Daily hydrological modeling in the Peruvian Amazon basin

using rainfall satellite estimates

Eng. Ricardo Zubieta Barragán

Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Lavado Waldo , Saavedra Miguel

5th ORE-HYBAM Scientific Meeting

 INTRODUCTION

The Amazon basin extends

and from the Andes to the Atlantic
Ocean, covering approximately 6 000
000 km2. Its fresh water contribution
to the global ocean is 15% and its
average discharge at the delta is 209
000 m3/s (Molinier et al.,2009)

878,305 km2
(To the location
station Tabatinga) ,
average maximum
flow 49,000 m3/s(
station Tamshiyacu)

Fuente: El comercio
Predictions from rainfall–runoff models are
often unsatisfactory because spatial
variability in rainfall is poorly represented
in regions where data are scarce

furthermore the catch of conventional

raingauges is representative of only a small
radius around the instrument..

satellite estimates can be an alternative

source of data for rainfall-runoff simulation,
by improving the spatial distribution of
rainfall.

One of the more promising applications of

satellite-based rainfall estimates is the
coupling of rainfall measured in real time,
meteorological forecasts and rainfall– Rainfall regimes in eight stations in the Peruvian and
Ecuadorian Amazon basin., (Espinoza et al., 2009).
runoff models for flow forecast, since there
are very few real-time raingauges in most of
the Perú
Main Objective

Evaluation of the usefulness of the

estimates of rainfall, TRMM, CMORPH,
PERSIANN and Reanalysis as an input
variable from the modeling rainfall - runoff
in the Peruvian Amazon basin using a
distributed hydrological model.

Source: SRTM
Modelo hidrológico concentrado ( SACRAMENTO, GR2M)
distribuido (VIC, MGB) --- principal diferencia : The spatial variability of land by
Distributed hydrological models unlike
concentrates has been little studied and vegetation, soils.
applied in Peru.

Figuras : Mantaro River

On the other hand are also Basin
used semi distributed fuente proclim
models (WEAP, SWAT,
HEC-HMS).
 Daily hydrological
MGB -IPH(Collischonn, 2001) modeling
Modelo de Grandes Bacias

Collischonn 2007

The law of conservation of mass,

or principle of mass conservation,
Pixel and GRU
discretization
PCi

ETi,j
Minicuencas
Cell i
Model grid cells
EIi,j

Pi,j
Qsup
Qsub
Dsup i,j
 Qbas

 
Wm 
Dint i,j

 Wi, j 
 

  River
Dbas i,j channel

Minicuencas
Cell
aguas
downstream
of cell i
abajo
 Data used METODOLOGY

•Caudales observados de la red ORE-

HYBAM

•Reanalysis NCEP-NCAR
(Humedad Relativa, Vel. Viento,
Radicación solar, Temperatura del
aire)

•SRTM (The Shuttle Radar

Topography Mission).

•Mapa de cobertura vegetal del Perú Adaptado de

(INRENA) Collischonn 2007
•Mapa de suelos del Perú (INRENA)
•Mapa de tipos de vegetación del
Ecuador continental (INEFAN 1999)
•Mapa general de suelos del Ecuador
(Sociedad Ecuatoriana de la Ciencia
del Suelo 1986)
•Mapa de uso de suelo de Colombia
(IGAC, 2002)
•Mapa de suelos de Colombia (IGAC,
2005) .
Estimates of precipitation
from remote sensing techniques
 TMPA : (Huffman et al., 2010)

{
GPROF
(Kumerow Calib
TMI
at al., 1996)
NESDIS (Zao and
Weng 2002) IWP
{ Adj
TCI (Miller 1972, Krajewski and
Smith (1991)) TCI (PR-TMI)

GOES Precipitation
Index (GPI; Arkin
And Meisner 1987)
 TMPA CMORPH PERSIANN
5000 5000 5000

0 0 0
4500 4500 4500

−2 −2 −2
4000 4000 4000

−4 −4 −4
3500 3500 3500

−6 3000 −6 3000 −6 3000

−8 2500 −8 2500 −8 2500

2000 2000 2000

−10 −10 −10

1500 1500 1500

−12 −12 −12

1000 1000 1000

−14 −14 −14
500 500 500
−16 −16 −16

−80 −78 −76 −74 −72 −70 −80 −78 −76 −74 −72 −70 −80 −78 −76 −74 −72 −70

Precipitación media multianual 2003-2009

Elaboración propia
 RESULTS
Modelling Geographic
Information Systems
1. Delimitación de cuencas
semiautomatizada a diferentes detalles
En Software GIS
 RESULTADOS
Obtaining HRU BY
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Procesamiento de Mapas temáticos

Uso de suelo

Tipo de suelo

Unidad de
Respuesta
Hidrológica Imagen Landsat (a); Índice de área foliar (b) y albedo de superficie (c),
estimado por satélite.
 RESULTS
RESULTADOS
TRMM CMORPH

PERSIANN
REQUENA

CMORPH
TRMM

PERSIANN SAN REGIS

 TRMM CMORPH PERSIANN

Efficiency coefficients Nash - Suttcliffe for estimated precipitation products.

 Performance data from Reanalysis precipitation

ERA
Number River Station Area NCEP NCAR NCEP DOE INTERIM
1 Napo Nueva Loja 4331 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
2 Napo San Sebastian 5311 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
3 Ucayali Km 105 9635 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
4 Marañon Santiago 22068 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
Francisco de
5 Napo Orellana 23857 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
Nuevo
6 Napo Rocafuerte 30428 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
7 Marañon Nueva York 39634 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.23
8 Marañon Chazuta 68685 < 0.1 0.37 0.55
9 Marañon Borja 92302 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
10 Napo Bellavista 100169 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
Santa Rosa de
11 Ucayali Ucayali 191159 0.2 0.52 0.59
12 Ucayali Pucallpa 260418 0.2 0.65 0.69
13 Ucayali Requena 350215 0.19 0.61 0.61
14 Marañon San Regis 359883 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.64
15 Amazon Iquitos Enapu 682970 0.11 0.1 0.63
16 Amazon Tamshiyacu 699381 0.11 0.14 0.67
17 Amazon Nazareth 877763 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.63
18 Amazon Tabatinga 878141 0.2 < 0.1 0.71
 Conclusions
In this work, the performance by MGB-IPH modeling of discharge values in the main
tributaries of the Amazon Andes basin of Perú and Ecuador using six precipitation datasets at
the daily time step over , as input to rainfall-runoff models was evaluated by comparing with
observed discharge, focusing on the use of several high (TMPA, CMORPH, PERSIANN) and low
(NCEP, NCEP-DOE, ERA INTERIM)

The modeling using precipitation satellite is able to reproduce hydrographs for large river in
the Peruvian Amazon, these results suggest that the product 3B42 v7 can be used as input to
a hydrological model of rainfall - runoff in the Marañon and Ucayali basins.

The results show a clear opposition in the performance of the model in the basins located
between the north and south of the tropical regions of the Peruvian Amazon, and similar
conditions for satellite precipitation products and Reanalysis used, this model shows the
difficulty of hydrographs represent observed in regions closer to the equator, characterized by
weak seasonal variability, achieving performance levels NS <0.4.

Generally, results shows that not tend to be better when evaluated at gauging stations
controlling large drainage areas. This is not clear and can be due to rainfall data quality
difficult for the model to represent different streamflow regimes and the confluence of rivers
upstream whose performance is much lower or higher than others.
 GRACIAS

THANK YOU

OBRIGADO

ricardo.zubieta@igp.gob.pe

Agradecimientos :