SLS-70-CIV-DB-001 Civil Design Basis, Rev B - App W Comment

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CONTRACT NO.:
"- PERTAMINA GAS
III CIVIL
SP-020/PG0330/2013-S7
DOCUMENT NUMBER:
36 Pages
PT. SURYA CIPTA TEKNIK
ENGINEERING· PROCUREMENT· CONSTRUCTION SLS-70-CIV-DB-001
JASA PERANCANGAN PENGADAAN DAN INSTALASI SISTEM OTOMASI,

SISTEM METER, SCADA DAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS & DESIGN CRITERIA
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l'F~'Ofj; 2013
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B 11/12/2013 Re-Issued for Review ~ ~ef ~JU~
A 4/11/2013 Issued for Review Evi Sef RPJUM
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Rev. Date Status Code
PT SURYA CIPTA TEKNIK BPA PERTAGAS
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JASA PERANCANGAN, PENGADAAN DAN INSTALASI SISTEM PT. SURYA CIPTA TEKNIK
OTOMASI, SISTEM METER, SCADA DAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
Document Number: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN I--_D_a_t_e_: _1_1_D_e_c_2_O_13_---j
Rev. B
SLS-70-CIV-DB-001 CRITERIA Page 2 of 36
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I'"PERTAMINAGAS JASA PERANCANGAN, PENGADAAN DAN INSTALASI SISTEM PT. SURYA CIPTA TEKNIK
ENGlliffRJNG ~I'!lOCI/(iEMENT. CONtrntxT1ON
Document Number: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN t--_D_a_te_:_1_1_D_e_c_20_1_3_-i
Rev. B
RECORD OF REVISION
SLS-OO-CIV-DB-001 to
A Change Doc.No. Yes
SLS-70-CIV-DB-001
4.2 till
A This section should be followed Yes
24-35
4.4.5 FEED document.
,
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Rev.B
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. l~lr~()[)LJC;lrl()~ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
1.1. Overview 6
1.2. Scope 6
1.3. [)efinition 6
1.4. Code, Standard and References 6
1.4.1. Code and Standard 6
1.4.2. References 8
2. S,-~LJC;lrLJ~E:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
2.1. Structural Material 8
2.1.1. Concrete " 8
2.1.2. Structural Steel 8
2.1.3. Reinforcement Bar 8
2.1.4. PC; (Portland Cement ) 9
2.1.5. Admixture 10
2.1.6. Sand and Gravel (Coarse Aggregate) 10
2.1.7. Water stop 10
2.1.8. Painting 11
2.1.9. Anchor Bolt 11
2.1.10. Fitting Bolt For Structural Steel 11
2.1.11. Insert Plate 12
2.1.12. Checkered Plate 14
2.2. Loading [)esign 14
2.3. Maximum Allowable Beam Deflection 14
2.4. Balance 15
2.5. Separation Joint 15
2.6. Other Requirements 15
2.6.1. Pedestal Height 15
2.6.2. Weight of Machine Foundation 16
2.6.3. Foundation for Rotatinq and Reciprocatinq Machine 16
2.6.4. Foundation Type 17
2.6.5. Foundation Shape 17
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Rev.B
2.6.6. Rebar Volume Check 18

3. EMBANKMENT AND EXCAVATION --------------------------------------------------------------------18
3.1. General 18
3.2. Cut and Fill Design Criteria 18
3.3. The concept of slope safety factor 19
3.4. Soil Settlement Analysis 20
3.5. Stability Analysis of Soil Slope with Retaining Walls 22
lJ. FOLJNDATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2lJ
4.1. General 24
lJ.2. Design Criteria Safety Factor of Foundation 25
4.3. Shallow Foundation 26
4.4. Driven Pile Foundation 27
4.4.1. Pile Axial Capacity 27
4.4.2. LJpliftCapacity 29
4.4.3. Negative Skin Friction (NSF) 29
4.lJ.lJ. Lateral Capacity 30
4.4.5. Pile Settlement Anaysis 35
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CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN

Date: 11 Dec 2013
Document Number:
Rev. B
1. INTROf~~J9N
1.1./Overvlew -{;o butl&
PT Pertamina Gas (Pertagas) ~ gas pipeline from Arun, Lhokseumawe to
Belawan, Medan. Gas will be distributed from LNG regasification plant at PT Arun and
will be used to provide required industrial gas along pipeline track and also for PT
PLN at Belawan. PT SCT has been awarded the contract for "JASA
PERANCANGAN, PENGADAAN DAN INSTALASI SISTEM oTOMISASI, SISTEM
METER, SCADA DAN TELEKOMUNIKASI".
1.2. Scope
This specification covers and explains in general the design requirements for civil and
structural working the construction of Site Plant at PT ARUN and Site Plant at PLTGU
Sicanang - BELAWAN owned by PT. Pertamina Gas (PERTAGAS).
1.3. Definition
PROJECT Jasa Perancangan, Pengadaan Dan Instalasi Sistem Otomasi,
Sistem Meter, SCADA Dan Telekomunikasi dari Lhoksukon A
ke Belawan
CLIENT PT. Pertamina Gas (PERTAGAS) as owner the Project.
CONSULTANT PT. Bintang Persada Abadi (BPA)
CONTRACTOR PT. Surya Cipta Teknik (SCT)
VENDOR/SUPPLIER Person(s), company, firm, manufacturer, or fabricator who is
supplier of material, supplies, and or services to to the
Purchaser.
DITJEN MIGAS Representatives from the Indonesian Government which is
responsible for issuing licenses and permits oil and gas
facilities.
1.4. Code,Standard and References
The requirements applied in the designing of civil and structural work shall be in
accordance with the current edition of regulations and standard mentioned below.
1.4.1. Code and Standard
ASTM A36/A36M Carbon Structural Steel
ASTM A185 Steel Welded, Wire Fabric, Plain for Concrete
Reinforcement
ASTMA307 Carbon Steel Bolt and Stud, 60,000 psi Tensile
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Rev.B
Strength
ASTM A325 Specification for Structural Bolt, Steel, Heat Treated,
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
ASTM A615 Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement
ASTM C33 Concrete Aggregate
ASTM C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete
ASTM C150 Portland Cement
ASTM C494 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
JIS B 1180 Ordinary Structural Bolt
JIS B 1186 High Strength Bolt
JIS G 3101 Structural Steel
JIS A 5335 PC Pile
ACI 318 - 11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
AISC 1991 ASD Series ASD Manual for Steel Construction, 9th edition
AISC 360-10 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
IBC 2012 International Building Code
ANSIIASCE - 7 - 10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structure h\XVf \[e(J ~
PPI-1983 Guidelines to the loading design for
house and Building"
SI! 0136-86 "Baja Tulangan Beton"
SKBI-1.3.53.1987 "Pedoman Perencanaan Pembebanan Untuk Rumah
dan Gedung"
SNI 03-1726-2002 "Standard Perencanaan Gempa Untuk Struktur
Bangunan Gedung"
SNI-2847-03-2002 "Tata Cara Perhitungan Struktur Beton Untuk
Bangunan Gedu "
UBC 1997 Uniform Building Code ,Structural Engineering Design
Provision, Vol.2
. ;
SSPC - SP 10 Commercial Blast Cleaning
SSPC - PS 12.01 One Coat Zinc Rich Painting System
, JASA PERANCANGAN, PENGADAAN DAN INSTALASI SISTEM PT. SURYA CIPTATEKNIK
ENGHiEfIfING - PROllJItEMENT. CON$TIU.,'C1lON
Document Number: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN t--_D_a_te_: _1_1_D_e_c_2_o_13_---!
Rev.B
AWS.D.1.1 Structural Welding Code

SSPC-SP 10 Commercial Blast Cleaning
SNI07-2052-1997 Baja TulanganBeton
1.4.2. References
Soil Investigation Report
2. STRUCTURE
2.1. Structural Material
2.1.1. Concrete
Using concrete that has compression strength which has been proved with
cylinder test at 28 days after being forged at field, unless mentioned
specifically, as follows:
Sulphur stock yard floor = K-350 (f e= 300 kg/cm2)
- All structurel building that have contact
With SUlphurduring operational = K-350 (f e=300 kg/cm2)
Exposed Beam = K-250 (fe= 210 kg/cm2)
Exposed Column = K-250 (fe = 210 kg/cm2)
Underground Beam = K-250 (fe = 210 kg/cm2)
Foundation = K-250 tr, = 210 kg/cm2)
Floor = K-250 (fe = 210 kg/cm2)
Lean floor = K-125 (fe= 105 kg/cm2)
Pipe Sleeper = K-250 (fe = 210 kg/cm2)
Pipe Support = K-250 (fe = 210 kg/cm2)
2.1.2. Structural Steel
The use of steel structure shall be according to SII 0136-86 or ASTM A 36 or
JIS G 3101-SS400 or equivalent with the minimum stress is 2,400 kg/cm2
(36,000 psi).
2.1.3. Reinforcement Bar
The use of reinforced bar shall be in accordance with:
a. Reinforcement of steel wire network shall refer to ASTM A 185, or
equivalent.
b. Plain bar shall refer to SNI 07-2052-1997 and SII 0136, BJTP 24 or
equivalent for diameter less than 13 mm. The minimum stress is 2,400
kg/cm2.
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SLS-70-CIV-DB-001 CRITERIA Page90f36
c. Deformed bar shall be in accordance with SII 0136 and SNI 07-2052-1997,
BJTD 40 or equivalent for diameter 13 mm and bigger. The minimum stress
is 4,000 kg/cm2.
Table 1 Size of Reinforced Bar
Width of Section
Size of Reinforcement Weight
(crrr) Remarks
(mm) (kg/m)
0-10 0.617 0.785 Deformed rebar
2.1.4. PC (Portland Cement)

PC used for concrete work is Portland Cement that complying to ASTM C150
standard, with the following conditions:
- Type I, portland cement is known as common or general purpose cement.
It is generally assumed unless another type is specified. It is commonly
used for general construction especially when making precast and precast-
prestressed concrete that is not to be in contact with soils or ground water.
Type II, this type is for general construction, more especially when
moderate sulphate resistance is desired.
Type III, this cement is similar to Type I, but with finer ground. Some
manufacturers make a separate clinker with higher C3S and/or C~ content,
but this is increasingly rare, and for the general purpose clinker is usually
used, with a specific surface typically 50-80% higher. The gypsum level
may also be increased a small amount. This gives the concrete using this
type of cement a three day compressive strength equal to the seven day
compressive strength of types I and II. Its seven day compressive strength
is almost equal to types I and II 28 day compressive strengths. The only
downside is that the six month strength of type III is the same or slightly
less than that of types I and II. Therefore the long-term strength is
sacrificed a little. It is usually used for precast concrete manufacture, where
high 1-day strength allows fast turnover of molds. It may also be used in
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emergency construction and repairs and construction of machine bases

and gate installations.
Type IV, the percentages of (C2S) and (C4AF) are relatively high and
(C3S) and (C3A) are relatively low. A limitation on this type is that the
maximum percentage of (C3A) is seven, and the maximum percentage of
(C3S) is thirty-five. This causes the heat given off by the hydration reaction
to develop at a slower rate. However, as a consequence the strength of the
concrete develops slowly. After one or two years the strength is higher than
the other types after full curing. This cement is used for very large concrete
structures, such as dams, which have a low surface to volume ratio. This
type of cement is generally not stocked by manufacturers but some might
consider a large special order. This type of cement has not been made for
many years, because Portland-pozzolan cements and ground granulated
blast furnace slag addition offer a cheaper and more reliable alternative.
Type V, this cement has a very low (CsA) composition which accounts for
its high sulfate resistance. The maximum content of (CsA) allowed is five
percent for Type V Portland cement. Another limitation is that the (C~F) +
2(CsA) composition cannot exceed twenty percent. This type is used in
concrete that is to be exposed to alkali soil and ground water sulfates which
react with (CsA) causing disruptive expansion. As with Type IV, Type V
I
Portland cement has mainly been supplanted by the use of ordinary
I
cement with added ground granulated blast furnace slag or tertiary blended
cements containing slag and fly ash.
2.1.5. Admixture
The use of admixture for concrete mix shall not contain calcium chloride sand
shall be in accordance with ASTM C 494.
2.1.6. Sand and Gravel (Coarse Aggregate)
Sand and gravel (coarse aggregate) used shall be in accordance with ASTM C
33.
2.1.7. Water stop
The water stop shall be of polyvinyl chloride material, unless stipulated others
in drawing. Water stop shall be installed for joining of construction work which
is most likely cannot be performed or completed simultaneously (all together)
,
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as the work of concrete wall, concrete floor and other concrete construction
works. Waterstopshall be installed to prevent water infiltration at the part
mentioned above.
The installation shall follow the manufacturer's standard, and before being
installed, it shall be approved by PT. PERTAMINA GAS.
2.1.8. Painting
The painting of structural steel shall comply to the specification for
painting.Primary paint uses zinc rich primer 70 J..Im,intermediate paint uses
epoxy resin 120 J..Im,
finishing paint uses epoxy resin 50 J..Im.
2.1.9. Anchor Bolt
Material for anchor bolt shall be in accordance with ASTM A36, JIS G 3101-
SS400, or equivalent. Details on anchor bolt can be seen in attachment below:
Table 2 Allowable Force of Anchor Bolt
Size (mm) Allowable force (ton)
Type
D1 A S1 B (min) L Tensile (Ta) Friction (Va)
M 12 12 41 45 230 330 1.629 1.086
M 16 16 50 55 280 400 2.895 1.930
M20 20 62 70 320 480 4.524 3.016
M 22 22 67 75 370 570 5.430 3.649
M24 25 75 85 420 700 6.164 4.343
M 30 30 89 105 510 820 7.485 6.786
M42 42 135 121 690 1120 10.218 13.300
For combination of tensile and friction force is as follows:

(Trra)1.67+ (VNa)1.67 = 1
Where: T = Actual tensile load
Ta = Allowable tensile load
V = Actual friction load
Va = Permissibile friction load
Notes:
1) In determining allowable tensile force, it must not take into account the
allowable rust/corrosion as in AISC.
2) The length of Anchor Bolt Projection = A + thickness of base plate.
2.1.10. Fitting Bolt For Structural Steel
Fitting bolt for secondary parts (ioist, purlin, girt, etc.) shall use ordinary bolt
"
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(hexagon bolt) according to ASTM A307, JIS B 1180, or equivalent. The joint
bolt for parts in the main portal shall use high strength bolt (hexagonal bolt)
according to ASTM A325, JIS B 1186, or equivalent.
The limit of strength allowable for fitting bolt is as follows:
a. Ordinary structural bolt (hexagon bolt) shall be in accordance with ASTM A307 Grade
A (JIS B 1180).
Allowable friction force

Size Diameter (ton]
Type (inch) (cm) Tensile force
Double Single
(ton)
M 22 7/8-9UNC 2.22 5.44 2.72 5.44
M20 3/4 - 10 UNC 1.91 3.99 2.00 3.99
M 16 5/8 - 11 UNC 1.59 2.77 1.40 2.77
M 12 1/2 - 13...UNC 1.27 1.76 0.88 1.76
b. High strength bolt (hexagonal bolt) shall be in accordance with ASTM A325 (JIS B
1186) for fitting of friction type.
Diameter Allowable friction force

(ton) Allowable tensile
Type
force
cm inch Double Single (ton)
M 24 x 3.0 2.4 1" 12.16 6.08 15.69

M 22 x 2.5 2.2 7/8" 9.24 4.62 12.02
M 20 x 2.5 2.0 3/4" 6.80 3.40 8.80
M 16x2.0 1.6 5/8" 4.73 2.36 6.12
2.1.11. Insert Plate

All steel materials that are not inserted in concrete shall be protected with
suitable paint. The insert plate shall refer to JIS G 3101-SS400 or equivalent
for plate material and SII 0136 BJTP 24 for anchor bar. Details on insert plate
can be seen in table 3.
. I
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Table 3 Allowable Strength of Insert Plate

Size of Steel Plate Allowable Load
Type of Size of Anchor (mm) (mm) (ton)
Insert
plate Pulling Friction
Db H N T A B
(Ta) (Va)
I-'L-'14 '16 300 4 16 200 500 19.688 13.125
PL-13 16 250 2 12 250 250 9.844 6.563
PL-12 16 300 6 16 650 650 29.532 19.688
PL-11 16 300 5 16 550 550 24.610 16.407
PL-10 16 300 4 16 450 450 19.688 13.125
PL-9 16 300 3 16 350 350 14.766 9.844
PL-8 16 300 n 16 * * * *
PL-7 16 300 4 12 200 400 19.688 13.125
PL-6 16 300 3 12 300 300 14.766 9.844
PL-5 16 300 3 12 200 300 14.766 9.844
PL-4 12 250 2 9 150 150 5.537 3.691
PL-3 12 200 2 12 200 100 4.501 3.000
PL-2 16 300 2 12 200 200 9.844 6.563
PL-1 12 200 1 9 100 100 2.250 1.500
I
I Where:
Db = Anchor Bar Diameter
H = Anchor Bar Length
T = Thickness of plate
A = Length of Plate
B = Width of Plate
N = Total Anchor
The combination of tensile and friction force is as follows:
(Trra)1.67 + (VNa)1.67 =1
Where:
T = Actual tensile load
. !
Ta = Allowable tensile load
V = Actual friction load
Va = Allowable friction load
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Notes:
1. In determining the allowable tensile force, it must not take into account
the allowable rust as in AISC.
2. * = varies (see engineering drawing)
2.1.12. Checkered Plate
Standard checkered plate is used for all steel flooring, unless stipulated
specifically. The checkered plate material shall be steel plate of 4.5 mm thick,
and painted. Stair cases shall use checkered plate with non-slip nosing and
painted.
2.2. Loading Design 10
The loading design is refer to document SLS-@9LCIV-SPC-001Civil Specification for
Design Load Structure.
2.3. Maximum Allowable Beam Deflection
The Maxirnulll Vertical Deflection For Steel Concrete Formwork Follow The Below
Requirements
ASTMA615:
Gantry girder for electric overhead crane U750
(capacity to 50 Ton)
Gantry girder for electric overhead crane U1000
(capacity above 50 Ton)
Gantry girder for crane operated manually U500
- Girder/beam for supporting this dinamic / hoist equipment: U450
Grating/Checkered Plate U200
Purlins U200
Remarks:
L = Length of extent of the area to be inspected.
SNI 03 _ 2847 _ 2002, for concrete beam:
- Beam not supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged
by large deflections: U360
- Beam supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by
large deflections : U480
SNI 03 -1729 - 2002, for steel beam:
- Beam supporting to wall or other brittle structural : U360
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- Generally beam : U240

Maximum Horizontal Deflection Which is Premissiblefor Steel Structure and Building
Shall Follow The Following Requirements(JIS G 3101)
Structure with overhead crane H/325 or less
Structure without overhead crane H/325 or less
EquipmenUmachine shoring structure H/325 or less
Remarks:
H = Height of structural column to be inspected
2.4. Balance
Safety factor for all structures and foundation shall be similar with or bigger than the
fjft1 value mentioned below:
~ (=if Axial load
The axial load of foundation due to wind load or earthquake load shall be no less
than 1.5 and due to fixed load shall be no less than 3.0.
(2) Rolling
The overturning ratio of resisting moment by dead load over the rolling moment
which is due to wind load or earthquake load shall be no less than 1.5 and due to
fixed load shall be no less than 3.0.
(3) Shear
The ratio of shear resisting moment over the total friction force which is due to wind
load or earthquake load shall be no less than 1.5 and due to fixed load shall be no
less than 3.0.
) Buoyancy
The ratio of total dead load from the structure and the weight of soil above over the
total buoyancy shall be no less than 1.1.
2.5. SeparationJoint
In the construction of reinforced concrete building which havingmonolith integrity of
length more than 50 m shall be equipped with separation joint to prevent cracking or
damage on the building structure due to temperature changes (increase and
decrease of the outside temperature) and settlement of base soil.
In several constructions of reinforced concrete building which is not designed
incorporatedly, it shall be separated one another with separated distance of in the
least 7.5 cm or 0.004 x building height, depending on which building is the biggest.
2.6. Other Requirements
2.6.1. Pedestal Height
Minimum height of pedestal supporting steel structure I pipe stanchion shall be
300 mm from the pavement highest point I finished grade I final elevation of
,
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floor surface. The maximum height of pedestal for stairways and ladder is 200
mm.
2.6.2. Weight of Machine Foundation
The weight of foundation and machine shall comply with the comparison of the
following requirements:
1. Three times of machine weight for centrifugal machine.
2. Five times of machine weight for reciprocating machine.
2.6.3. Foundation for Rotating and Reciprocating Machine
1. Foundation for combination of rotating machine which connected to one
another shall be placed on one foundation.
2. To maintain the foundation dynamic balance, the vibrating machine shall
be classified into "HEAVY", "MEDIUM'.' and "LIGHT" according to the type
of vibration and motor power.
3. Foundation for rotating and reciprocating machine, such as turbine,
motor/engine, compressor, generator and pump shall be designed as safe
as possible towards the dynamic stability on the foundation system, as well
the static balance and the size of decrease in general.
According to the classification, the following size shall be applied in the
design of foundation.
Classification Size for Foundation

fo<for
Power Wf Amplitude
Type 1.3 f < fo
Rotate P ;::400 KW - - checked

HEAVY P;:: 100 KW - - checked
Recipro.
Rotate P ;::400 KW 3.0xWe checked -

MEDIUM P;:: 40 KW 5.0xWe checked -
Recipro.
Rotate P < 100 KW 3.0xWe - -

LIGHT P< 40KW 5.0xWe - -
Recipro.
P = motor power BHP (KW unit)

Wf = foundation weight
,
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We = machine weight
f = frequency of machine vibration at normal
operation
fo = foundation natural frequency
4. For machine classified as MEDIUM vibration, the foundation shall have

frequency ratio beyond the range of 0.7 until 1.3
5. Foundation for machine having HEAVY vibration sholl be separated from
structural foundation and other foundation.
6. For machine classified as HEAVY vibration, the degree of foundation
amplitude shall be calculated. Single amplitude from vibrated foundation in
every direction at each point on mat foundation or block foundation shall be
below perimeter lines.
7. For machine classified as HEAVY vibration, the reinforcing of mat
foundation or block foundation is spaced minimum 200 mm between
concrete iron using BJTD-13 iron both horizontally or vertically (two ways)
on all concrete surface to prevent cracking due to vibration.
8. For machine having MEDIUM and LIGHT vibration, the foundation weight
shall not less than 3 (three) times of the weight of rotating machine,and 5
(five) times of the weight of reciprocating machine.
2.6.4. Foundation Type
• Foundation for rotating and reciprocating equipment are referred as
I
machine foundation.
II
i • Reinforced concrete spread or pile foundations are recommended for
. ",!i machine foundation.
,
• Foundation for machinery equipments should seperated from other
foundation.
2.6.5. Foundation Shape
• Block foundation should be rectangular
• Thickness of the rigid block for machinery shall not be less than:
O,6()+!:. where L (in meters) is the foundation length or breadth.
ao
• Weight of foundation shall be considered according to section 2.6.2.
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2.6.6. Rebar Volume Check

The effect of shrinkage and thermal expantion shall be taken into account to
prevent cracking. The minimum quantity of reinforcement in concrete shall be
30 kg/m3 for rigid blocks.
3. EMBANKMENT AND EXCAVATION

3.1. General
The main problems in design embankment and excavation are:
1. Embankment and excavation slope stability
2. Settlement due to embankment load and operational load on the top of
embankment
3.2. Cut and Fill Design Criteria
Stability of the embankment and excavation shall be calculated based on the design
parameters that determined from the result of the soil investigation. Standard criteria
for the design stage shall follow the following requirements:
1. Load
• Embankment load, for embankment stability analysis
• Other load: traffic load, q = 10.0 kN/m2
2. Design soil parameters
Soil shear strength at depth h can be calculated as follows:
S=c+y· h tan e
Where:
c = cohesion
y = unit weight
CI> = angle of internal friction
h = depth below ground
Shear strength design parameters for foundation with embankment or excavation
and embankment material shall be determined based on the soil investigation
result. These parameters shall be used in the analysis to check the stability of the
embankment and excavation in short term conditions (undrained) and long term
conditions (drained). Parameters value should be verified by the standard
correlation that match with the soil classification. All assumptions used shall be
written in the analysis for review by PT. Pertamina Gas.
,
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3. Seismic Coefficient
Slope stability under earthquake loads must be analyzed using the conventional
pseudostatic approach. The selection of seismic coefficient shall be based on PGA
map for the 500-year return period of SNI 03-1726-2002, where the coefficients
must be stated in terms of the maximum acceleration at the surface
(amax or PSA) in gal units, considered exsisting local soil conditions. Guidelines for
the selection of seismic coefficients suggested by the size of the mass of landslide-
prone as follows:
• Slope with the small mass, high embankment/excavation 5m,
k h -- amax
g
• Slope with the medium mass, 5 m < high embankment I excavation s 15.0m,
O.65amax
g
• Slope with the high mass, high embankment> 15.0 m,

_ O.50amax
kh -
g
4. Minimum safety factor for embankment and excavation slope

Embankment stability should be notice in terms of the safety factor. Slope safety
factor should:
• Not less than 1.50, under static load (short term conditions)
• Not less than 1.15, under earthquake loads.
3.3. The concept of slope safety factor
1. The concept of slope safety factor by limit equilibrium methods, comparison of
mobilized force and resisting force, and comparison of overturning moment and
resisting moment.
-----=~
UMIl'12alJIUBRlOM FO$ '" e',.. o'lan4>· ( ~~ StroS$ )
ft~
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l
Figure1 iIIutrationof the conceptof slopesafetyfactor
2. The concept of slope safety factor based on finite element is as follows:
SF = __ S_max_im_um_a_va_il_ab_le_
Srequired in equilibrium state
Where S is soil shear strength.
Based on the formula above the safety factor is the ratio between actual soil shear
strength and minimum soil shear strength that required to maintain the balance
(equilibrium state).
Based on the Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion, safety factor can be written in the
following formula:
SF= c+O"·tan~
c, +O"·tan~r
Where cr and ~r are reduced shear strength parameters. Reduction of shear
strength parameters is done on an ongoing basis until a failure condition.
3.4. Soil Settlement Analysis
1. Elastic Settlement
Correlation value of Es with cohesion (clay):
• For clay normally consolidated
Es = 250 Cu _ 500 Cu
• For clay overconsolidated
Es = 750 Cu -1000 Cu
Where c = undrained cohesion clay
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SLS-70-CIV-DB-001 CRITERIA Page 21 of36
Table 4 Correlation Soil Type on Es and us
YOllng'~ modulus, E<

Type orson Ibjin,2 Puisson\ ratio, p"
LlIose sand 10.35... 24,15 i.sco- 3,000 (L21l';'OAO

Mtitilmll (iI.1llse~allJ 17.25"'-'27;60 2,300- 4,000 0.2.5;..0.40
Dense saud ,34.SIJ,,- 55.20 5,000- 8,()(lO O.30-·0i4,5
Slltv sand 19,35- .17.25 1,500- 2,5Q() 0.20--0.40
San'd amI gravel 69 ;l)()~172.50 10,000-2.5, (JOO 0.15.:..0.35
Soft clay 2,()1- 5.18 300- 750
Medium clay 5)8 ....10.35 750- 1,,')00 0"20,..0.50
Stiff day 10.35- 24.15 1,5()O- 3,500
From the table above, the value of Poisson's ratio us:
s = Bq 0 ~ _ 1/2 \..
e E \!: """$ Pr
s
Where:
Se = Elastic settlement (m)
B = Foundation width (m)
qo = Working load (T/m2)
Es = Modulus young (T/m2)
us = Poisson's Ratio
ar = 0.8 from the below table for UB = 1.00
3.0
H='X.
Of= 0
2.5 --_ ...... f-._........
r-
------ ~'
~
,..5:-f-a;'"
tI- 2.0
~:.
ci' 1.5 V ~ l:::::::::
.> ::::: ~ e---
1.0
.X
'? ~
.,
For circular foundation
,,=1
0:.." = 0.85
a, ~,0.88
o.s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
l.IB
Figure 2 Graph for Determine the Value of a

2. Consolidated Settlement
Consolidated settlement can be estimated by the following equation:
c,
1.5 = --.H.Lon .
(!1(J + (70) (normally ,
consolidated')
1+eo 170
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c,
2.s = --.H.LoB
(!J.a
.
+ aD) (over consolidated)
1+ eo \ 110
c.
3.S= --.H.Log (- c)
l1
1-e- eo 110
c. .H.LOBfda
+_.-- I
I 00 'l
I (under consolidated)
1+ en 'ac J
Where:
Cc = Compression Index
Cs = Secondary Compression Index
Eo = Void Ratio
H= The depth of consolidated soil (m)
00 = Initial load
/).0 = Additional load (T/m2)
Oc = Preconsolidated load (T/m2)
3. Time rate of consolidation
The avarage degree of consolidation of clay layer can be calculated as follows:
U=~
Smax
Where:
St = consolidation settlement of clay layer at time (t) after loading
= maximum consolidation settlement that occur due to loading
Smax
Time (t) required to attain a certain degree of consolidation can be estimated as
follows:
where:
H = length of maximum drainage path
Cv = coeffisien of consolidation (from laboratory test)
Tv = time factor (non dimensional) = 7r

4
x (U%)2
100
3.5. Stability Analysis of Soil Slope with Retaining Walls
Retaining wall used in a vertical or nearly vertical slopes. Retaining wall type that is
commonly used, as follows:
• Gravity retaining wall
,
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• Semigravity retaining wall

• Cantilever retaining wall
• Countterfort retaining wall
Steps of checking structural stability of retaining walls are as follows:
1. Check overturning against the wall toe:
SF(OVerrUrning)
IMR
= IM0 ;::::2
Where:
~Mo = moment (overturning)
~MR = moment resisting (overturning)
2. Check the sliding failure along the base/foundation walls:
Where:
~FR = shear (sliding)
~Fd = shear resistance (sliding)
3. Check the soil bearing capacity under the wall
I SFc.bearingcapaCity) = .I«:
I qrnax
Where:
1 qu = ultimate bearing capacity, estimated using the formula calculation of shallow
I foundation bearing capacity.
Ij = vertical pressure supplied by the base slab retaining wall.
qmax
I
I Bowles, 1988, safety factor is 3.0 for service/operation and for the seismic/
l earthquake load, the capacity is 1.3 times the service/operation capacity.
,.j
"
4. Check the soil settlement
Soil settlement analysis used the formula at section 3.4

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4. FOUNDATION
4.1. General
Foundation shall be in accordance with the soil conditions and also consider the site
conditions. Some common requirement in foundation design analysis are as follows:
1. Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity foundation must be based on the result of
the soil investigation report.
2. Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity pile foundation shall calculate the
negative skin friction due to the influence of embankment.
3. The depth of foundation is measured from GWL (ground water level).
4. Shear strength in pile foundation calculated with assuming the pile head is fix
condition.
5. Minimum distance between the edge of pile cap to centre of pile cap is 1.0 times
pile diameter.
6. The distance between piles is not less than three times of pile diameter.
7. If the design used driven pile foundation, stress of pile foundation material must
be compared with allowable stress of pile material issued by the manufacturer.
8. In the case of pile group loading and the shear failure area overlaps with another
pile. Therefore, the axial and lateral pile group capacity should be corrected
depending on the pile spacing, pile configuration and force direction.
In the static analysis, the load design of shallow foundation and pile foundation,
generally calculated by dividing the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil with
safety factor by 2.0 to 4.0, or:
qall = q, / SF
Where:
qall = Soil Bearing Capacity ( kg/cm2)
q, = Cone Resistance ( kg/cm2)
SF = Safety Factor
The range of safety factor depends on the reliability of static analysis used by the
following considerations:
• The level of confidence in the soil parameters used
• Uniformity of soil
• Effect and consistency of the pile installation method used
• The level of supervision during construction
·1
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4.2. Design Criteria Safety Factor of Foundation

In the static analysis, the load design of shallow foundation and pile foundation,
generally calculated by dividing the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil with safety
factor by 2.0 to 4.0, or:
Qu
Qall=-
SF
Where:
SF = Safety Factor
The range of safety factor depends on the reliability of static analysis used by the
following considerations:
• The level of confidence in the soil parameters used
• Uniformity of soil
• Effect and consistency of the pile installation method used
• The level of supervision during construction
Bowles, 1988, safety factor for shallow foundation on sand soil is 2 - 5 and on clay is
3 - 6. For this project, the safety factor used is 3.0 at service load/operation. For the
seismic/earthquake load, the capacity is 1.3 times the service capacity.
For pile foundation, lateral capacity of the pile is depend on the allowed lateral
displacement which is 25.4 mm for normal operation condition and seismic condition.
Stability Check for foundation:
• Rigid block should be check against soil bearing, sliding and overturning shear.
• Pile foundations should be check against soil bearing and lateral force, also
negative skin friction if the piles installed in compressible area.
• Settlement of foundation should be checked. The allowable angular distortion of
the foundation should be confirmed to the machine manufacturer.
,-
, Machine , -
, Foundation
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where:
=
C>diff allowable differential settlement
Sa = allowable angular distortion
L = distance between point to point
Table below expressed in terms of the allowable angular distortion, Sa:
Table 5 Allowable Angular Distortion, Sa (Bowles)
Const.rnctiOD and/or ImlteriaJ Maximum81L
Masonry (center sag) 11250-1noo

(edge sag) 1/500-111000
Masonry and steel 1/500
Steel with metal siding 112S0
TaU structures < 1/300 (so tilt not noticeable)
S'torage tanks (center-to-edge) <: l/300
4.3. Shallow Foundation

Meyerhof (1963) recommend the bearing capacity equation for shallow foundation
which accommodate shape factor for foundation, depth of foundation and inclination
factor, as follow:
q, = cNcFcsFcdFci + qNqFqsFqdFqi + 1/2yBNyFysFydFyi

where:
c = cohesion
q = effective stress on foundation
y = soil unit weight
B = foundation width
Fcs, Fqs,Fys = Shape Factor
:·1
i Fed,Fqd,Fyd = Depth Factor
Fci, Fqi, Fyi = Load Inclination Factor

Nq, Nc, N, = Bearing Capacity Factor
N q = tan 2 (45 + ~}llIan¢

Nc = (Nq+1)cot<l>
Ny
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Table 6 Shape, Depth and Load Inclination Factor for Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity Calculation
Fa<tor' Relationship Source
ShaPe' De Beer (1970) Meyerbof (1963); Hanna

F."l+~~ HaD""" (1970) and Meyefbof (1981)
B
F·=1+Lian~
B where 13 = inclination oCthe load on tbe f(,lund~til)n
F~=1-0.4I
_.., ..:.
__ ;._
.~
. ith're~t~~:.~e'vertl~_ ..._. __ ,._" _. ___;;
__ ._ .......
_
where L = leI1M of the tmmdation ··Ib~ t;hapt. fac1~:are el1lpiricalf"('1i~ based on extcnsiVf!'Ja~6ry.~.
'-1beo'tactor un~j(D.<IBlisin~
(L>B)
Hliliseft (1970)
D,
F..=l+M'B
F" = 1 .. ZtII1..,Hl- sin ,I>J'%
F,.=1
Omditimr (h): DtlB > 1
F", = 1+ (0.4) tan-I (%)

,. .F,,= 1+2 tan ~(l- sin d»'tan'l (%)
F,.-l
4.4. Driven Pile Foundation

4.4.1. Pile Axial Capacity
In general, pile ultimate axial capacity is obtained form simple equation, which
is the addition of pile end bearing and skin friction resistance, as follows:
Ou = Os + Op = f.As + q.Ap
where,
Os = Skin Friction Resistance
Op = Pile End Bearing Capacity
f = Transfer Unit Load on Skin Friction
q = Transfer Unit Load on Pile End
Ap = Pile End Area
As = Pile Perimeter
1. Skin Friction Resistance
a. Pile Foundation on Cohesive Layer
In general, soil cohesion contribution to ultimate skin friction is
calculated using equation as follows:
n
Qsc = La
i=!
'Cu-i .t, .P
Where:
a = Adhesion Factor
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CU-i = Soil Undrained Cohesion on Layer-i

Ii = Pile Length on Layer-i
p = Pile Perimeter
There are some method which can be use to determined the value of
a. From all of that methods, API RP2A is the most used method for
designing pile.
b. Pile Foundation on Non-Cohesive Layer
Contribution from soil inner friction (<I» for skin friction is determined
using the following equation:
II
Q s¢ = L I, .t. P
i=1
Where:
fi = KO-i .a'v-i . tan ( 2/3 <!>i)
KO-i = Lateral Preassure Coefficient along Layer-i
a'v-I = Effective Vertical Pressure on The Middle of Layer-i

<l>i = Internal Friction along Layer-i
Ii = Pile Length on Layer-i
p = Pile Perimeter
If internal friction could not be determined, then skin friction resistance
can be determined using corelation from N-SPT. Methods for skin
friction ressitance correlation based on N-SPT is described below:
Based on NAVDOC, shear resistance for pile is determined using the
following equation:
N
Is = -tsf = O.2Nt/ m' ~ 1;
50
Where:
N = Average Standard Penetration Test along Pile Perimeter
fs = Ultimate Skin Friction, for Driven Pile
f, = Skin Friction Limit, for Driven Pile
2. End Bearing Capacity
Based on field observation, meyerhoff (1976) stated that ultimate end
bearing capacity could be determined using N-SPT
a. Pile Foundation Penetrating Cohesive Layer
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For pile on saturated clay layer under undrained conditlorue = 0 0) Qp is

calculated using te following equation:
Qp=9xcuxAp
Where,
Ap =Pile End Area
b. Pile Foundation Penetrating Non-Cohesive Layer
Qp= qpxAp
Table 7 End Bearing Calculation Methods

REFERENCE DESCRIPTION
Reese and Wright 2
(1977) qp (tst) = - N = 0.7 N (t/rrr') forN .:::60
3
qp (tst) = 40 = 400 (t/rrr') forN> 60
Reese and O'Neill qp (tst) = 0.6N forN95

(1988)
qp (tst) = 45 forN> 75
4.4.2. Uplift Capacity
The design of piles for uplift loading conditions has become increasingly
important for structures subject to seismic loading. In some cases, the uplift
capacity of pile determines the minimum pile penetration requirements.
Nicola and Randolph (1993) note that in fine-grained cohesive soils, where
loading is assumed to occur under undrained conditions, the shaft resistance
is generally considered equal in compression and in uplift. Whereas in non-
cohesive or free draining soils, Nicola and Randolph (1993) state that it has
been customary to assume that the shaft resistance in uplift is approximately
70% of the shaft resistance in compression. Since subsoil at the proposed
project location consists of cohesive and non-cohesive soil, the shaft
resistance in uplift is considered equal to 70% 0 f the shaft resistance in
compression.
4.4.3. Negative Skin Friction (NSF)
At condition where pile is penetrated through consolidated soil layer, the pile
will endure downward force from relative movement between pile and the soil
around the pile. The downward force is also called negative skin friction (NSF).
NSF is the opposite from skin friction. Negative skin friction wil reduce pile
axial capacity, especially if the pile is peneterating thick compressible layer
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Prakash and Sarma (1990) proposed that the effective thickness for
consolidated soil:
L, = 0.75x L, ,Where Lc = Thickness of Consolidated Layer
4.4.4. Lateral Capacity

Lateral deflection of piles due to lateral load on foundation may exceed the
range of elastic compression of soil. Therefore the method used has to
consider a condition where the soil yields plastically up to end beyond the
stage of shear failure. By using p-y method from Matlock soil pressure can be
analyzed. The method can also consider the effects of soil plastic deformation
on the pile reaction. The following paragraph explains the p-y method, which is
taken from "Pile Design and Construction Practice" by Tomlinson.
The form of a p-y curve is shown in the figure below. The individual curve
representing each horizontal soil resistance may be plotted on a pair of axes
to give a family of curves for the selected depth below the soil surface
Figure 3 P-Y Curve for Laterally Loaded Pile (After Matlock)
Method of drawing sets of p-y curves have been established for soils that have
a linearly increasing modulus, i.e., soft firm normally consolidated clays and
granular soils. Empirical factor obtained by Matlock from experimental lateral
pile loading test. In this method, the first step is to calculate the ultimate lateral
resistance of clay due to lateral loading. Matlock method is actually similar to
the conventional method. However, the bearing capacity factor for lateral load
Nc is obtained on somewhat different basis.
Below a critical depth, rx, the coefficient, Nc, is taken conventionally as 9
(nine). Above this depth, it is given by the following equation:
N =3+rx+Jx
c Cu B
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Where,
Y = soil density
x = depth below ground level
Cu = undrained cohesion value of clay
J = empirical factor
B = width of pile
The experimental work of Matlock yielded values of J from 0.5 for a soft-clay
to 0.25 for a stiffer clay. The critical depth is given by the equation:
xr= ---6B
yB +J
Cu
The ultimate resistance above and below the critical depth is expressed in the
p-y curves as a force pu per unit length pile, which depends the undrained
shear strength of soil (cu).
Pu = N, c, B
Up to the point a in Figure P-Y Curve for Laterally Loaded Pile (After Matlock),
the shape of the p-y curve is derived from that of the stress-strain curve
obtained by testing a soil specimen in undrained triaxial compression, or form
load-settlement curve in plate loading test. The shape of the curve is defined
the equation:
l=O.5 )L
Pu Vy:
Where Yc is the deflection corresponding to strain at strain at a stress equal to
the maximum stress resulting from the laboratory stress-strain curve. Matlock
recommends an average value of 0.01 for normally consolidated clays for
used in the equation:
Yc = 2.5 Ec B
p
_c~ rz: by:~Pu-O-S :r~

A~r---~~~~~~~~~==~~
" ~-~.~Ibr=tk
-. ,
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Figure4 Determiningshapeof P-Ycurvein softto firm clay (AfterMatlock)
Similar procedure can also be applied for sand. Derivation of lateral soil
resistance of sand is given by Reese et.al as shown in the figure below, where
x is the depth below the soil surface selected for the particular p-y curve.
The procedure described below is using the p-y curve in conjunction with the
deflection obtained from the elastic analysis of Reese and Matlock in common
both of piles in soft to firm clays and granular soils.
The lateral capacities of piles depend on allowable lateral displacement of pile
material and allowable lateral displacement of the building. Commonly, the
maximum lateral displacement of a pile should be 6 mm under service load
and 10 mm under seismic load.
Figure5 Obtainingcriticaldepthfor laterallyloadedpile in cohesionlesssoil

(AfterReese,Cox, andCoop)
p
Figure6 Determiningshapeof P-Y curvein sand

(AfterReese,Cox,and Coop)
Bearing Capacity Reduction Factor for Group Pile Foundation

1. Bearing Capacity Reduction Factor for Group Pile with Lateral Load
a) Reduction factor for piles, Side-By-Side Pile
,
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Document Number: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN I--_D_a_te_: _1_1_D_e_c_2_o_13_---l
Rev.B
Reduction factor is determined using graph based on experiment which

is conducted by Prakash (1962), Cox et al (1984), Wang (1986) and
Lieng (1988) as follow
1.1
1.0
o Cox Ita!
D Wang and Reese
o • Wing
$)0.5659
0.7 ( 1i
~a • 0.5292
for 1 S; i $3.28
0.6
II•• 1.0. ~ ~ 3.28
(al 0.50~~-~2 -3"'" -4"__-!>"'__~6

SIb
(b)
Figure 7 Reduction Factor for Side-By-Side Piles (Technical Manual Group 5.0)
b) Reduction factor for piles, In-Line Pile
Reduction factor is determined using graph based on experiment by Cox
et al (1984), Schmidt (1981,1985) and Lieng (1988). Reduction factor is
distinguished by pile position and force direction for leading pile and
trailing pile 1.1
1.0
• SCHMIDT85
a SCHMIDTIl1
o Cox Ita!
----0 0 0~b
I ... 1
0.8
IlDl • 0.7309 ( b
S)O.2579
lor 1 s ~ S 3.37
$ ...
Ilbl • 1.0. i :.
3.37
(a)
(II)
Figure 8 Reduction Factor for Leading Pile (In-Line Piles) (Technical Manual, GROUP 5.0)
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Rev. B
1.1
1.0
• •
0
~ 0.9
.~ • SCHMIOT85
~ a SCHMIOT81
--0 0 I... $
..I
8=r b
~
C>
0.8
.
o
•
Co •• tal
Llano (dense)
(S) 0.3251
IlbT • 0.57$11 li
for 1 S ~ s 5.37
(a)
• IlbT -1.0. ~ ::.5.37
0.5
, 2 ;) 4 5 I
sib
(b)
Figure 9 Reduction Factor for Trailing Pile (In-Line Piles) (Technical Manual, GROUP 5.0)
Pile reduction factor calculation with skew configuration is conducted

with ellipse equation in polar coordinate shown on picture below:
Side - by - Side Erf«t
11.= f(rlb) /Side - by - Side Effect

IIJ,= f(rlb) lin-line Effect
Figure 10 Reduction Factor Calculation for Skewed Pile (Technical Manual, GROUP 5.0)
I
I
I 2. Group Pile Axial Capacity Efficiency
.1 Plenty of group axial capacity calculation did not include the charasteritic of
II
the soil which in contact with group pile. One of group pile axial capacity
i
r efficiency calculation formula is the Converse - LaBarre method (Bolin,
1941)
= 1- L[{n -1}m + {m-1}nJ

1Jg 900 m.n
.;
Where,
m = number of group pile row
t>
I'I
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Date: 11 Dec 2013

Document Number: CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN
Rev. B
n = number of piles in a row

~ = arctan dIs (in degree)
d == pile diameter
s = pile spacing
4.4.5. Pile Settlement Anaysis
Shallow foundation settlement can be predicted using soil settlement
calculation. For pile foundation settlement is using the concept of soil
settlement due to embankment or shallow foundation with differences in the
determination of the load distribution. Unlike on embankment or shallow
foundation case, load distribution from pile cap to the compressible layer is
depending on pile type, shown in figure below:
nO.
S04
Clay
,
\ __ 1H:2V
,
II ',
,,
. H"dCI.~
or Sand
'\_.-:-lH:2V
\. ,/.I. \,
Soft Clay
~~
EGvlvalenl Footing a! Depth 0 Equivalent Fo"tin~ at Depth 2130
SetUement 01 Pile GJOUP• Compression of Settlement of Pile Group. Compression of

Layers Hl and H2 Under Pressure Distribution Shown. Layer H Under Dressyre Distribution Shown.
a) Toe Bearing Piles in Hard Clay or in Sar,d Underlain by Soh. Clay b) Piles Supp,med by Shaft Resistance In Clay
\
H,'y'H:2V
\
Clay
Equivalent Footing at Depth 8190 Equivalent Footing at Depth 2130

Settlement of Pile Group. Compression of Settlement of Pile \1(OUP • Compression of
Layers Hl, H2. and H3 Under Pressure Olsnibution Shown.
Layers H1. H2. and H3 Under Pressure Distribution Shown.
nCa is Limited by Bearing Capacily of Clay Layers
d) Piles Supported :-'y Shafl and Toe Resistance in Layered
c) Piles Supported by Shan Resistance in Sand Underlain by Clay
Soil Profile
Notes:
ell Plan area of perimelel 01 pile grcup = (B)(Z).
(2) Plan are. (B,)(Z,) ~ projection of area (B)(Z) aI deplh based on shown pressure dlstriOOtioo.
(3) For _Iy rigid pile cap. preswre distriOOtioo is assumed 10 vary wiIh depth es ebcve.
Figure 11 Equivalent Load Distribution Under Footing for Group Pile

-.
~ ,
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_:_1_1_D_e_C_2_o_13_--,
Rev. B
f
(Adapted from Cheney and Chassi,1993)

SLS-70-CIV-DB-001 Civil Design Basis, Rev B - App W Comment

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JASA PERANCANGAN PENGADAAN DAN INSTALASI SISTEM OTOMASI,

CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS & DESIGN CRITERIA

DOCVMENT REVIEW STATUS

131 (~ I I£' ... '9 I

A 4/11/2013 Issued for Review Evi Sef RPJUM

Prepared Checked Approved Checked Approved

REVISION REVISION REVISION

2.6.6. Rebar Volume Check 18

CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS AND DESIGN

AWS.D.1.1 Structural Welding Code

Table 1 Size of Reinforced Bar

2.1.4. PC (Portland Cement)

emergency construction and repairs and construction of machine bases

For combination of tensile and friction force is as follows:

Allowable friction force

Diameter Allowable friction force

M 24 x 3.0 2.4 1" 12.16 6.08 15.69

2.1.11. Insert Plate

Table 3 Allowable Strength of Insert Plate

- Generally beam : U240

Classification Size for Foundation

Rotate P ;::400 KW - - checked

Rotate P ;::400 KW 3.0xWe checked -

Rotate P < 100 KW 3.0xWe - -

P = motor power BHP (KW unit)

4. For machine classified as MEDIUM vibration, the foundation shall have

2.6.6. Rebar Volume Check

3. EMBANKMENT AND EXCAVATION

• Slope with the high mass, high embankment> 15.0 m,

4. Minimum safety factor for embankment and excavation slope

2. The concept of slope safety factor based on finite element is as follows:

Table 4 Correlation Soil Type on Es and us

YOllng'~ modulus, E<

LlIose sand 10.35... 24,15 i.sco- 3,000 (L21l';'OAO

From the table above, the value of Poisson's ratio us:

Figure 2 Graph for Determine the Value of a

Tv = time factor (non dimensional) = 7r

• Semigravity retaining wall

1. Check overturning against the wall toe:

2. Check the sliding failure along the base/foundation walls:

4. Check the soil settlement

Soil settlement analysis used the formula at section 3.4

4.2. Design Criteria Safety Factor of Foundation

Const.rnctiOD and/or ImlteriaJ Maximum81L

Masonry (center sag) 11250-1noo

4.3. Shallow Foundation

q, = cNcFcsFcdFci + qNqFqsFqdFqi + 1/2yBNyFysFydFyi

Fci, Fqi, Fyi = Load Inclination Factor

N q = tan 2 (45 + ~}llIan¢

Fa<tor' Relationship Source

ShaPe' De Beer (1970) Meyerbof (1963); Hanna

F" = 1 .. ZtII1..,Hl- sin ,I>J'%

F", = 1+ (0.4) tan-I (%)

4.4. Driven Pile Foundation

CU-i = Soil Undrained Cohesion on Layer-i

a'v-I = Effective Vertical Pressure on The Middle of Layer-i

For pile on saturated clay layer under undrained conditlorue = 0 0) Qp is

Table 7 End Bearing Calculation Methods

Reese and O'Neill qp (tst) = 0.6N forN95

4.4.4. Lateral Capacity

Figure 3 P-Y Curve for Laterally Loaded Pile (After Matlock)

Date: 11 Dec 2013

(al 0.50~~-~2 -3"'" -4"-!>"'~6