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this involves interfacing the sensors and actuators with the controller having specified premises and
antecedence in order to ensure that the system is able to adapt easily to constant changes in the
working environment.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SOLIDWORKS
The structural design of the solar heater was first designed on software via solidworks to give a better
understanding of the design and to readjust the design to fit optimum standard. The design consists of
an assembly of the container, the baffle, the Fresnel lens array, fan and heat sink, battery, control and
solar panel.
MICROSOFT EXCEL
This was used to state the initial conditions, the variables as well as the fuzzy linguistic variables on a
spreadsheet so as to state the premises and antecedence upon which the rules were formed.
A fuzzy logic toolbox provides functions, application and a Simulink block for analyzing and simulating
systems based on fuzzy logic (Mathworks, 2018). The basis of the programming for the controller had a
background on fuzzy logic, hence the need to employ this tool during the course of this project.
This is used to specify the initial values of the system such as the number of inputs and outputs (i.e. 2
and 2 in this case) as well as the names (temp, humd, in-fan-spd and out-fan-spd). The AND method, the
OR method, the implication, aggregation and the defuzzification are also defined here as well. It also
makes provision for two other functions (membership function editor and real editor).
This provides and environment to defined the membership functions (high mids and lows) for each input
and output; define their range of values as well as their degree of membership
RULE EDITOR
This provides a means of writing the rules which were developed from the linguistic variables by
selecting the input conditions, the connection between them and the resulting output conditions. The
weight of each rule can also be selected depending on which rule belongs to a higher order compared to
other rules. It also creates provisions for adding, deleting or changing already existing rules.
RULE VIEWER
After the initial conditions, variables, membership functions and rules have been written into the
program, the rule viewer is a means of running the program, helping the user to vary the inputs and see
the resulting implications on the outputs based on the rules which were written.
SURFACE VIEWER
This plots a 3 dimensional graph showing the surface produced by joining different points based on the
rules to show the deviation the rules make in a more visual form. For this controller, there are two
surface diagrams because there are two outputs. The x-axis represents the temp, the y-axis represents
the humd, and the z-axis shows the output (in-fan-spd or out-fan-spd as he case may be).
MATLAB SIMULINK
This is used to simulate the solar heater system with the fuzzy logic controller (which has the program
imported from the fuzzy logic toolbox) and the transfer function gotten from the mathematical model
developed for the solar air heater. It is used to stimulated the working of the system under various
conditIons for analytical purposes.
HARWARE REQUIREMENTS
ARDUINO UNO
This is the controller used to run the code programmed on the fuzzy logic toolbox n matlab. The .fis file
is converted to a C compiler and arduino code using the web link
www.makeproto.com/projects/fuzzy/matlab_arduino)_FIST/index.php
the arduino receives the inputs from the temperature and humidity probes connected to it, and passes
the controlled outputs to the actuators which are the fans.
SENSORS
The sensors required are temperature and humidity sensor with a temperature range of 0 – 300’C and
humidity range 0 – 100%; voltage of 3 – 5V which is compatible with the arduino controller.
ACTUATORS
Two different pairs of fans are used for the inlet and outlet. This is due to the fact that outlet requires a
fan with a higher air volume (in cubic feet meter).
Power – 2.4W
Quantity – 2pcs
Power – 2.4W
Quantity – 2pcs