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BUR,EAU OF REC:LAMATION
7-2090 (4-81)
Bureau of Reclamation TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE
1. REPORT NO 2. GOVERNMENT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO

TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE

April 1992

Hydrogenerator Design Manual 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE

D-3400

7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NO.
John B. Kirkpatrick

9. PERFORMINGORGANIZATION NAME AND ADRE55 10 WORKUNITNO

Bureau of Reclamation
Denver Office , , .CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.
Denver CO 80225

13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

Same

14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

DIBR

15. SUPPLEMENTARY
NOTES

Microfiche and hard copy available from Denver Office, Denver, Colorado. Ed: RNW

16. ABSTRACT

The Hydrogenerator Design Manual provides information useful in preparing plans, estimates,
specifications, review of manufacturer's design, installation, renovation, and repair of
hydrogenerators. The manual does not provide basic electrical theory of design.

a. DESCRIPTORS.. generator / *hydrogenerators/ synchronous generators/ induction generators/

hydroelectric/ hydroelectric powerplant/ electric generators/ generator motors

IDENTIFIERS Blue Mesa Powerplant/ Glen Canyon Powerplant

COSATIField/Group 09C CO WR: 0903 SHIM:

! 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
I' Available from the National Technical Information Service. Operations Division. 19. SECURITY CLASS 21. NO. OF PAGES
(THIS REPORT)
218
UNCLASSIFIED
5285 Port Royal Road. Springfield; Virginia 22161
20. sEcuny CLASS 22. PRICE
(THIS PAGE)
UNCLASSIFIED
 Plant Equipment Section
Electrical Branch
Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Division
Bureau of Reclamation
Denver Office
Denver, Colorado

u.s. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

*
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
 i!;;

Mission

The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop,

and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and
economically sound manner in the interest of the American pu~lic.

The information contained in this report regarding commercial products

or firms may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes and
is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firm by
the Bureau of Reclamation
 PREFACE

The Hydrogenerator Design Manual has been prepared to

provide information needed by design engineers to properly
select and specify hydrogenerator requirements. Information
is provided to assist in preparing powerplant iayouts,
developing requirements for generator renovation (rewind)
and uprating, recognizing failure possibilities, and instituting
machine maintenance. The manual is intended to be used
primarily by Bureau of Reclamation engineers responsible
for application design, specifications preparation, and
technical review for hydrogenerators. However, other
personnel engaged in planning, operation and maintenance,
inspection, construction, electrical control, power system
design, design of mechanical equipment associatedtwith
hydrogenerators, structural design and layout, and hydraulic
systems will find the manual usefui.

Many Bureau of Reclamation documents detail what was

done, and how goals were accomplished for most
Reclamation installations. However, little documentation
exists as to why different options were selected in preference
to other options for hydrogenerators. Also drawn upon here
are the demonstrable facts gained by operation and
maintenancethrough decadesof experience.

The sundry options available, and the differing options

selected for the various plants constructed by the Bureau
of Reclamation, tends to convey a false impression that
arbitrary choice, personal preference, or chance had
governedsomeselections.The manual's objective is to reveal
the basis for the existence of different options and thus to
assistin selectingthe best option for present day application.
Improvements in materials, refinements in construction, and
current design practices have been identified. Experience
resulting from some of the various options has been noted.

Present plans contempiate revision of the manual at the

appropriate time. Suggestions for revising and improving this
manual are welcome; they should be submitted in edited
format to: Bureau of Reclamation, Attn: Code 0-3411,
PO Box 25007, Denver CO 80225-0007.

The Hydrogenerator Design Manual was written by John

B. Kirkpatrick, under a contract with the Bureau of
Reclamation's Electrical Branch. Mr. Kirkpatrick was Head-
Piant Equipment Section of the Electrical Branch at the time
of his retirement in January 1985.

III
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

l"his manual was prepared under the general direction of

Daniel A. Green, Head-Plant Equipment Section of the ~
Electrical Branch in the Electrical and Mechanical Engineering ~
Division at the Bureau of Reclamation's Denver Office
~
~,

Many people assisted in developing this manual. T otal

recognition would be impossible, but to them a genuine ~

thanks-especially to Todd D. Hackett of the Plant

Equipment Section who authored the chapter 8 section on ~
",
,~

the excitation control equipment-and to Richard L. Becker, iii

Donald J. Bryce, Bruce R. Lonnecker, Lyle F. Klataske,

Douglas C. Peterson, Greg A. Birlauf, and other members ~
of the Plant Equipment Section who made significant ti
contributions to the manual.
., .'
An expression of appreciation is due to A. E. Rickett, Chief-
Mechanical Branch of the Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering Division and members of his staff who were quite
h,elpful and supportive regarding mechanical engineering
a:;pects of this manual.

Special recognition is given to Richard No Waiters of the

Publications Section for his invaluable assistance for final
editing and preparation for printing.

IV
 Quantity Symbol Quantity

Ampere, amp m Meter

Alternating current mm Miilimeter
American wire gauge MV.A Megavolt ampere
Celsius, temperature MW Megawatt
Carbon dioxide n Rotational speed, r/min
Circular mi! 0 Oxygen
Centimeter 03 Ozone
Current transformer PF Power factor
Direct current PMG Permanent magnet generator
Diameter p!m Parts per million
Efficiency Ibf/in2 Pound-force per square inch
Extra high voltage PT Potential transformer
Fahrenheit, tE~mperature R Resistance
Frequency, hertz rms Root mean square
Foot r/min Revolution per minute
Torque, foot-pound force RTD Resistance temperature detector
Ground-fault circuit interrupter SCR Short -circuit ratio
Gallons per minute SCR Silicon controlled rectifier
Rotational stored energy constant Std Standard
High potentiai dielectric test t Time
Horsepower TIF T elephone influence factor
Hour UMP Unbalanced magnetic pull
Heating, ventilating, air-conditioning UPS Uninterruptible power supply
Hertz V Volt
Electrical cunrent V PI Vacuum-pressure impregnated
Negative sequence current W~ Inertia, pound-foot squared
Inch X Reactance
Current squared multiplied by Xd Direct axis reactance
resistance" usually conduction Xq Quadrature axis reactance
or copper loss in watts X' Transient reactance (subscripts of
integrated product d and q for direct and quadrature)
Kilogram X" Subtransient reactance (subscripts of
Kilovolt ampexe d and q for direct and quadrature)
Kilovolt ampere, reactive z Impedance
Kilowatt ~ Phi, symbol used for phase
Pound 4> Phi, symbol used for magnetic flux