hedge plant.

Description: It is an erect –ascending and perennial undershrub about 1.2-1.5 m high

with milky juice. Leaves are ovate-triangular with a cordate base. Flowers are purple
coloured in many flowered cymes. Seeds are brown –villous.

Flowering Period: Almost throughout the year.

Parts used: Seeds, stem, leaves and flowers are used .

Medicinal uses:

The extract of aerial parts is central nervous system depressant.

The extract of seeds and petals posses antifungal properties.

Roots are boiled to use as laxative and to provoke menstruation.

For treatment of skin diseases.

It also shows muscle relaxant property.

The leaves are warmed and tied over affected area in sprains and swellings.

The leaves are also used in tooth-ache.

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 The milky juice of plant has been used for the treatment of Leucoderma and other

related skin diseases.

Area of collection: Ghalol

Herbarium no.: 23

87. Botanical name: Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet

Family: Convolvulaceae
Local name: Vidari

Vernacular names: Hindi: Nilkamli ; English: Railway creeper.

Habitat: A weed of waste areas, disturbed sites, rainforest margins, open woodlands,

bushland, gardens.
Description: A vining perennial, twining and herbaceous, up to 4 meters long. Leaf

blades are palmately divided in 5 to 7 lobes. Flowers are white to lavender.

Flowering period: November to April/May.

Part /parts used: Leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The ethanolic extract of this plant presents an antinociceptive effect.

It inhibited the replication of human immune deficiency virus.

The essential oil possesses remarkable larvicidal properties .

Indole alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of this species .

Used for rheumatism and inflammation.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 169

88. Botanical name: Jasminum humile Linn.

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Family : Oleaceae

Local name: Motiya

Vernacular names: Hindi: Motiya.

Habitats: Scrub and dry valleys, in the Himalayas.

Description: It is an erect, spreading, or climbing shrubs and vine. Leaves are borne

opposite or alternate. They can be simple, trifoliate, or pinnate. The flowers are white,

borne in cymose clusters The fruits of jasmines are berries that turn black when ripe.
Flowering Period : February-April

Part /parts used : Flowers, roots.

Medicinal uses :

The flowers are astringent and a tonic for the heart and bowels.

Decoction of roots is used in ringworm.

Flowers are sun dried and powdered and boiled in water.

The decoction is used for blood purification and jaundice.

Leaves are used in wound healing.

The bark is used as tooth-brush for cleaning and sparkling the teeth and also used

for lips makeup.

A paste made frm the flowers is considered effective in the treatment of intestinal

problems.

The juice of the root is used in the treatment of ringworm.

The milky juice of the plant is used for destroying the unhealthy lining walls of

chronic sinuses and fistulas.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

126
Herbarium no.: 47

89. Botanical name: Justicia simplex Donn.

Family: Acanthaceae

Local name: Basokepata

Vernacular names:English: Kariyat, Creat ; Hindi: Kirayat, Kalpanath ; Manipuri:

Vubati ; Marathi: Oli-kiryata, Kalpa ; Tamil: Nilavembu ; Urdu: Naine-havandi ;

Assamese: Kalmegh ; Gujarati: Kariyatu ; Sanskrit: Kalmegha.

Habitat: It grows as a weed.

Description: A diffuse, slender herb, with many divaricate branches, rooting at the

lower nodes. Leaves, elliptic or ovate, or lanceolate, usually obtuse. Flowers small,

pale violet-pink, in rather dense, cylindric terminal spikes.

Flowering period: Through out the year.

Part /Parts used: Leaves and roots.

Medicinal uses:

To treat chest pain, paste of leaves is mixed with butter and rubbed over affected

area.

To treat rheumatism paste of fresh leaves is applied.

Leaf juice is dropped into eyes in case of ophthalmia.

The plant is diuretic, stomachic, expectorant, anthelmintic, diaphoretic and

aperient; removes indigestion, biliousness, fever and burning of the body.

It strengthens the lungs, the teeth, stops vomiting; good in diseases of the spleen.

Along with black pepper given in ague.

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 A mixture of powdered roots along with Cassia occidentalis, is given to prevented

conception after menstruation.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 289

90. Botanical name: Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley

Family: Cucurbitaceae
Local name: Dani

Vernacular names: Hindi: Titalauki, Kadavilauki, Kaddu, Lauki, Ghia,. Tarnri;

Beng: Lau, Kodu.

Habitat : It is widely cultivated.

Description: It is a coarse vine reaching a length of several meters. Leaves are

rounded, wide, softly hairy on both sides, 5-angled or lobed. Flowers, white,large,
solitary, and monoecious or dioecious. Fruit is green, mottled with gray or white.

Flowering period: In rainy season.

Part /parts used: Pulp, fruit, shoots, leaves, seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Young shoots and leaves used for enema.

Pulp used as purgative adjunct; also used for coughs, asthma, and poison antidote.

Green fruit in syrup used as a pectoral.

Leaf juice or sugared decoction used as emetic. Also used in jaundice.

Crushed leaves used for baldness; applied to the head for headaches.

Seeds also used as antihelminthic.

Juice of fruit used for stomach acidity, indigestion and ulcers.

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 Poultice of seeds used for boils.

Young shoots and leaves used for enema.

Pulp occasionally used as a adjunct to purgatives. Also used in coughs, and as

antidote to certain poisons.

Externally the pulp is applied as a poultice and cooling preparation to the shaved

head in cases of delirium and applied to the soles in burning of the feet.

Seed oil used as emollient application to the head and as a means of relieving

headache. Oil also administered internally.

Area of collection: Paniyali

Herbarium no.: 410

91. Botanical name: Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb.

Family: Lythraceae

Local name: Kantajaru

Vernacular names: Hindi - Karra, Kaura; Bengali -Kurchi; Assamese – Dudcory.

Habitat: It may vary from well drained to occasionally flooded but not peat soil.

Description: A medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree. Leaves elliptic

or oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, acuminate. Flowers large, 5-7.5 cm across,

showy, mauve purple, in large, terminal panicles, Fruits a subglobose capsule.

Flowering period: Early spring.

Part/ parts used: Leaves, fruits, bark, roots.

Medicinal use:

Leaves posess hypoglycaemic activities.

The fruits are used as a local application for aphthae of the mouth.

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 The seeds are narcotic.

The bark and leaves are purgative.

Roots are consideredastringent, stimulant and febrifuge.

All parts of the plant, particularly old leaves and ripe fruits, contain hypoglycaemic

principles having activity equivalent to 6-7 units of insulin.

Area of collection: Chareri

Herbarium no.: 236

92. Botanical name: Lawsonia alba Lam.

Family: Lythraceae

Local name: Mehandi

Vernacular names: Hindi: Mehedi. English: Henna, Samphire.

Habitat: It is found in cultivated habitat.

Description: A middle sized or large, much-branched shrub, sometimes tree-like,

branches 4 angled, usually ending in a sharp point. Leaves opposite, and sharp-
pointed. Flowers small, white or pinkish, fragrant, in terminal large bunches. Fruit

small, size of a pea, round; seeds many.

Flowering period: In winter.

Part /parts used: Leaves.

Medicinal use:

The flowers are usually white and have a fragrance which is used in perfumes, and

they are also steeped in vinegar and then applied in a poultice to foreheads to

relieve headaches.

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 Henna is used on feet to relieve the prickly, burning sensation in winter on the

soles of feet.

The roots are used in traditional medicine to treat gonorrhea and to increase a

woman’s fertility, while made into a decoction they are used as a diuretic and for

bronchitis.

The leaves and flowers is used externally for skin problems, rheumatism and taken

orally for tetanus, epilepsy and stomach problems.

The leaves are also used to treat leprosy, jaundice and scurvy (vitamin c

deficiency) and a leaf decoction is used to regulate a women’s menstruation and to

bring on a period.

A decoction of the leaves is given to relieve abdominal pains after childbirth too.

In some countries a tisane of the leaves is given to people who are obese to aid

weight loss.
Area of collection: Chabutra

Herbarium no.: 380

93. Botanical name: Lepidium ruderale Linn.

Family: Brassicaceae
Local name: Peppergass

Vernacular names: English: narrow-leaf pepperwort, roadside pepperweed ;

Deutsch: Schutt-Kresse.
Habitat: Yards, gardens, edges of streets, paths, market squares, fields, waste ground,

occasionally railways.

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Description: Annual herb with height 10–20 cm. Leaves: Alternate, lowest soon

falling, central and upper leaves stalkless. Flower: Corolla regular, very small. Fruit:

2-seeded only shallowly notched, almost wingless.

Flowering period: June–August.

Part /parts used: whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

The plant is used in the treatment of impetigo.

An aqueous extract of the herb causes a drop in blood pressure and depresses

respiration.
Area of collection: Jalari

Herbarium no.: 51

94. Botanical name: Leucas cephalotes Spreng.

Family: Lamiaceae

Local name: Guma, Dronapuspi.

Vernacular names: Sanskrit : Dronpushpi; Hindi : guma, goma; Marathi : tuba;

Gujarat : kubi.
Habitat: Found as a weed in cultivated fields, wastelands.

Description: An annual, erect stout herb, about 0.6-0.9 m in high . Leaf - Yellowish-

green, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, subacute, more or less pubescent. Inflorescence -

Sessile, white, crowded in dense.

Flowering period: winter season.

Parts used: Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

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 It is used fevers and urinary tract infections.

It is a valuable drug for snake bite.

The juice extracted from leaves is used to cure skin problems.

The flowers mixed in honey is used as domestic remedy for cough and colds.

Dronpushpi is valuable homoeopathic drug and as such is used for the treatment of

chronic malaria and asthama .

Area of collection: Har

Herbarium no.: 195

95. Botanical name: Mallotus philippensis Muell.-Arg.

Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local name: Kamal
Vernacular names: English : Monkey-face Tree; Hindi: Kamala, Kampillaka, Kapila,

Shendri.
Habitat: It is found near the cultivated bed at low altitude.

Description: Evergreen tree up to 12 m tall. Trunk is straight, often fluted, bark pale

grey, smooth when young. Leaves simple, alternate and spiral, with minute red

glandular hairs below, elliptic to narrowly ovate, apex acuminate, base acute with 2

glands, margin entire. Flowers arranged in a many-flowered inflorescence.

Flowering period: September-November.

Part / Parts used: The leaves, fruits and seed oil are used.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves are bitter, cooling and appetizer.

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 Fruit is heating, Purgative, anthelmintic, vulnerary, detergent, maturant,

carminative, alexiteric and useful in treatment of bronchitis, abdominal diseases.

The crushed glandular hairs of its fruit is known as ‘kamela’ powder is used as

anthelmintic, cathartic and styptic.This powder is mixed with sweet oil, is used as

ointment to ring worm’pityriasisand freckles.

It is used internally in leprosy and snake-bites.

It is also applied over syphilitic ulcers and used in herps.

It is also effective in weeping enzyme and in low doses is in given internally to

reduce the fertility in females.

The fruit powder of this plant along with curd is given as wormicide.

This is with ‘whey’ is used in stomachaches.

Area of collection: Padroon

Herbarium no.: 178

96. Botanical name: Malvastrum coromandelianum Garcke

Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Bala

Vernacular names: English: False Mallow, Broom weed, Clock plant, Prickly

malvastrum ; Hindi: Kharenti ; Marathi: Chandiri; Kannada: Sannabindige gida.

Habitat: Adjacent to swamps, around springs, on disturbed levee crest.

Description: It is a strong-stemmed, woody-rooted herb, growing to 1 m tall. Leaves

are ovate or ovate-elliptic 3-nerved from base. Flowers are yellow. Fruit is about 6

mm broad, seeds kidney-shaped.

Flowering period: It flowers in summer.

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Parts used: Leaves .

Medicinal uses:

Ulceroprotective and antipyretic plant .

Decoction are given in dysentery.

Area of collection: Kanchi mod

Herbarium no.: 347

97. Botanical name: Melia azedarach Linn.

Family: Meliaceae

Local name: Darek

Vernacular names: English: Chinaberry tree, Persian lilac, Pride of India, Bead tree,

Lilac tree ; Hindi: Bakain ;Manipuri: Seizrak ; Marathi: Bakan-nimb .

Habitat: invades along road rights of way, fencerows, and other disturbed areas. It

has also been found in upland, grasslands, woodlands.

Description: It is a deciduous tree with purplish, reddish bark. It is able to grow to 50

feet in height. Leaves are alternate and 2 to 3 times compound. Leaflets have serrated

edges and are 1 to 3 inches long.Flowers are yellow to yellow-green round drupes.

The fruits are mucilaginous and sticky.

Flowering period: In spring.

Part /parts used: Fruits, leaves, bark of roots and bark of trunk.

Medicinal uses:

Root decoction or fluid extract used as anthelmintic.

Root bark used as vermifuge; also used for intermittent fevers and dysentery.

Root bark used as a cathartic and emetic.

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Root bark used for malaria.

Infusion of bark used as febrifuge especially for periodic fevers; also, for thirst and

nausea.

Poultice of bark used in leprosy and scrofulous ulcers.

Leaves used in a variety of forms - poultice, wash, ointment or liniment - as

external applications to ulcers and skin diseases

Crushed leaves used as poultice for boils and sores.

Internally, infusion of fresh leaves used as a bitter vegetable tonic and alterative.

(The stools noticed to become a brilliant yellow after use.) Infusion also used for

chronic malarial fevers; and as a powerful alterative for chronic syphilitic

infections.

Decoction of leaves used for ; also, for hysteria.

Juice of leaves used internally as anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic, and

emmenagogue.

Decoction of leaves used as astringent, anthelmintic and stomachic.

Paste of flowers used to destroy headlice and associated scalp eruptions. Also, used

for prickly heat.

Poultice of flowers and leaves applied for nervous headaches.

Fruit used as purgative and emollient; useful for intestinal worms, urinary

affections and piles.

Fruit is considered both tonic and poisonous, and used for leprosy and scrofula; the

fruit pulp used as anthelmintic. (The pulp of the fruit, mixed with grease, is

reported to kill dogs.)

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Area of collection:Jamnoti.

Herbarium no.: 365

98. Botanical name: Melochia corchorifolia Linn.

Family: Sterculiaceae
Local name: chitrabee

Vernacular names: English: Chocolate Weed.

Habitat: It is typically seen in the wastelands. It has been most frequently observed to

grow in open areas, such as highways.

Description: It is a herb or undershrub, 1.5-2 ft or more, with hollow stems, which are

erect or sometimes prostrate. Small flowers are white or sometimes yellowish or

pinkish. Flowers occur in terminal clusters. Leaves are ovate, rounded or very slightly

cuneate at base, pointed at the tip.

Flowering period: June–August.

Part /parts used: leaves

Medicinal uses:

The leaves are used to reduce ulcers, abdominal swelling, and headache and chest

pain.

The plants, its roots and leaves can help with snakebites.

A simple decoction of the leaves is used to stop vomiting and as a mixture for

treating urinary disorders.

A decoction of the roots and leaves is swallowed to treat dysentery.

The sap is applied to heal wounds poisoned by Antiaris.

The plant is also used to relieve gastralgia and headaches.

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Area of collection: Dusarka

Herbarium no.: 260

99. Botanical name: Mentha spicata Linn.

Family: Lamiaceae or Labiatae
Local name: Pudina

Vernacular names: Hindi: pudina; Urdu: paudina.

Habitat: Found growing in waste places, usually in damp soils and sunny positions.

Description : Perennial herb with creeping root system, sends up erect, square stems

to about 2 feet high. The leaves are short-stalked, lance-shaped, wrinkled, and bright

green, with finely serrate edges. The small flowers are arranged in whorls or rings on

spikes in the axils of the upper leaves, pinkish or lilac in color.

Flowering period: flowers bloom in late June through August.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, essential oil

Medicinal uses:

Externally the stems are crushed and used as a medicinal poultice on bruises.

The essential oil in the leaves, is a great rub for stiffness, muscle soreness and

rheumatism.

The oil also a powerful antiseptic and should not be taken in large doses.

Used in indigestion gas and colic.

It is used in creams and lotions to get rid of itching.-specially in case of purities,

decongesting the skin and to lesser degree achne as well.

A poultice prepared from the leaves is said to remedy tumours.

It is also used in painful menstruation.

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Area of collection: Samtana

Herbarium no.: 1

100. Botanical name: Momordica charantia Linn.

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Local name: Karela

Vernacular names: English :bitter gourd; Hindi : karela; Sanskrit : karvellak.

Habitat: It is cultivated.

Description: It is 10 to 20 cm. long, tapering at the ends and covered with blunt

tubercles. The seeds are white in raw fruits and become red when they are ripe.
Flowering period: Summer.

Part / parts used: Fruit.

Medicinal uses:
• The bitter gourd is specifically used as a folk medicine for diabetes.
• Juice of the fresh leaves of bitter gourd is valuable in piles.
• It is highly beneficial in the treatment of blood disorders like blood boils, scabies,

itching, psoriasis, ring-worm and other fungal diseases.

• The plant roots are used in folk medicine for respiratory disorders from ancient

times.
• Leaf juice is beneficial in the treatment of alcoholism.
• Fresh juice of leaves of bitter gourd is also an effective medicine in early stages of

cholera and other types of diarrhoea during summer.

Area of collection: Ghalol

Herbarium no.: 2
139
101. Botanical name: Moringa Oleifera Lamk.
Family: Moringaceae

Local name: Tatplang, Sahijan .

Vernacular names: Hindi: Sahjan ; English : Moringa, Drumstick tree, Horseradish

tree ; Latin : Moringa oleifera ; Sanskrit : Surajana;Tamil : Amukira ; Marathi

:Shevga ; Gujarati : Saragvo; Bengal: Sojne danta; Punjabi : Surajana .

Habitat: Found wild in the sub-Himalayan tract.

Description : Short, slender, deciduous, perennial tree, to about 10 m tall. Leaves

feathery, pale green, compound, tripinnate, with many small leaflets. Flowers fragrant,

white or creamy-white. Pods pendulous, brown, triangular, splitting lengthwise into 3

parts .
Flowering period: In spring.

Part / Parts used: Leaves, seeds, bark, root bark, pods.

Medicinal uses :

The root bark used for poor circulation, to increase appetite and stimulate digestive

system and also taken as a tonic.

Root bark is ground and mixed with salt to form a poultice which is administered

for rheumatism and muscular pains, and the bark is considered as antiscorbic.

Leaves possess anti-inflammatory, anodyne, ophthalmic, anthelmintic properties

and they are rich in Vitamin A, C and D. They are useful in scurvy, wounds,

tumors, inflammations and helminthasis, act as a general tonic for infants.

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 The leaf of Moringa is 7 times vitamin C of the orange, 4 times Calcium of the

milk, 4 times vitamin A of the carrots, 3 times potassium of bananas and 2 times

protein of the yoghurt

Moringa as tonic for children; prepare a cupful of moringa fresh leaf juice or 5-10

grams of powdered leaves, heat it – water bath temperature. Such glass of juice is

administered in growing kids as a daily tonic.

For high acidity of the urine, myxoedema, toxaemia of pregnant women, dropsy

due heart, liver, kidney disorders, hypertension, constipation, excessive thirsty due

to diabetes; make a mixture of leaf powder or fresh leaves, carrot and cucumber

juice, warm it to water bath temperature along with a little amount of water and
drink 2-3 glasses twice a day.

Moringa contracts uterine muscles, eases child bath, prevents sluggishness, and

reduces excessive blood loss and postparmatum complaints if taken by expectant

mother (Pregnant women).

For poor memory, night blindness, poor hearing, hiccups, vertigo, bleeding piles,

indigestion and morning sickness; prepare the juice out of powdered Moringa

fruits, add a little amount of honey and take it at bed time

For syncope; Squeezed juice out of fresh leaf is used as a nasal drop.
Area of collection: Gujran da gam

Herbarium no.:123

102. Botanical name: Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) D.C.

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Gazal bel .

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Vernacular names: English: Cowitch Plant (Kuhili); Sanskrit and Hindi: Kavach,

Kapikachhu, Atmagupta Naikaranam, Kawanch, Kewach.

Habitat: It is frequently found on waste lands.

Description: The plant is an annual, climbing shrub with long vines that can reach

over 15 m in length. The leaves are tripinnate, ovate, reverse ovate, rhombus-shaped

or widely ovate. The flowers are white, lavender or purple. Its seed pods are covered

in loose, orange hairs.The seeds are shiny black or brown.

Flowering period: September-October.

Part /parts used: Pods, roots, seeds and hair.

Medicinal uses:

The pods are anthelmintic and considered most active against Taenia caunia and T.

paraphistomum.

The plant and its extracts have been long used in tribal communities as a toxin

antagonist for various snakebites.

Seeds have also been found to have antidepressant properties in cases of depressive

neurosis when consumed.

Formulations of the seed powder have shown promise in the management and

treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Dried leaves are sometimes smoked as an important brain chemical involved in

mood, sexuality, and movement.

The hairs lining the seed pods and the small spicules on the leaves and the calyx

below the flowers is also a source of itchy spicules and the stinging hairs on the

outside of the seed pods are used in itching powder.

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 The roots are diurectic and nervine tonic and their decoction is beneficial in urinary

problems.

A strong infusion of its roots mixed with honey is given in cholera.

Roots are powdered and made into a paste that is applied to the body in dropsy.

A piece of cloth dipped in decoction of its roots is inserted in vasina as, yoni

sanchochan yog to make contractive.

The piece of root is also tied over wrist in dropsy and seeds are applied over

scorpion stings.

The paste of its leaves with water is used to heal ulsers.

The hair after prolonged heating are used in form of an infusion in case of gall and

liver disorders.
Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 150

103. Botanical name: Murraya koenigii Linn.

Family: Rutaceae

Local name: Gandla

Vernacular names: Assamese: Narsinghs, Bisharhari; Hindi: Kathnim, Mitha neem,

Curry or kurry patta, Gandhela, Bareanga; Bengali: Barsanga, Kariphulli; Gujarati:

Goranimb, Kadhilimbdo; Punjabi: Curry patta; Sanskrit: Krishna nimba; Tamil:

Karivempu, Karuveppilei.
Habitat: Found on pasture lands.

143
Description: It is a small tree, growing 4–6 m tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm diameter.

The leaves are pinnate, with leaflets. They are highly aromatic. The flowers are small,

white, and fragrant. The small black shiny berries

Flowering period: Late spring to early summer.

Part / Parts used: The leaves, the bark and the roots

Medicinal uses:

The leaves, the bark and the roots can be used as a tonic and a stomachic.

The bark and the roots are used as a stimulant by the physicians.

They are also used externally to cure eruptions and the bites of poisonous animals.

The green leaves are stated to be eaten raw for curing dysentery, and the infusion
of the washed leaves stops vomiting. Traditional Used:

Gastrointestinal Diseases
Area of collection: Lambloo.

Herbarium no.: 120

104. Botanical name: Nepeta cataria Linn.

Family: Lamiaceae

Local name: Bili padina

Vernacular names: English: Catmint, Catnip, Catnep, Catswort.

Habitats: Roadsides and near streams. Hedgerows, borders of fields, dry banks and

waste ground.
Description: It is an aromatic perennial herb that grows to 1 metre. The stems are

erect, square and branching. Serrated ovate leaves have a down covered underside

with a hairy upper surface, giving them a grey-green appearance. They are arranged in

144
an opposite fashion. Small flowers ranging from white to pale blue with crimson

speckles, exist is tight worls.

Flowering period: From Jul to November.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, flowers.

Medicinal uses:

It has an effective calming, mild sedative and stimulating properties. It is used in

treating fevers, colds, headaches, eye inflammation, diarrhea and stomachaches,

vomiting, chills, boils and swellings.

A decoction of catnip is sweetened with honey and taken for relieving coughs and

colds, easing gas, spasm, colic, hemorrhoids and allergies, and considered good in

treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.

The oil or a poultice of the leaves is administered for treating bruises, scalp

irritations, sore breasts, tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis and skin lesions.

An infusion produces free perspiration, it is considered to be beneficial in the

treatment of fevers and colds[.

It is also very useful in the treatment of restlessness and nervousness, being very

useful as a mild nervine for children. The infusion is also applied externally to

bruises, especially black eye.

Area of collection: Beh

Herbarium no.: 99

105. Botanical name: Nerium oleander Mill.

Family: Apocynaceae

Local name: Kaner

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Vernacular names: English: Oleander ; Hindi: Kaner ; Manipuri: Kabirei ; Tamil:

Arali; Bengali: Raktakarabi.

Habitat: Found mostly in seasonally dry rocky watercourses, in full sun.

Description: It is an evergreen shrub (or small tree) that grows to approximately 6 m.

A sticky latex is exuded if the stem is cut. Leaves are usually in groups of three and

narrowly lanceolate. The flowers are tubular with five lobes, red or pink in the wild,

but in addition may be white, cream, yellow or purple.

Flowering period: Throughout the year.

Part /parts used: Root, leaves, fruits.

Medicinal uses:

Crush leaves, mixed with oil and apply on lesions. Do not apply on raw surface.

Ringworm: Chop a foot long branch and mix with 1 cup chopped fresh young

leaves. Mix the juice with 5 drops of fresh coconut oil. Apply 3 times daily.

Snake bites: Pound 10 leaves and a piece of branch. Apply poultice to the wound.

Root used, locally for procuring criminal abortion.

Past of bark of the roots is applied externally for ringworm.

Used in leprosy, skin eruptions, and boils.

Roots are used for asthma.

Leaves used in the treatment of malaria and dysmenorrhea; also used as

abortifacient.

Roots, made into paste with water, used for hemorrhoids.

Leaves and bark used externally for eczema, snake bites and as insecticide;

internally, used for epilepsy.

146
 Dried leaves used as sternutatory.

Infusion of leaves and fruit used a cardiac regulator .

Area of collection: Kunah khad.
Herbarium no.: 10

106. Botanical name: Ocimum basilicum Linn.

Family: Lamiaceae

Local name: Tulsi

Vernacular names: Hindi, Gujarati, Bengali : Barbari tulsi; Marathi : Tulasa ; Tamil

: Thulasi ; Telugu : Tulasi ; Malayalam : Trittavu.

Habitats: Long cultivated so found in cultivated beds.

Description: Basil is a low-growing (30-100 cm), annual plant. It has a square,

slightly hairy stem and ovate, entire to slightly toothed leaves. Leaves vary in color:

from bright green to dark purple. Flowers also vary in color: white, pink or red.
Flowering period: Aug to September.

Part /Parts used: Leaves and seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Basil oil is a good tonic for the treatment of nervous disorders and stress related

headaches, migraines and allergies.

It is used to clear the mind and relieve intellectual fatigue, while giving clarity and

mental strength.

It has a beneficial action on the respiratory tract and is often used for asthma,

bronchitis and sinus infections.

147
 It furthermore is also effective in cases of constipation, nausea, vomiting and

cramp,

It is also good when used for menstrual problems.

Due to the emmenagogue properties, it is often used to relieve scanty periods and

normalizing menses.

It helps to minimize uric acid in the blood, thus relieving gout. It is useful in

arthritis.

It is effective in digestive disorders, ranging from nausea to hiccups, and for

infections in the respiratory tract.

It is useful for wasp and insect bites, particularly that of mosquito

It is used on the skin, to control acne. In general it refreshes the skin.

It is also used on insect bites.

It is used to cooling down the fever.

Area of collection: Temple Dhaneta.

Herbarium no.: 59

107. Botanica name: Ocimum canun Sims.

Family: Lamiaceae

Local name: Kali tulsi.

Vernacular names: English : Holy Basil; Hindi: Kali Tulsi, Manjari, Ram tulsi.
Habitat: warm weather regions and flourishes in areas where the weather is warm for

a much longer time. They also require ample amounts of water to thrive.

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Description: This annual plant grows to a height of 2 feet. Its leaves are tiny and

fuzzy and and have beautiful violet or white flowers, having a sweet scent resembling

that of the clove. The leaves are opposite and toothed.

Flowering Period : After rainy season.

Part /parts used : Seeds and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The seeds may provide dietary fiber or reduce constipation.

The herb has known antibacterial, anti fungal, and antiviral properties and acts like

an analgesic and rubefacient.

It works as a great mosquito repellent to prevent malaria and dengue fever.

it is highly useful in treating various types of diseases and in lowering blood

glucose, especially in type 2 diabetes levels.

The herb can be used to treat colds, fevers, parasitic infestations on the body and

inflammation of joints and headaches.

The traditional medicine recognized its value in the treatment of fevers, dysentary

and tooth problems.

It was used as an insect repellent to counter the insect damages post harvest.

Area of collection: Temple Dhaneta.

Herbarium no.: 150

108. Botanical name: Oxalis corniculata Linn.

Family: Oxalidaceae

Local name : Maroli , changari

149
Vernacular names: English : Indian sorrel; Hindi : Tinapatiya, Amrulsak; Malayalam

: Puliyaral, Puliyarila.
Habitat: It is commonly found in moist and cultivated places, open land and

surrounding rice field.

Description: It is a diffuse and creeping perennial herb with ascending or sub erect

branches. Leaves are trifoliate ,long petioled and stipulate;leaflets are obcordate.The

flowers are yellow and borne in 2-8 flowered umbeliform inflorescence.The fruits are

oblonge capsule, narrow to apex,5angled.Seeds are many and dark brown.

Flowering period: It occur almost throughout the year, mainly during July-october.

Part /parts used: Whole plant and its leaves are used.

Medicinal uses:

The entire plant is considered antiscorbutic and its fresh juice is used in anaemia

and piles.

Its leaves are antidiarrhoea, antipyretic ,appetizing, digestive and refrigent .

An infusion of leaves is used to cure opacity of the cornea and their juice is given

to counteract poisoning of Datura.

It is used in the treatment of influenza, fever, urinary tract infections, enteritis,

diarrhea, traumatic injuries, sprains and poisonous snake bites.

An infusion can be used as a wash to rid children of hookworms.

The plant is a good source of vitamin C and is used as an antiscorbutic in the

treatment of scurvy.

The leaves are used as an antidote to poisoning by the seeds of Datura spp., arsenic

and mercury.

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 The leaf juice is applied to insect bites, burns and skin eruptions. It has an

antibacterial activity.
Area of collection: Bakhroon.

Herbarium no.: 47

109. Botanical name: Papaver rhoea Linn.

Family: Papaveraceae
Local name: Poppy

Vernacular names: English: Corn poppy; Hindi: Khas-Khas; Manipuri: Kaba.

Habitat: A common weed of cultivated land and waste places, avoiding acid soils.

Becoming far less frequent on cultivated land due to modern agricultural practices.
Description: Papaver rhoeas is an annual growing to 0.6 m. The flowers are red, pink,

etc.The characteristic fruit type of Papaver is the unilocular capsule.

Flowering period: June to August.

Part/parts used : Latex.

Medicinal uses:

The flowers of poppy have a long history of medicinal usage, especially for

ailments in the elderly and children. Chiefly employed as a mild pain reliever and

as a treatment for irritable coughs.

It also helps to reduce nervous over-activity. Unlike the related opium poppy (P.

somniferum) it is non-addictive.

The flowers and petals are anodyne, emollient, emmenagogue, expectorant,

hypnotic, slightly narcotic and sedative. An infusion is taken internally in the

151
 treatment of bronchial complaints and coughs, insomnia, poor digestion, nervous

digestive disorders and minor painful conditions.

The flowers are also used in the treatment of jaundice. The petals are harvested as

the flowers open and are dried for later use. They should be collected on a dry day

and can be dried or made into a syrup.

The latex in the seedpods is narcotic and slightly sedative. It can be used in very

small quantities, and under expert supervision, as a sleep-inducing drug.

The leaves and seeds are tonic. They are useful in the treatment of low fevers.

The plant is used as anticancerous.

Area of collection: Nala of Dhaneta.
Herbarium no.: 47

110. Botanical name: Pavatta indica Linn .

Family: Rubiaceae

Local name: Papari

Vernacular names: Hindi : Papari; Malayalam: Pavatta, Malayamotti.

Habitat: Through out India growing wild in planes.

Descriptions : A small woody shrub grows up to 1 meter in height. Leaves simple,

opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acute-acuminate, pubescence, petiolate and stipulate.

Flowers axillary or terminal cymes, white, fragrant and small. Fruits ovoid drupes.
Flowering period: In late fall.

Part /parts used: Roots, Leaves.

Medicinal uses:

Bark, pulverized or in decoction, is used for visceral obstructions.

152
 Leaves and roots used in poultices for boils and itches.

Decoction of leaves used externally for hemorrhoidal pains.

Bitter roots used for constipation.

Roots, pulverized and mixed with ginger and rice water, used for dropsy.

A local fomentation of leaves used for hemorrhoidal pains.

Roots used for urinary complaints.

Root used as anticephalagic.

Fruits used as anthelmintic.

Decoction of stem used as febrifuge.

Bark decoction used for arthritis.

Roots are aperient and tonic; frequently prescribed in visceral obstructions; along

with ginger and rice water, useful in ascites and renal dropsy. Local fomentation

with the leaves is useful in relieving the pain in haemorrhoidal piles

It is used as diuretic agent.

It is used as diuretic agent and used for visceral obstruction, urinary disease,

jaundice anddropsical affections.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 155

111. Botanical name: Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.

Family: Euphorbiaceae
Local name: Bhumiambla.

Vernacular names: English: Stonebreaker; Hindi name :bhui Amlaki; Sanskrit

name: bhumya amlaki; Gujarati: bhui amliki.

153
Habitat: Found in central and southern India.It is frequently found on waste land.

Description: The plant, reaching around 2 feet.The leaves are large at the tip and

smaller towards the petiole. Flowers are greenish white, minute and appear at axiles of

the leaves, as well as the seed capsules. Numerous small green-red fruits, round and
smooth, are found along the underside of the stems, which are erect and red.
Flowering period : July to August.

Part /Parts used : Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

The fresh root is believed to be an excellent remedy for jaundice.

Fruits useful for tubercular ulcers, wounds, sores, scabies and ringworm.

A poultice of the leaves with salt cures scabby affection and without salt applied

on bruise and wounds.

Genito-urinary system: plant is employed in gonorrhea, menorrhagia and other

genito urinary troubles

Liver and spleen: decoction and powder is used in jaundice

Infusions of the leaf are taken for jaundice, gonorrhea and urinary tract infection,

young shoots for dysentery,

leaf and root are drunk for dyspepsia, colic, cough, indigestion, diabetes and also

made into a poultice with rice water which is used to lessen edema and skin ulcers.

It possesses cooling effects, and alkaloids, essential oil, resins and nitrates.

It is also used in treating gout, kidney disorders and impotence.

Root produced good result on body, lepsory and ring worm and hair treatment.

This root extract mix with body massage oil, hair oil and body lotion.

154
 Use of Bhuiamla in eliminating renal stones

Use of Bhuiamla in hypertension.

After mixing with goat milk it is used as liver tonic.

Area of collection: Bakhroon.

Herbarium no.:100

112. Botanical name: Physalis minima Linn.

Family : Solanaceae

Local name: Rasbhari

Vernacular names: English: Ground Cherry, Sunberry ; Hindi: Rasbhari, Ban

Tipariya, Chirpati ; Marathi: Chirboti, Nanvachivel, Ran-popti ; Tamil: Kupanti ;

Malayalam: Notinotta ;Telugu: Kupanti ; Kannada: Gadde hannu ; Bengali:

Bantepariya ; Gujarati: Popti.

Habitat: Common in open, waste places at low altitudes up to 1,600 meters.

Description: An erect, branched, hairy annual herb, growing up to 0.8 meters high.

Leaves are ovate, with pointed tips, rounded or slightly heart-shaped base, nearly
entire or faintly undulately lobed margins. Flowers are solitary and axillary. The fruit

is round, fleshy and edible.

Flowering period: In early summer and continue into late summer.

Part /parts used: Roots, leaves, fruits.

Medicinal uses:

Root is used as vermifuge.

Root extract used for fever.

Decoction of roots also used for diabetes.

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 Poultice of leaves, oiled and heated, applied to ulcers.

Decoction of leaves used for gonorrhea; also, diuretic.

Used for colds and fever, swelling pain of the throat, bronchitis.

Fruit used for gout and also used to infuse vigor.

Plant paste made with rice water used to restore flaccid breasts.

Poultice of fruits used for headaches and intestinal pains.

Dosage: use 15 to 30 gms dried material in decoction. Pounded fresh material may

be used aspoultice or decoction of the same may be used as wash for eczema

infection.

Used as a tonic, diuretic and purgative.

Juice of leaves, mixed with mustard oil and water, used for earaches.

It is used in cough and bronchitis.

It is used as a remedy for spleen disorders.

Area of collection: Tago.

Herbarium no.: 96

113. Botanical name: Pistacia integerrima Stewart

Family: Anacardiaceae

Local name/Hindi name: kakar singhi, kakkar.

Vernacular names: Hindi : kakadshringi; Sanskrit : karkatsinghi; Gujarati :

kakarsinghi.
Habitat: Shows a preference for dry slopes with shallow soils.

Description: It is single stemmed, deciduous tree, up to 25 m tall. Leaves large,

pinnate.Inflorescence red. The fruits are globular, apiculate.

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Flowering period: March-May.

Part /parts used : Galls.

Medicinal uses:

The galls are aromatic, astringent and expectorant and are valued as a remedy for

asthma, phthisis and other ailments of the respiratory tract

They are useful in dysentery.

The galls, are also used in fever, vomitting, loss of apetite, nose bleeding, snake

bites, and scorpion stings.

Useful in asthama, cough, and other diseases of respiratory tract.

The oil is used as a carminative. In moderate doses, it has an antispasmodic action

on involuntary muscles inhibiting excessive peristaltic movements of intestine.

Area of collection: Jhaniyari ki dhar.

Herbarium no.:134

114. Botanical name : Plantago ovata Husk

Family: Plantaginaceae
Local name: Isabgol.

Vernacular names: English : spogel; Hindi : isabgol; Sanskrit: ashwagol.

Habitat: Found in many different habitats, most commonly in wet areas like seepages

or bogs.
Description: It is an annual herb that grows to a height of 12 to 18 in. Leaves are

born alternately opposite, linear or linear lanceolate on the stem. A large number of

flowering shoots arise from the base of the plant. Flowers are numerous, small, and

white. Seeds are translucent and concavo-covex.

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Flowering period: Plants flower about 60 days after planting.

Part /parts used: Leaves and seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Externally, a poultice of the leaves is useful for insect bites, poison-ivy rashes,

minor sores, and boils and to cure snakebite.

Internally, it is used for coughs and bronchitis, as a tea, tincture, or syrup.

Plantain seed husks expand and become mucilaginous when wet, which is used in

common over-the-counter bulk laxative and fiber supplement products such as

Metamucil.

Seed is useful for constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, dietary fiber

supplementation, and diverticular disease.

Mucilage is obtained by grinding off the husk. This mucilage, also known as

Psyllium, is commonly sold as Isabgol, a laxative which is used to control irregular

bowel syndrome and constipation.

Area of collection: Baleta

Herbarium no.: 241

115. Botanical name: Plumbago rosea Linn.

Family: Plumbaginaceae

Local name: Chitrak

Vernacular names: Hindi: Chitrak.

Habitat: Throughout India in moist places; growing wild, also cultivated.

Description : A pretty perennial shrub with semi woody stems and numerous

branches. Leaves simple alternate, oblong-lanceolate and acute; flower red, in long

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terminal spikes. Roots are cylindrical irregularly bent having transverse shallow

fissures at bents.
Flowering period: In Winter.

Part /parts used: Roots .

Medicinal uses :

It is used gastric stimulant and appetizer; in large doses it is acro-narcotic poison.

Locally it is vasicant.

It has a specific action on the uterus.

Root is said to increase the digestive power and promote appetite.

Plumbagin stimulates the central nervous system in small doses, while with larger
doses paralysis sets in leading ultimately to death. The blood pressure shows a

slight fall.

Plumbagin is a powerful irritant and has well marked antiseptic properties.

In small doses, the drug is a sudorific; large doses cause death from respiratory

failure.

A liniment made from bruised root mixed with a little bland oil is used as a
rubefacient in rheumatism, paralytic affections, in enlarged glands, buboes etc.

This herb cures certain cases of leucoderma. It is also useful for other skin diseases

and for scorpion-sting.

Scraped root is introduced into the mouth of the womb to procure illegal abortion.

It will expel the fetus from the womb whether dead or alive.

A tincture of the root is used in secondary syphilis, in leprosy, and also in

dyspepsia, piles, flatulence, loss of appetite and other digestive complaints.

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Area of collection: Paniyali.

Herbarium no.: 173

116. Botanical name: Polygonus plebeium R.Br.

Family: Polygonaceae
Local name: Lal buti

Vernacular names: English: Small Knotweed ; Hindi: Machechi ; Manipuri:

Tarakmana ; Marathi: Gulabi Godhadi; Bengali: Chemti sag ; Oriya: Muthisag ;

Gujarati: Zinako Okhrad ; Sanskrit: Sarpakshee.

Habitat: It is found scattered on waste land.

Description: Prostrate annual herb, much-branched, glabrous; stems up to 35 cm

long. Leaves alternate, simple; ocrea cylindrical, up to 3 mm long, often silvery-white.

Flowers bisexual. Fruit a trigonous nut ,long, smooth, shiny black.

Flowering period: October-March.

Part /parts used: Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

Plant decoction is given in colic complaints

Pant ash with oil is applied on enzyma.

Powdered herb is given for pneumonia.

The rootstock is used against bowel complaints .

Area of collection: Dhaneta.

Herbarium no.: 353

117. Botanical name: Portulaca quadrifida Linn.

Family: Portulacaceae

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Local name: Goddu

Vernacular names: Single-flowered purslane, small-leaved purslane, ten o’clock

plant, chickenweed (En).

Habitat: Dry waste places.

Description: It is an annual herb. Leaves opposite; petiole absent; leaf blade flat,

ovate, obovate, or ovate-elliptic, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers are solitary.

Flowering period: Year-round.

Part /parts used: Leaves and entire plant.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves are diuretic, used in dysuria and externally applied in erysipelas.

Seeds used as a vermifuge.

Plant used in skin diseases and diseases of the kidneys, bladder and lungs.

Seeds and leaves used for asthma, cough, urinary discharges, inflammations and

ulcers.

Poultice of plant applied to erysipelas, hemorrhoids and abdominal complaints.

Leaves and seeds are used to treat infections or bleeding of the genito-urinary

tract aswell as dysentery.

To relieve sores & insect or snakebites on the skin.

Area of collection: Cheli.

Herbarium no.: 407

118. Botanical name: Punica granatum Linn.

Family: Punicaceae

Local name: Darim

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Vernacular name: Hindi: Dalim, Anar, Bedana; English name: Pomegrante.

Habitat: Himalayas in northern India and has been found in cultivated beds .

Description: An attractive shrub or small tree, to 20 or 30 ft high the leaves are

evergreen or deciduous, opposite or in whorls of 5 or 6, short-stemmed, oblong-

lanceolate. Showy flowers are home on the branch tips singly or as many as 5 in a

cluster.
Flowering period: Jun to September.

Part /parts used: Leaves, seeds, roots bark, flower buds.

Medicinal Uses:

The bark of the stem and root contains several alkaloids including isopelletierine

which is active against tapeworms. Either a decoction of the bark, which is very

bitter, or the safer, insoluble Pelletierine Tannate may be employed.

Because of their tannin content, extracts of the bark, leaves, immature fruit and

fruit rind have been given as astringents to halt diarrhea, dysentery and

hemorrhages.

Dried, pulverized flower buds are employed as a remedy for bronchitis.

A decoction of the flowers is gargled to relieve oral and throat inflammation.

Leaves, seeds, roots and bark have displayed hypotensive, antispasmodic and

anthelmintic activity in bioassay.

It is used externally in the treatment of vaginal discharges, mouth sores and throat

infections.

The dried rind of the fruit is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea

etc.

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 The dried pericarp is decocted with other herbs and used in the treatment of colic,

leucorrhoea.

The fruit is used as a mild astringent and refrigerant in some fevers and especially

in biliousness.
Area of collection: Thapal.

Herbarium no.: 406

119. Botanical name: Puparlia lappac (L.) Juss.

Family: Amaranthaceae

Local name: Chanjeedu.

Vernacular name:-
Habitat: It is found on grassy grounds.

Description: Large straggling undershrub, branches terete. Leaves short-petioled,

broadly ovate to lanceolate acute or subacute. Flowering clusters, clusters remote or

approximate.
Flowering period: September-October.

Part /parts used: Leave, Root, Stem.

Medicinal uses:

Leaves powdered; applied to sores.

Roots boiled; infusion drunk three times daily in syphilis.

Roots boiled; infusion drunk three times daily in snake bites.

Roots boiled; infusion drunk three times daily is purgative.

In case of bone fracture the fresh leaf juice with sesamum oil is applied.

In rat and dog bite the plant paste is applied in the area.

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 Stem is used as tooth brush.

Fruit is applied locally to cuts.

It is mixed with palm oil and applied to dressing boils.

It is given in case of cold and fever in the form of soup.

The ash of burnt plant is mixed with water and taken for flatulence and applied to

leprosy sores after make them bleed.

Area of collection: Bangana.

Herbarium no.: 335

120. Botanical name: Quamoclit pennata Desr.

Family : Convulvulaceae

Local name: Nagar bel.

Vernacular names: English: Cypress vine, Star glory, Hummingbird vine, Cardinal

climber, Cupid's flower, Cypressvine morning-glory, Star of Bethlehem, Sweet-willy,

Indian pink.
Habitat: It is cultivated ornamently.

Description: It is a slender, twining, smooth vine growing 4 to 6 meters or more.

Leaves are ovate, 4 to 7 centimeters long, dark green, and pinnately divided into

numerous, linear, distant segments. Fruit is a capsule, ovoid, with smooth, black seeds.
Flowering period: In winter.

Part /parts used: Leaves, seeds, roots.

Medicinal uses:

Leaves are used as poultices for bleeding hemorrhoids.

Crushed leaves used for carbuncles.

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 Seeds reportedly used as laxative

used as purgative, as snuff, and for snake bites.

Powdered roots given as sternutatory; pounded leaves applied to bleeding piles.

Powdered roots used as sternutatory; pounded leaves used for hemorrhoids, ulcers -

roots are considered an effective sternutatory and the latex used for coryza.

Leaves are used for stabilizing the gravid uterus.

Leaves used for piles and diabetes; the leaf and stem decoction used for fever.

Powdered roots are used in breast pain.

Area of collection: Samtana.

Herbarium no.: 158

121. Botanical name: Randia dumetorum (Retz.)Poir

Family: Rubiaceae

Local name: Rada

Vernacular names: English. : Emetic nut tree; Gujarati. : Mindhal, Mindhola,

Midhola ; Hindi. : Mainphal, Madan.

Habitat: Found in cultivated beds.
Description: A large deciduous thorny shrub grows up to 5 meters of height. Leaves

simple, obovate, wrinkled, shiny and pubescent. Flowers white, fragrant, solitary,

seen on at the end of short branches. Fruits globose, smooth berries with longitudinal

ribs; yellow when ripe. Seeds many, compressed, embedded in the dark fetid pulp.
Flowering period: December- January.

Part /parts used: Fruits, Bark, Root.

Medicinal uses:

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 The pulp of the fruit act as emetic. It is nausceant, expectorant and act as

antihelminthic.

It is also a remedy for the teething ailment in the children.

Seeds are said to be used as tonic.

Bark is astringent and used in diarrhea and dysentery.

The infusion of the bark is abortifacient, sedative and carminative.

The fruits also have abortifacient property.

Area of collection: Kolah.

Herbarium no.: 18

122. Botanical name: Ranunculus sceleratus Linn.

Family: Ranunculaceae

Local name: Jal dhaniya

Vernacular names: Cursed Buttercup, Poisonous buttercup, Celery-leaved buttercup,

Blister buttercup; Hindi: Shim, Aglaon.

Habitat: It grows seasonal on wetland.

Description: This plant is an annual or short-lived perennial.The basal leaves are

oval-cordate or kidney-shaped (reniform) in outline. The alternate leaves on flowering

stems are smaller in size. Seeds are kidney-shaped with short beaks.
Flowering period: May to September.

Part /parts used: whole plant, leave, seed.

Medicinal uses:

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 The whole plant is acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and emmenagogue

and rubefacient. When bruised and applied to the skin it raises a blister and creates

a sore that is by no means easy to heal.

If chewed, it inflames the tongue and produces violent effects.

The leaves and the root are used externally as an antirheumatic.

The seed is tonic and is used in the treatment of colds, general debility, rheumatism

and spermatorrhoea.

An extract of the leaves can be used as a fungicide.

Area of collection: Anu.

Herbarium no.: 346

123. Botanical name: Raphanus sativus Convar. Lobo

Family: Brassicaceae

Local name: Muli

Vernacular names: Hindi: Muli ; English: Radish, garden radish.

Habitat: It is grown and consumed as a garden vegetable throughout the world.

Description: It is an annual or biennial species. It can vary in size, growing from 10

cm to 1.8 meters in height. They can have red, pink, green and even black skin, and

white or red fleshy part. Leaves are rough, green and lobed, toothed along the
margins. Flowers are cross-shaped varying in color: white, violet, pink or purple.
Flowering period: Jun to August.

Part /Parts used: Root.

Medicinal use:

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 It is considered to be an antiseptic, antirheumatic, appetite stimulant, diuretic,

diaphoretic and rubefacient.

Radish is an excellent source of vitamin C, and a powerful immune booster.

It has been used in folk medicine in cases where bile stimulation is needed, and

juice made from the root has been used against stomach disorders.

It is considered to be very effective in cases of sore throat and indigestion.

Area of collection: Sidh.

Herbarium no.: 13

124. Botanical name: Rauwolfia serpentine Benth.

Family: Apocyanaceae
Local name: Sarpgandha

Vernacular names: English: Indian Snakeroot, Insanity herb ; Hindi: Sarpagandha.

Habitat: It is found along the tropical Himalyas.

Description: Sarpgandha is a climbing evergreen shrub, 1-3 feet tall, with elliptical

leaves, red or whit color flowers placed in bunches. The root is crooked in shape,

approximately of 2 cms in diameter and longitudinally striped.

Flowering time: March to May.

Parts used: Root.

Medicinal uses:

It is an important medicine in treatment of insomnia as it has sedative properties.

Roots powder measuring 0.6 gm to 1.25 gm should taken before going to bed.

The herb is highly beneficial in treatment of insanity. Roots powder measuring 1

gm should be mixed in goat’s milk and taken before going to bed. Before taking

168
 the powder, one must ensure to have blood pressure examined. Its consumption is

not suitable for people with low blood pressure.

To counter hysteria, one should take 1 gm powder with milk thrice a day.

Treatment should be continued till complete cure.

Half teaspoon of the powder should be taken each day is effective in relieving

hypertension. To decrease the blood pressure, it is also administered with rose,

arjuna and cardamom.

Nerves relaxation-It is mixed with licorice, gotu kola, brahmi and jatamasi to calm

down the nerves.

It acts as a an active tranquilizer. Hence, it provides nourishment to nerves and

rejuvenates the system.

It improves the circulatory system and dilates the blood vessel and allows easy

flow of blood.

It provides relief from dysmennorhea and relieves spasms and intestinal

inflammations.

Area of collection: Matker

Herbarium no.: 140

125. Botanical name: Ricinus communis Linn.

Family: Euphorbiaceae.

Local name: Arand

Vernacular names: English: Castor ; Sanskrit / Indian : Eranda, Gandharva hasta.

Habitat: It grows naturally along the wet lands.

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Description: It is an evergreen herbaceous or semi-woody large shrub or small tree

that reaches 5 meters tall and 4.5 m wide. leaves alternate, orbicular, palmately

compound; flowers numerous in long inflorescences; fruit a globose capsule; seeds

ovoid and tick..

Flowering period: July to September.

Part /Parts used : Root, Leaves.

Medicinal use:

The leaves have Anti-vatha properties.The leaves can either be given as decoction

or surasam.

The leaves are made into small pieces,then fried in castoroil and used for

formentation in case of arthritis ,over the swollen and painful areas.

The leaves are heated and applied over the breast as a bandage to induce milk

secretion in case of lactating mothers.

For painful abdomen due to constipation, amenorrhoea etc, castor oil is gently

applied externally over lower abdomen. Also the heated leaves of this plant should

be externally applied over this area.

The roots are crushed and prepared as decoction and given for 3-5 days in case of

pricking pain over axilla and increased vatha condition , lumbago,diseases of

abdomen,pain around urinary bladder,

The oil prepared from seeds is castor oil.This oil is used to induce purgation in case

of constipation,intesinal worms in children,eczema and dermatosis.

The dried seed powder is given in dose of about 1 to 2 gm in rheumatism, lumbago,

piles, constipation, diseases of liver, spleen and sciatica etc.

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 For increased iyam or kapha conditions,cough,bronchial asthma etc, 2 parts of

castor oil and 1 part of honey is mixed well and given internally to induce

purgation and produce relief.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.
Herbarium no.: 150

126. Botanical name: Rosa moschata

Family: Rosaceae

Local name: Ban gulab.

Vernacular names: English: Musk Rose ; Hindi: Ban gulab ; Oriya: shatapatri ;

Sanskrit: kubjaka.
Habitat: Found in cultivated beds for ornamental purposes.

Description: It is a shrub up to 3 m tall. The flowers have a characteristic "musky"

scent, emanating from the stamens. The prickles on the stems are straight or slightly

curved and have a broad base. The light- or greyish-green leaves have 5 to 7 ovate

leaflets with small teeth.

Flowering period: June to July.

Part /Parts used : Petals.

Medicinal uses:

Fresh rose petals are more bitter than dried ones, which tend to be more astringent,

recommended mostly for mild diarrhea.

The decoction of red roses made with wine and used, is very good for the headach,

and pains in the eyes, ears, throat, and gums, as also for the fundament, the lower

bowels, and the matrix, being bathed, or put into them.

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 The same decoction with the Roses remaining in it is profitably applyed to the

region of the heart to eas the Inflamation therin; as also St. Anthonies fire, and

other diseases of the stomach.

Being dried and beaten to powder, and taken in steeled wine or water, it helpeth to

stay womens courses. rose petals astringency has been employed to stop bleeding

and to inhibit unnatural fluxes.

Teas or decoctions have been used to treat colds, bronchial infections, gastritis,

diarrhoea, and as a tonic to lift depression and lethargy.

Externally, they have been used to treat eye infections (eye wash), sore throats,

laryngitis and stomatitis (gargle) as well as minor injuries and skin problems.
Rosewater was also much used, especially to treat sore and inflamed eyes and also

for skin conditions.

Rose oil is said to ally emotional pain that arises from insecurity and lack of self-

love, such as jealousy, possessiveness, disappointments and sadness caused by

inappropriate or excessive attachment, fear of letting go, heartaches and depression.

Area of collection: Tago

Herbarium no.: 21

127. Botanical name: Rumex acetosella Linn.

Family: Polygonaceae

Local name: Kabuli Keekar

Vernacular names: English : sheep sorrel.

Habitat : Fields, waste ground, glades, roadsides, railroads.

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Description: It is a herb-50cm tall. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, sheathing.

Inflorescence is terminal paniculate.

Flowering period: May - September.

Part /parts used: whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

It is a detoxifying herb, the fresh juice of the leaves having a pronounced diuretic

effect.

It is mildly laxative and holds out potential as a long term treatment for chronic

disease, in particular that of the gastro-intestinal tract.

The whole plant, used in the fresh state, is diaphoretic, diuretic and refrigerant.

A tea made from the leaves is used in the treatment of fevers, inflammation and

scurvy.

The leaf juice is useful in the treatment of urinary and kidney diseases.

A leaf poultice is applied to tumours, cysts etc, and is a folk treatment for cancer.

A tea made from the roots is astringent and is used in the treatment of diarrhoea

and excessive menstrual bleeding.

Area of collection:Sanahi.

Herbarium no.: 159

128. Botanical name: Rumex dentatus Linn.

Family: Polygonaceace

Local name: Jangli Palak.

Vernacular names: English: toothed dock.

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Habitat: A common roadside weed. It grows in disturbed habitat, often in moist areas,

such as lakeshores and the edges of cultivated fields.

Description: It is an annual or biennial herb producing a slender, erect stem up to 70

or 80 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval with

slightly wavy edges. The inflorescence is an interrupted series of clusters of flowers.
Flowering period: February to May.

Part /parts used: Whole Plant.

Medicinal uses:

Whole Plant in renal disorders.

Rumex plants are used as bactericidal.

It is antitumor, astringent and anti dermatitis,diuretic, cholagogue, tonic and

laxative agents.

Leaves, stems and roots are used to treat pneumonia.

The decoction of roots is used externally to treat skin diseases.

The pollutice of roots is applied to skin itch, ulcers and skin diseases.

Area of collection: Hamirpur road.

Herbarium no.: 113

129. Botanical name: Rumex hastatus D. Don

Family: Polygonaceae

Local name: Khatmith.

Vernacular names: English: Arrowleaf Dock, Yellow Sock, Curled sock ; Hindi:

Churki, churka; Urdu: Khatti Buti.

Habitat: Wasteland, dry slopes and rocks.

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Description: It is Low richly branching shrub. Leaves with petioles of the same

length as the balde; blade hastate, extremely variable in length and breadth, glaucous.

Panicles terminal with erect-divergent, mostly simple branches.

Flowering period: June-October.

Part /parts used: Root, leaf.

Medicinal uses:

Used as flavoring agent, carminative, purgative, astringent and diuretic.

Used in stomachache.

The juice of plant is used for blood pressure.

The leaf extract of plant are applied on wounds and cuts to check bleeding.

Plant is also believed to relieve from suffering of nettle sting.

Root is laxative alternative, tonic, and anti rheumatic and can be used in skin

disease.

The fresh tuber is chewed to relieve aches in the throat.The leaf extract of plant are

applied

Its roots and shoots are used in antiviral and antibacterial activities.

Root extract is used for antidiarrhoel activity.

Decoction of its roots and Qurcus leuctrichopra bark cooked with wheat floor

,sugar and ghee is given twice a day for 4-5 days in backache, asthama and

rheumatism.
Area of collection: Baderar.

Herbarium no.: 242

130. Botanical name: Saussurea heteromalla (D.Don.) Hand

175
Family: Asteraceae

Local name: Murang.

Vernacular names: Hindi: Murang, Kaliziri, Batula.

Habitat: Commonly found in Western Himalayas, at altitudes of 550-4000 m.

Description: It is a perennial herb. Flower-heads are erect, pinkish-purple, borne on

long cottony stalks in open clusters on stems 2-5.5 ft. Flower-heads are, with bracts

lanceshaped, long-pointed. Upper leaves are oblong, entire or toothed. Lower ones are

mostly deeply lobed, white cottony beneath.

Flowering period: March-August.

Part /parts used: Leaf, root, seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Leaf paste with mustard oil is rubbed on leucoderma and wounds.

Root extract is taken for fever and colic.

The seeds are carminative and used for horse-bites.

Fraction of the extract reduced several molecular marks of inflammation.

It is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, cough with cold, stomach-ache,

dysmenorrhoeal, and altitude sickness and has been found to have anti-

inflammatory, cardio tonic, abortifacient, anticancer and anti fatigue actions.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 17

131. Botanical name: Sesban aegyptiaca Poiret

Family: Fabaceae

Local name: Jayanti

176
Vernacular names: Hindi-Jaint, Jayanti; English- common sesban, Aegyptian Rattle

pod.
Habitat: Grows in a wide range of soils from loose sands to heavy clays.

Description : Shrub or short-lived tree up to 8 m tall . Leaves, including a short

petiole, pinnately compound; leaflets. Pod subcylindrical, straight or slightly curved,

straw-coloured, often with a brown or reddish-brown blotch over each septum, 10-15

seeded, glabrous .
Flowering period: In rainy season.

Part /parts used: Leaves, barks and roots.

Medicinal uses:

Fresh root and poultices of leaves have been used for scorpion stings, boils,

abscesses, rheumatic swelling and hydrocele (a collection of watery fluid in a

cavity of the body, especially in the scrotum or along the spermatic cord).

Diarrhoea and excessive menstrual flow are said to be relieved by a concoction of

seeds.

Doses of up to 2 oz. of concoction leaf are used as an antihelminthic against

tapeworms and roundworms in humans. A mixture of ground seed and flour made

into a paste is used for treating ringworms).

The concoction of leaves, barks and roots called "Mubimba" that they use to treat a

wide range of diseases including sore throat, gonorrhoea, syphilis, yaws, fits and

jaundice.

Eating flowers for three days during menstruation inhibits conception.

Area of collection: Paplah.

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Herbarium no.: 19

132. Botanical name: Sida cordifolia Linn.

Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Pilabariyar.

Vernacular names: Hindi: Khirainti, Bariyara; Telugu:Chittamutti, Mattavapulagam;

English: Country Mollow.

Habitat: A weed of pastures, grasslands, open woodlands, crops, roadsides and

mostly found on wet lands.

Description: A semi woody, erect annual or perennial undershrub grows up to 1

meter in height. Leaves are variable, Rhomboid-lanceolate, serrated at apical half;

flowers yellowish white, solitary, found in leaf axils. Fruits schizocarp, enclosed

within the calyx. Seeds brown colored and smooth.

Flowering period: August to September.

Part / Parts used: Roots and seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Plant pacifies vitiated vata, pitta, pain, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, burning

sensation, and urinary retention.

It is used in the treatment of leucorrhoea, gonorrhea, general debility and

rheumatism.

Expressed juice of the whole plant is useful in premature ejaculation.

The juice obtained from the roots is applied to unhealthy sores.

Decoction of the root bark is given in sciatica and rheumatism.

It is widely used in the treatment of weight loss.

178
 Causes a sharp and well marked rise of blood pressure in anaesthetized or

decerebrated animals which is maintained for some time.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic: extracts of the aerial and root

parts and hepatoprotective: aqueous extract.

It is used to cure fever.

The bark is used to cure facial paralysis and sciatica.

Leaves are used to cure bloody flux.

Area of collection: Bharedi

Herbarium no.: 440

133. Botanical name: Sida rhombifolia Linn.

Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Sahadeva

Vernacular names: English: Cuban jute, Jelly leaf, Queensland hemp ; Hindi:

Sahadeva ; Manipuri: Uhal ukabi ; Tamil: Kurundotti ; Malayalam: Vankuruntotti ;

Bengali: Svetbarela ; Guajarati: Baladana ; Marathi: Sadeda ; Assamese: Boriala.

Habitat: Usually confined to waste ground, such as roadsides and rocky areas, stock

camps or rabbit warrens, but can be competitive in pasture, due to its unpalatability to

livestock.
Description: A summer annual with yellow flowers and very small spines at the base

of each leaf and branch. Leaves are arranged alternately along the stem. The leaves

have toothed or serrated margins while the remainder of the leaves are untoothed.

Flowers occur singly on flower stalks.

Flowering period: Throughout the year.

179
Part /parts used: Roots, leaves.

Medicinal uses:

Decoction of the roots is used as a gargle for toothaches; internally, as a stomachic.

Decoction of bitter bark used for fever.

A decoction from any plant part used for irregular menses.

Plant used for poulticing ulcers, boils, swellings, broken bone, cuts, herpes.

Plant poultice used as application for chicken pox.

Pulped leaves applied externally for stomach aches.

Pulped leaves with Blumea balsifera (dalapot) applied externally for headaches,

and to the gums for toothaches.

Plant parts with coconut oil applied externally for itches and scurf.

Decoction of roots used for infantile diarrhea.

The roots when crushed with ginger, held in the mouth, for toothaches.

The leaves and juice, taken by mouth for stomach cramps.

Fresh leaves are mucilaginous and emollinet and a cataplasm used to promote

maturation of abscesses.

Pulped roots applied to sore breasts.

Crushed roots held in mouth for toothaces; also, chewed with ginger.

Juice swallowed for abdominal cramps.

Area of collection: Neri

Herbarium no.: 159

134. Botanical name: Solanum melongena Linn.

Family: Solanaceae
180
Local name: Buari

Vernacular names: English : Brinjal, Aubergine, Eggplant ; Hindi: Baingan ; Tamil:

Kattiri.

Habitat: It grow well in moist places.

Description: It is a delicate perennial often cultivated as an annual. It grows 40 to 150

cm tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves. The stem is often spiny. The flower is white

to purple, with a five-lobed corolla and yellow stamens. The fruit is fleshy, has a

meaty texture.
Flowering period: From Jul to September .

Part /parts used: Leaves, fruits and roots.

Medicinal uses:

The fruit helps to lower blood cholesterol levels and is suitable as part of a diet to

help regulate high blood pressure.

The fruit is antihaemorrhoidal and hypotensive. It is also used as an antidote to

poisonous mushrooms.

It is bruised with vinegar and used as a poultice for cracked nipples, abscesses and

haemorrhoids.

The leaves are narcotic. A decoction is applied to discharging sores and internal

haemorrhages.

A soothing and emollient poultice for the treatment of burns, abscesses, cold sores

and similar conditions can be made from the leaves.

A decoction of the root is astringent.

181
 The ashes of the peduncle are used in the treatment of intestinal haemorrhages,

piles and toothache.

Area of collection: Ghalol.

Herbarium no.: 17

135. Botanical name: Solanum nigrum Linn.

Family: Solanaceae
Local name: Makoy

Vernacular names: English: Black nightshade ; Hindi: Bhalumas; Sanskrit:

Kakmachi.
Habitat : Grows as a weed all over dry parts of India.

Description: It is herbaceous. The leaves are ovate or oblong, sinuate-toothed or

lobed narrowed at both ends; the flowers are white, in drooping umbel-like 3-8
clusters; the berries are red, yellow and black round, the seeds are discoid. smooth,

yellow and minutely pitted.

Flowering period: Through out the year.

Part /parts used : Fruits, Whole Plant.

Medicinal uses :

Taken internally in very small amounts, the leaves strongly promote perspiration

and purge the bowels the next day.

The juice of the fresh herb is sometimes used for fever and to allay pain.

Externally, the juice or an ointment prepared from the leaves can be used for skin

problems and tumors.

The fruit is used as a cosmetic; rubbing the seeds on the cheeks to remove freckles.

182
 Children harmlessly and extensively eat the mature fruit. The fruit has been used

for diabetes.

Decoction of stalk, leaves, roots are good for wounds and cancerous sores.

Freshly prepared extract of the plant is effective in the treatment of cirrhosis of the

liver.

An infusion of the plant is used as an enema in infants having abdominal upsets.

Freshly prepared extract of the plant serves as an antidote to opium poisoning.

Area of collection: Dhaneta.

Herbarium no.:222

136. Botanical name: Solanum surattense Burm L.

Family: Solanaceae

Local name: Kateli

Vernacular names: English: Yellow-Berried Nightshade; Hindi s: Berkateli,

Kantakari.
Habitat: Throughout India, in dry situtations as weed on roadside and wastelands.

Description: Annual, perennial, or tropical herbs or vines with alternate leaves and a

watery sap. The flowers are in cymes or solitary, perfect, showy, 4-5 parted, with thick

yellow anthers. Fruits are fleshy berries.

Flowering period: Throughout the year.

Part / Parts used: Fruits, Whole Plant.

Medicinal uses:

The dried fruit powder is used as an internal medicine and the oil extracted is used

for external application in the treatment of leucoderma.

183
 Useful in cough, asthama, chronic rhinitis, dropsy, acute bronchitis and fever

accompanied with chest affections. It is one of the main ingredients of the drug

formulations for bronchial asthama specially for dislodging tenaceous phelgm.

Root is an expectorant, forming an ingredient of the well-known Ayurvedic

medicine, Dasamula. It is employed in cough, asthma and pains in chest, being

used in the form of a decoction or an electuary.

A paste of seeds in molasses is applied on the eyes of cows and buffaloes to cure

cataract.

The root paste is utlized for the treatment of hernia.

The root and leaf decoction is used in kibe. The plant is reported to possess

antiallergic activity. It forms a constituent of herbal cough remedy koflet

(Himalaya) and is reported to promote expectoration.

Stem, flowers and fruits are bitter and carminative. They are prescribed for relief in

burning sensation in the feet accompanied by vesicular watery eruptions.

Leaves are applied locally to relieve pain.

The juice of berries is used in sore-throat. Like roots, seeds are also administered as

an expectorant in asthma and cough.

The plant is credited with diuretic properties and is used to cure dropsy.

Its juice is mixed with whey, chiretta , and ginger and given in fevers.

The juice of the leaves, mixed with black pepper, is prescribed in rheumatism.
Area of collection: Man khad.

Herbarium no.: 108

137. Botanical name: Solanum torvum Swartz

184
Family: Solanaceae

Local name: Brihad kantkari

Vernacular names: Bengoli: Tit Begun, Gotha Begun, Hat Begun ; Sanskrit: swet

brihati.
Habitat: It occurs along the streams.

Description: It is an erect, branched, half-woody herb, 1 to 3 meters high. Branches

are covered with short, scattered spines, and in most parts with stellate-shaped hairs.

Leaves are alternate, ovate to oblong-ovate, with sinuate-lobed margins, acuminate

with inequality base. Flowers are white.

Flowering period: December to June.

Part/parts: Roots, leaves and fruits.

Medicinal uses:

For stomach ache, pain caused by contusion, internal bruise on the belly muscle -

use 15 to 30 gms of dried drug. Boil to decoction and drink.

Used for amenorrhea, indigestion, gastric pain at the navel, rheumatism-numbness,

sprain contusion, lumbar muscular pains.

Fruit used for poulticing cracks in the feet.

Plant is considered sudorific, diuretic, narcotic and as resolutive, and used for

convulsions, coughs, asthma, gout, rheumatism, syphilis, and skin diseases.

Decoction used in lessen postpartum hemorrhage.

Leaf juice used to reduce body heat and unripe fruits used to strengthen the body.

Infusion of leaves taken orally for antidote use.

Fruit used in cough medicines for children.

185
Area of collection : Suker khad

Herbarium no. : 2

138. Botanical name: Sonchus arvensis Linn.

Family: Asteraceae
Local name: Bhangara.

Vernacular names: English: Field Sow-Thistle, Corn Sow Thistle, Dindle, Field

Sow Thistle, Gutweed, Swine Thistle, Tree Sow Thistle ; Bengali: banpalang ; Hindi:

Chopalu, Sahadevi bari ; Konkani: Gangmula ; Nepali: Banpaling ;Telugu: Jangli

tamaku.
Habitat: In waste places, along trails, in old gardens and on talus slopes.

Description: Perennial herbaceous plant, 2 - 5' tall erect, single stem, branches near

the top into several flower stalks. Broken stems emit a sticky milky bitter juice with a

sour odor.Leaves are Alternate, lower leaves are deeply lobed, upper leaves clasp the

stem; similar to dandelion leaves except with teeth ending in small weak

prickles.Flowers are Bright yellow .

Flowering period: From June through August.

Part /Parts used: Roots, leaves.

Medicinal uses :

Used in dissolving kidney stones.

used for body pain, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, leucorrhea, leprosy, white spots of
the skin, and ringworm.

The leaves are used as a poultice and are said to have anti-inflammatory activity.

An infusion of the leaves has been used in the treatment of caked breasts.

186
 A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of asthma, coughs and other

chest complaints.

A tea made from the leaves is said to calm the nerves

Roots used for jaundice.

Area of collection: Gasota.

Herbarium no.: 246

139. Botanical name: Syzygium cumini Linn.

Family : Myrtaceae

Local name: Jaman

Vernacular names: English: Java plum ; Hindi: Jamun ; Manipuri: Jam ; Tamil:

Nagai.
Habitat: It is found in natural habitats in forests.

Description: An evergreen tropical tree 50 to 100 ft. tall, with oblong opposite leaves

that are smooth, glossy; they have a turpentine smell.The bark is scaly gray and the

trunk forks into multiple trunks about 3 - 5' from the ground. Jamun has fragrant white
flowers in branched clusters at stem tips and purplish-black oval edible berries.
Flowering period: In summer.

Part /parts used: Bark, fruits and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The bark has anti-inflammatory activity and is used for anemia,

The bark and seed for diabetes which reduce the blood sugar level quickly,

The fruit for used in dysentery.

Leave's juice used for gingivitis (bleeding gums).

187
 The whole leaves are used by women as a feminine sitz-bath to shrink the vagina

after giving birth and getting rid of mucus and odors. This bath from the Jamun

leaves is also used at any other time to shrink the vagina.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.
Herbarium no.: 90

140. Botanical name: Tagetes erecta Linn.

Family: Asteraceae

Local name: Genda

Vernacular names: English: Marigold ; Hindi : Genda ; Manipuri: Sanarei ;

Marathi : Jhenduphool .

Habitat: cultivated as a garden ornamental.

Description: Erect annual herb up to 180 cm tall. Leaves opposite in lower part of

plant, alternate in upper part, pinnately compound with 9–17 leaflets; Inflorescence a

solitary terminal head. Fruit an angular achene ,long, black, glabrous or finely hispid,
with pappus of basally connate scales.

Flowering period: It is in flower in July.

Part / Parts used : whole herb.

Medicinal uses:

The whole herb is considered medicinal with anthelmintic, aromatic, digestive,

diuretic, sedative and stomachic properties. It is used internally to treat indigestion,

colic, severe constipation, dysentery, cough and fever, and externally to treat sores,

ulcers, eczema, sore eyes and rheumatism.

188
 Roots are eaten with oysternut (Telfairia pedata) to relieve pain in the sexual

organs.

A decoction of the flowers is drunk against jaundice.

Secretions from the roots have insecticidal and nematicidal effects.

Area of collection: Paniyali

Herbarium no. : 53

141. Botanical name: Taraxacum officinale Linn.

Family: Asteraceae

Local name: Dudhli

Vernacular names: English : Dandelion ; Bengali: Pitachumki ; Hindi: Dudhi, Baran,

dudal, Dudh-batthal, Dudhal ; Kannada: Kaadu shaavanthi ; Ladakhi: Han ;

Malayalam: Dugddhapheni ; Sanskrit: Dugdhapheni, Lootari, Payasvini ; Telugu: Patri

; Urdu: Bathur.
Habitat: It grows in grasslands.

Description: It is a herb. Leaves having narrowly winged petioles or being unwinged,

are oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate in shape with the bases gradually narrowing to

the petiole.The flowers are yellow or orange-yellow in color. The fruits with slender

beaks.
Flowering period: From March until October .

Part /parts used: The leaves, flowers, root.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves are high in vitamin A, vitamin C and iron, carrying more iron and

calcium than spinach.

189
 Flowers are used to make a honey substitute syrup with added lemon. This

"honey" is believed to have a medicinal value, in particular against liver problems.

Root is used principally as a diuretic.

A hepatoprotective effect of chemicals extracted from root has been reported.

The plant is known for its ability to treat jaundice, cholecystitis and cirrhosis.

Also affects the digestive system by acting as a mild laxative, increasing appetite,

and improving digestion.

Area of collection: NIT Campus.

Herbarium no.: 243

142. Botanical name: Tecoma stans Linn.

Family:Bignoniaceae

Local name: Sona-patti

Vernacular names: Hindi : Piliya/ Pila kaner ,English: Yellow trumpet.

Habitat: High elevations, hillsides, slopes.

Description: It is a small tree having a hight of 4 meters and leaves are opposite,

imparipinnate.Leaflets are lanceolate to oblong lanceolate and are long acuminate at

apex. The base is acute or acuminate and the margins serrate.The flowers born in

terminal pennicles.The fruits or capsule of the plant is linear.

Flowering period: Almost throughout the year.

Part / Parts used: Root, leave.

Medicinal uses:

Roots are powerful diuretic, vermifuge and tonic.

190
 A grinding of the root and lemon juice is used as a remedy for snake bite, rat bite

and scorpion bite.

Leaves are used as antidiabetic.

Area of collection: GDC Hamirpur.

Herbarium no.: 244

143. Botanical name: Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers.

Family : Fabaceae

Local name: Sarapunkha

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Sharpunka; Hindi : Sarphonka.

Habitat : Throughout India.

Description: A much branched perennial, grows 30-60 cm in height. The leaves are

imparipinnate, leaflets 12-21, lanceolate. The flowers, purple, in racemes. The fruits

are pods.The seeds are grey in color.

Flowering period: winter.

Part / Parts used: The whole plant and its roots.

Medicinal uses:

In edema, skin disorders, glandular swellings like cervical adenitis and filariasis,

the paste of its root is applied on the affected parts.

On traumatic wounds, the juice of its leaves works well.

The root powder is salutary for brushing the teeth. It quickly relieves the dental

pains and arrests bleeding.

The seed-oil is applied externally in various skin diseases like scabies, eczema etc.

191
 In glandular swelling, the root mashed with rice water is used in the form of nasal

drops along with its internal use.

Internally, Sarapunkha is useful in vast range of diseases. It imparts a stimulant

action on the liver, is an appetizer and digestant as well as cholegouge, hence, is

rewarding in digestive disorders like anorexia, flatulence, abdominal pain, tumors,

hemorrhoids, worms, liver and spleen disorders. In such conditions, the roots or

ksara of sarapunkha is salubrious.

In piles, the roots work well, when given with buttermilk.

The smoking of sarapunkha powder is recommended in cough and asthma, as it

possesses mucolytic activity.

The powder of whole plant is given with sugar and water in jaundice. Sarapunkha

is one of the most common ingredients, in liver preparation, available in the

market.

The roots are of great help in dysmenorrheal. Sarapunkha renders a diuretic action

alongwith its anti-microbial activity, hence, is beneficial in Dysurea and urinary

infections. Ascites due to splenic pathogenesis responds well, when the root

powder is given with buttermilk.

The pulp of its roots given with buttermilk reduces the enlarged liver and spleen

very effectively.

The decoction of its roots is given with marica powder, as an adjunct in diabetes.

In fevers due to vitiation of kapha and pitta doshas, it is valuable.

Area of collection: Kasmir.

Herbarium no.: 110

192
144. Botanical name: Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
Family: Combretaceae

Local name: Arjun

Vernacular names: Hindi: Arjun; English: Arjuna; Sanskrit: Arjunah, Dhanvi.

Habitat: Chiefly in deciduous forests.

Description: It is about 20-25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms a

wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. It has oblong,

conical leaves which are green on the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it has

pale yellow flowers.

Flowering period: Between March and June .

Part / parts used : Bark

Medicinal uses:

Improves functioning of the heart.

For lowering Blood Pressure.

Used in hypertension, heart attack, myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery

disease.

Helps in lowering cholesterol levels substantially.

As a supplement and preventive in Ischemic heart disease (reduced blood supply to

the heart).

Has prostaglandin enhancing and coronary threat modulating properties.

For lowering Hypertriglycerides in blood, Arjun enhances the taking away of

cholesterol by accelerating the turnover of LDL or low density lipoprotein

cholesterol in the liver.

193
 Arjun lowers beta-lipoprotein lipids and revives the High Density Lipoprotein

mechanism in hyperlipidemia and inhypercholesterolemia.

Promotes effective cardiac performance by regulating blood pressure and

cholesterol levels.

Strengthen the heart Muscles.

Helps to reduce hardening of the arteries that could lead to atherosclerosis.

Benefits by helping reverse the impaired function of the endothelium of smokers

that could lead to atherosclerosis.

Reduces the effects of stress and nervousness on the heart.

After Heart attack regular use of Arjun decreases the chances of another attack.

Traditionally, use of Arjun for heart disease, is recommended, to be prepared with

milk.

Possesses diuretic properties and has a general tonic outcome in cases of liver

cirrhosis.

Has an anti-oxidant effect.

Used in treating cough and chest related problems.

For treating poisoning and scorpion poison.

Reduces Kapha and Pitta.

It is used in Ulcers and bone fractures externally.

It was given in Capsule form for bloodpressure, twice a day to a patient who had a

long standing hyperacidity problem which became extremely aggravated after 15

days of use.
Area of collection: Thapal
194
Herbarium no.: 273

145. Botanical name: Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Family: Combretaceae

Local name: Behra

Vernacular names: Common: Belliric Myrobalan, Bastard myrobalan, Beach

almond, Bedda nut tree; Hindi: bahera.

Habitat: Commonly found in lower hills, also grown as an avenue tree.

Description: It is a large deciduous tree common on plains and lower hills, where it is

also grown as an avenue tree. The leaves are about 15 cm long and crowded toward

the ends of the branches. The seeds are called bedda nuts.
Flowering period: in May.

Part / parts used: Fruit.

Medicinal uses:

Its fruit is used in rasayana treatment triphala.

Antibacterial activity of leaf gall extracts against some human pathogenic strains.
Area of collection: Paniyali.

Herbarium no.324

146. Botanical name: Terminalia chebula Retz.

Family: Combretaceae

Local name: Harar

Vernacular names: English: Chebulic Myrobalan, Ink Nut; Hindi: Harad; Sanskrit :

Haritaki, Abhaya Pathya.

Habitat: Commonly found in lower hills, also grown as an avenue tree.

195
Description: A large tree, young branchlets, leaf buds, and leaves with long, soft,

shining, rust colored, sometimes silvery hair .Flowers are dull white or yellowish in

color with a strong offensive smell. Fruits are ovoid, wrinkled and ribbed

longitudinally.
Flowering period: Between March and June.

Part /parts used: Fruit.

Medicinal uses:

It is a rejuvenative, laxative (unripe), astringent (ripe), anthelmintic, nervine,

expectorant, tonic, carminative, and appetite stimulant. It is used in people who

have leprosy (including skin disorders), anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic,

intermittent fever, heart disease, diarrhea, anorexia, cough and excessive secretion

of mucus, and a range of other complaints and symptoms.

It is used to mitigate Vata and eliminate ama (toxins), indicated by constipation, a

thick greyish tongue coating, abdominal pain and distension, foul feces and breath,

flatulence, weakness, and a slow pulse.

The fresh fruit is dipana and the powdered dried fruit made into a paste and taken

with jaggery is malashodhana, removing impurities and wastes from the body.

Haritaki is an effective purgative when taken as a powder, but when the whole

dried fruit is boiled the resulting decoction is grahi, useful in the treatment of

diarrhea and dysentery.

The fresh or reconstituted fruit taken before meals stimulates digestion, whereas if

taken with meals it increases intelligence, nourishes the senses and purifies the

digestive and genitourinary tract.

196
 Taken after meals Haritaki treats diseases caused by the aggravation of Vayu, Pitta

and Kapha as a result of unwholesome food and drinks. Haritaki is a rasayana to

Vata, increasing awareness, and has a nourishing, restorative effect on the central
nervous system.

It improves digestion, promotes the absorption of nutrients, and regulates colon

function.
Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 239

147. Botanical name: Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers

Family: Menispermaceae

Local name: Guduchi

Vernacular names: Hindi : Giloya, Guduchi ; English : Tinospora; Sanskrit :

Guduchi, Madhuparni, Amrita.

Habitat: It climbs over the highest trees.

Description: It is said to climb over the highest trees, and to throw out aerial roots

which reach the length of 30 feet. It is a perennial deciduous twiner with succulent

stem and papery bark. The flowers are yellow, axillary, long-stalked racemes. The

fruit of 3 shortly stalked, pea-sized, subglobose drupes, red in colour.

Flowering period: The plant flowers in June and fruiting occurs in November.

Part /parts used: Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

The plant oil is effective in reducing pain and edema and in gout and skin diseases.

197
The herb accords longevity, enhances memory, improves health, and bestows

youth, betters complexion, voice, energy and luster of the skin.

It is helpful in treating digestive ailments such as hyperacidity, colitis, worm

infestations, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, excessive thirst, and vomiting and

even liver disorders like hepatitis.

Fresh juice of guduchi, when mixed with rock candy, speeds up the recovery in

hepatitis patients.

It helps in remedying ailments like raktapitta, anemia, cardiac debility, diabetes,

sexual debility and splenic disorders.

The starch of the plant serves as a household remedy for chronic fever, relieves

burning sensation and increases energy and appetite.

The decoction of guduchi, mixed with nimba and vasa, eases the itching and

oozing.

It benefits general weakness, dyspepsia, impotency, dysentery, secondary syphilis,

tuberculosis, jaundice, constipation, leprosy, general debility, cutaneous rashes and

condylomata.

Guduchi helps in getting rid of renal caliculi and reduces blood urea level.

The decoction of guduchi and sunthi is a good combination for treating gout and

rheumatic disorders.

Guduchi juice, when taken with cow’s milk or lodhra, is effective in combating

leucorrhea.

The juice is mixed with cumin seeds and consumed to reduce the burning sensation

caused due to pitta.

198
 The root of guduchi is a strong emetic and used for bowel obstruction.

Area of collection: Badsar

Herbarium no.: 331

148. Botanical name: Tribulus terrestris Linn.

Family: Zygophyllaceae

Local name: Gokshru

Vernacular names: Hindi: Gokharu; English: Land-calotrops; Bengoli: Gokhari.

Habitat: it is found as a weed and prefer sandy soil.

Description: An annual herb with diffused or prostrates stems. The branches are

flexuous covered with silky thread like hairs. The leaves are pari-pinnate having 6 to 7

pairs of leaflets that are narrow-elliptic with round base and apex. The yellow flowers

are borne solitary and axillary. The fruit is weapon-wheel shaped containing five
parts.

Flowering time: Spring and Summer.

Parts used: Fruit and root

Medicinal uses:

It is used in diarrhea and dysentery.

It is used to promote lactation.

It is used in psoriasis and eczema

The diuretic properties of plant are due to large amount of nitrates and essential oils

present in seeds. Plant and dried spiny fruit is used for spermatorrhea,

phosphateuria, dysuria, gonorrhea, gleet, chronic cystitis, calculous affections,

incontinence of urine and impotency. It is used in inflammation of urinary passage

199
 Terrestris in angina pectoris

It is shown that saponin has the action of dilating coronary artery and improving

coronary circulation, and thus has better effects on improving ECG of myocardial
ischemia. If taken for a long time, it has no adverse reaction on blood system and

hepatic and renal functions. Neither does it have side effects. It is one of the ideal

medicines to treat angina pectoris.

Area of collection: Tuni ka sidh.

Herbarium no.: 191

149. Botanical name: Trichodesma indicum (Linn.) R. Br.

Family: Boraginaceae

Local name: Kalp

Vernacular names: English : Indian Borage ; Hindi: Chhota Kalpa ; Gujarati:

Undhanphuli .
Habitat: It grows on naturalized land.

Description: It is an erect, spreading, branched, annual herb, about 50 centimeters in

height. Leaves are stalkless, opposite, lanceolate, pointed at the tip, and heart-shaped

at the base; the upper surfaces clothed with stiff hairs arising from circular tubercles,

the lower surfaces less densely villous. Flowers occur singly in the axils of the leaves.

Fruit is ellipsoid.
Flowering period: In winter.
Part / Parts used : Roots, leaves, flowers.

Medicinal uses:

Leaves and roots are used as remedy for snake bites; also used as diuretic.

200
 Cold infusion of leaves considered depurative.

Crushed roots, in decoction or infusion, used for dysentery in children.

Decoction of roots used for diarrhea, dysentery and fever.

Plants is used as emollient poultice.

Roots are crushed and made into a paste, and applied externally to swollen joints,

inflammations and superficial skin injuries.

Area of collection: Piplu ki dhar.

Herbarium no.: 107

150. Botanical name: Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn.

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Local name: Potol

Vernacular names: English: Snake Gourd; Hindi : Parwal .

Habitat: Found in grasslands and fertile lands.

Description: An annual soft stemmed tendril climber. Leaves simple, lobed,

membranous cordate and thin. Flowers white, unisexua. Fruits long sometimes curved,

pale green with white streaks, containing many hard yellowish brown seeds in it.
Flowering period: In July.

Part /Parts used: Leaves, stems, shoots, fruit.

Medicinal uses:

Two ounces of root juice is a drastic purgative.

Bulbous part of the roots acts as hydragogue cathartic.

Roots used for expelling worms.

Plant reported to cure quotidian and quartan fevers chiefly by inducing vomiting.

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 Leaf-juice is rubbed over the liver to relieve congestion, or all over the body in

remittent fevers.

Infusion of tender shoots and dried capsules used as aperient.

Expressed juice of leaves used as emetic.

Leaves and stems used for bilious disorders and skin diseases; also used as

emmenagogue.

Bitter, unripe fruit capsule are dried, and as sugared decoction or infusion used to

assist digestion.

Fruit is considered a violent purgative and efficient emetic.

Seeds are anthelmintic and antiperiodic.

Area of collection: Dard

Herbarium no. 192

151. Botanical name: Tridax procumbens Linn.

Family: Asteraceae

Local name: Kambarmodi.

Vernacular names:- Kambarmodi.

Habitats: It is a weed of roadsides open waste places,and cultivation.

Description: Annual or biennial herbs. Stem branched, creeping at base, suberect or

trailing above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate.Heads solitary, on erect, long peduncle.

Marginal flowers pale yellow, long ligules; disc flowers bright yellow.
Flowering period : Through out year.

Part /Parts used : Whole plant.

Medicinal uses:

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 leaves are chewed followed by a drink of water for stomachache and malaria

A decoction of the whole plant in water is taken for persistent low backache.

Root decoction for infantile diarrhea.

Leaf juice possesses antiseptic, insecticidal and parasiticidal properties.

The crushed leaves are applied to arrest bleeding in bruises and cuts.

Leaves are also used for the treatment of bronchial catarrh, dysentery, diarrhoea

and for the restoration of hairs.

Area of collection: Una road Piplu.

Herbarium no.: 11

152. Botanical name: Triumfetta pilosa Roth.

Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Nyasana

Vernacular names: English: Hairy ropebark.

Habitat: It grows on wet soil.

Description: Shrubby perennial herb, up to 1.5 m tall. Leaves mostly ovate-

lanceolate, apex acute; base cordate or rounded; margin coarsely serrate. Flowers in

axillary clusters, pale yellow, densely hairy.

Flowering period: June-November.

Prat/parts used: Leaf, bark and flowers.

Medicinal uses:

A leaf infusion is drunk to treat colic and diarrhea.

An extract of the leaf is recorded to be drunk as a purgative.

Leaf maceration is used as an eye bath for treatment of eye problems.

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 The bark and fresh leaf are used for the treatment of diarrhoea, the leaf and flower

for the treatment of leprosy.

The crushed leaf and twig are applied as a paste on sores.

Area of collection: Panga

Herbarium no.: 230

153. Botanical name: Urena lobata Linn.

Family: Malvaceae

Local name: Kunjia

Vernacular names: English : Aramina; Hindi : Lotloti, Kunjia; Malayalam :

Oorpam, Vatoorpam.
Habitat: It is mainly found as a weed.

Description: It grows to 2 meters in height. The lobed leaves are covered in star-

shaped plant hairs which give the leaves a grayish color and raspy feel. The fruit,

about a centimeter in diameter, is a flattened globe and dries when mature.

Flowering period: Almost through out year.

Part / Parts Used: Root & leaf.

Medicinal Uses:

Crushed root and leaf mixed with water as aphrodisiac.

Juice of leaves is used against rheumatism.

Root deccotition is used in the treatment of fever and urinary tract infection.

Roots are diuretic, good in rheumatic pain.

Area of collection: Jaral.

Herbarium no.: 190

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154. Botanical name: Veronica anagallis-aquatica Linn.
Family: Scrophulariaceae

Local name: Sadevi

Vernacular names: English: Water Speedwell, Brook-pimpernel, Blue water

speedwell ; Hindi: sada, sadevi.

Habitat: Along ditches and slowly moving streams, or in other wet places, frequently

in shallow water, but largely above surface.

Description: It is a short-lived perennial plant, more or less erect, 20-100 cm tall.

Leaves are opposite, mostly elliptic or elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, stalkless and

mostly clasping, sharply saw-toothed to entire. Flowers are many in elongated, long-

stalked clusters from leaf axils.

Flowering period : June-September.

Part / Parts Used: The root and leaves.

Medicinal Uses

The root and the leaves are alterative, appetizer and diuretic.

The leaves are used in the treatment of scurvy, impurity of the blood etc.

The plant is bruised and applied externally as a poultice on burns, ulcers, whitlows,

etc.
Area of collection: Burnar.

Herbarium no.: 132

155. Botanical name: Viola odorata Linn.

Family: Violaceae

Local name: Banaska

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Vernacular names: English: Sweet Violet; Sanskrit: Neelapushpa; Hindi:

Banafshah, Giddar tamaku.

Habitat: It is found on wet land near water sources.

Description: It is a perennial plant. Dark-green cordate leaves, with slightly serrated

margins. Leaves grow in a rosette at the plant’s base. Depending on the soil, flowers

can vary in color: from deep purple and blue to pinkish and yellow-white.
Flowering period: March to June.

Part /Parts used: Whole plant .

Medicinal use:

It is very beneficial in treatment of congestion, coughs and sore throat.

Root can be used as an emetic.

Used in form of a decoction, it acts as a mild laxative.

The presence of glycoside of salicylic acid in leaves, which explains its efficient

use in cases of headaches and body pains.

Syrup made from flower has anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, laxative and

expectorant properties.

It can be helpful in cases of various respiratory conditions, but also in treatment of

headaches, insomnia, dizziness and exhaustion.

Area of collection : Ghalol

Herbarium no.: 152

156. Botanical name: Viola serpens Wall. ex Ging.

Family: Violaceae

Local name: Banaska

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Vernacular names: Banafshah

Habitat: It is found near wet places.

Description: It is a perennial plant. Dark-green ovate – cordate leaves. Flowers liliac,

blue to white.
Flowering period: March to August.

Part /Parts used: Whole plant or its flowers

Medicinal uses:

It is useful in asthama and bleeding piles.

In cancer of throat.

In constipation, cough and fever.

It is also useful in skin diseases.

Area of collection: Paniyali

Herbarium no.: 399

157. Botanical name: Vitex negundo Linn.

Family: Verbenaceae

Local name: Bana

Vernacular names: Sanskrit: Nirgundi; Hindi: Shambhalu.

Habitat: Vitex negundo are commonly found near bodies of water, recently disturbed

land, grasslands, and mixed open forests.

Description: A large shrub or rather small tree grows 2-4 meters in height, with

quadrangular branches and thin grey bark. The leaves petiolate, smooth, exstipulate,

have a typical pungent odor. The flowers are bluish purple in color, lanceolate. The

fruits are ovoid or obovoid, four-seeded drupes, black when ripe.

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Flowering period: July to August.

Part / Parts used : Whole Plant.

Medicinal uses:

The leaves are astringent, febrifuge, sedative, tonic and vermifuge. They are useful

in dispersing swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism and of the testes from

suppressed gonorrhoea.

The juice of the leaves is used for removing foetid discharges and worms from

ulcers, whilst an oil prepared with the leaf juice is applied to sinuses and scrofulous

sores.

A decoction of the stems is used in the treatment of burns and scalds.

The dried fruit is vermifuge and is also used in the treatment of angina, colds,

coughs, rheumatic difficulties etc.

The fresh berries are pounded to a pulp and used in the form of a tincture for the

relief of paralysis, pains in the limbs, weakness etc.

The root is expectorant, febrifuge and tonic. It is used in the treatment of colds and

rheumatic ailments.

The plant is said to be a malarial preventative and is also used in the treatment of

bacterial dysentery - extracts of the leaves have shown bactericidal and antitumor

activity.

The leaves are used to repel insects in grain stores. Extracts of the leaves have

insecticidal activity.

The fresh leaves are burnt with grass as a fumigant against mosquitoes.

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 A decoction of the leaves and the vapours are employed in baths for treatment of

febrile, catarrhal and rheumatic affections.

The flowers are astringent and are used in fever, diarrhoea and liver complaints.
Area of collection: Kola

Herbarium no.: 306

158. Botanical name: Wendlandia heynei (Sch.) Sant. & Merch.

Family: Rubiaceae

Local name: Pansira

Vernacular names: Tikli.

Habitat: Grows in sub-Himalayan tracts.

Discription: It is a small evergreen tree, bark reddish brown, branches and branchlets

grey tomentose. Leaves opposite, ovate-broadly lanceshaped or lanceshaped, leathery,

entire. Flowers are borne in pyramida and broad cluster at the end of branches.

Flowers are white, fragrant, stalkless.

Flowering period: March-April.

Part /Parts used: Flowers, bark, twigs.

Medicinal uses:

In case of abortion,Fresh flower is grounded with milk; a cup of grounded mixture

is taken orally from third day of mensural period; once daily for 3 days.

Traditional Chinese herb, this plant has long been employed as an antipyretic,

detoxicant, expectorant, vermifuge, and in clinical practice.

Thermogenic, stimulative, purgative, anthelmintic, rejuvenant & useful in vesical,

oral & dental diseases. Mastication of barks facilitates salivation.

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 Bark paste is used in furuncle.

It is also used in skin diseases.

Twigs are used as tooth brush.

Area of collection: Jhaniyari.

Herbarium no.: 439

159. Botanical name: Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz

Family: Lythaceae

Local name: Kali dhoyn

Vernacular names: Dhai –ki-phool.

Habitat: It is found on rocky surface.

Description: A much-branched, beautiful shrub, with fluted stems and long, spreading

branches, 1-3 m. high, rarely up to 7 m. Bark reddish brown, peeling off in thin,

fibrous strips; leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; flowers

numerous, brilliant red; capsules ellipsoid, membranous; seeds brown, minute, smooth

obviate.
Flowering period : In the month of March to continue upto June.

Part / Parts used: Flowers, buds and leaves.

Medicinal uses:

The flowers are acrid, astringent, styptic, depurative, utreine sadative, constipating,

antibacterial, febrifuge and alexeteric.

They are useful in the conditions of kapha and pitta, leprosy, burning sensation,

skin diseases, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, headache, hemorrhoids, herpes, internal

hemorrhage, leukorrhea, liver disorders, menorrhagia, ulcers, wounds.

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 Juice of leaves is used in bilious sickness. They are also valued as a stimulant in

pregnancy.

It is used in urinary tract infections and jaundice.

Dried fruits, flowers, buds and broken pieces of inflorescence are used in bowel

complaints.

Methanol extract flowers had good potential as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and

hepatoprotective agent

The powder of dried flowers is sprinkled over wounds thrice a day for 4-5 days.

Area of collection: Jamnoti.

Herbarium no.: 39

160. Botanical name: Xanthium strumarium Linn.

Family: Asteraceae

Local name: kuthua

Vernacular names: English: Burweed; Hindi: Chotagokhru.

Habitats: It is a weed of open waste places,and cultivation.

Description: It is an annual herb with a short, stout, hairy stem. Leaves broadly

triangular-ovate or suborbicular; flower heads in terminal and axillary racemes; white

or green; Fruit obovoid, enclosed in the hardened involucre, with 2 hooked beaks and
hooked bristles.
Flowering period : August-September.

Part /Parts used : The whole plant, specially root and fruit.

Medicinal uses:

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 The leaves and root are anodyne, antirheumatic, appetizer, diaphoretic, diuretic,

emollient, laxative and sedative.

The plant is considered to be useful in treating long-standing cases of malaria and

is used as an adulterant for Datura stramonium.

An infusion of the plant has been used in the treatment of rheumatism, diseased

kidneys and tuberculosis.

It has also been used as a liniment on the armpits to reduce perspiration.

The fruits contain a number of medically active compounds including glycosides

and phytosterols. They are anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial,

antirheumatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, cytotxic, hypoglycaemic and stomachic.

They are used internally in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, catarrh,

rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, constipation, diarrhoea, lumbago, leprosy and

pruritis.

They are also used externally to treat pruritis.

The root is a bitter tonic and febrifuge. It has historically been used in the treatment

of scrofulous tumours.

A decoction of the root has been used in the treatment of high fevers and to help a

woman expel the afterbirth.

A decoction of the seeds has been used in the treatment of bladder complaints.

A poultice of the powdered seed has been applied as a salve on open sores.
Area of collection: Bhoranj

Herbarium no.: 270

161. Botanical name: Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.

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Family: Rutaceae

Local name: Tirmir

Vernacular names: Tejbal, Tumbru.

Habitat: Forest undergrowth and hot valleys to 1800 metres in the Himalayas.
Description: It is a deciduous Shrub growing to 4 m. The leaves are imparipinnate or

trifoliate with lanceolate , entire to glandular , acuminate leaflets.The flowers are

greenish-yellow, dioecious, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both

male and female plants must be grown if seed is required.

Flowering period: April-May.

Part / Parts Used: Bark, carpels, carpels of fruits, seeds.

Medicinal uses:

Bark and Berries: alterative, anti-rheumatic, carminative, diaphoretic, hepatic,

stimulant, tonic.

Prickly Ash is used in many chronic problems such a rheumatism and skin

diseases; chilblains, cramp in the leg, varicose veins and varicose ulcers.

It is also used for low blood pressure, fever, and inflammation.

Externally it may be used as a stimulation liniment for rheumatism and fibrositis.

It has a stimulating effect upon the lymphatic system, circulation and mucous.

The seeds and the bark are used as an aromatic tonic in the treatment of fevers,

dyspepsia and cholera.

The fruits, branches and thorns are considered to be carminative and stomachic,

they are used as a remedy for toothache.

Root bark is used as flavouring agent in place of mulhatti in betel leaf.

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 The fruit is used to purify water.

Toothbrushes are made from the branches to cure toothache.

Common cold, cough, and fever, as it is believed to give warmth to the body.

Common stomach complaints are treated with timur soup.

Area of collection: Jhaniyari ki dhar.

Herbarium no.:65

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