RNA NEURALOGICAL & GASTROENTERIC VIRUSES

Picornavirus: picmonic

Cocksackie
-rooster in a sac = cocksackie A/B
-coming out of bottom of sack is a woman’s legs wearing jeans torn in the groin = herpangina (white
vesicles in back of throat)
-pants kick the first of many flaming side-standing dinner tables = pleurodynia (aka devil’s grip causing
severe lower chest pain)
-this burns the foot so she licks her foot to cool it off = Hand-foot and mouth disease (many vesicles)

Rabnovirus (rabies) picmonic

-

ARBOVIRUS
-barbell = arbo
-held up on one end by alpha-male weightlifter wearing a toga = family togavirus species alphavirus
-held up on other end by flava-flav (with his big clock around his neck) = flavivirus
-his head is a giant ram’s aka St. Lois football team mascot with encephalitis = St. Louis
encephalitis
-bends down with one hand still on barbell to drink out of the Nile river = West nile virus
-Many Many Japanese men are also drinking from the river getting a huge head = Japanese
encephalitis virus, which is #1 cause of encephalitis in Asia

WEST NILE VIRUS

-Many people drinking out of nile river, but only one had a bright red head = west nile fever; symptoms of
WNV only experienced by 1% of those infected
-another person next to him is old, going crazy, crosseyed, tongue out banging his head into the red
person’s hea = neurological illness in older patients
-both of those people are in wheelchairs = polio-like symptoms of flaccid muscle

Reovirus:
Rio- = blue parrot from movie
-Inside of two cages = two capsids
-wearing two rhino scarves = double stranded RNA
-Wearing bullet-proof vest, which protects him from the intestine hose that is spraying him from outside
the cage, and the lightning/rain that is striking him
= resistant to GI and environment
-He has a Rio friend inside the cage with him who is wearing a foot brace = orthoreovirus
 -he is doing a snot-rocket in the ear of Rio#1 and is grabbing his stomach = upper respiratory
tract illness + GI illness
-Hanging from the ceiling of the cage is person with a glass spherical orb head with a swasticka tatoo on
his “forehead” = orbivirus/coltivirus
-his head is turning red = fever
-his arms and legs are shaking from hanging upside down = myalgia
-In a similar fashion another character is hanging from the right side of the cage from a disco ball that is
rotating = rotavirus
-One hand is grasping his stomach and he is coughing on the disco ball getting mucous all over it
= GI tract illness and respiratory illness

Rotovirus: Picmonic
Rhino’s are wearing dog collars with 5 vail-mountains attached to collar = pentavalent vaccine
available

Caliciviruses
-Jug of milk = calcium = calicivirus
-lower portion of jug is bulging spherically outward with many impressions in it = 32 caluces
-Jug has a RNA handle being held by a Rhino; notice that the RNA bases are poking b/w rhino’s fingers =
linear single stranded RNA
-RNA handle has a crucifix hanging down = positive strand
-The rhino has is his other hand Norton Antivirus = Norovirus
-Rhino is walking on an asteroid = astrovirus

Norovirus
-Norton antivirus box with cellophane cover = norovirus
-tiny tylenol capsules are underneath cellophane = small capsid viruses
-Nun sliding envelope underneath cellphane = Non-enveloped
-Nun’s other hand is holding hairdryer = resistant to drying
-box is sitting on top of washing machine filled with acid = resistant to detergents and acid
-Also on washing machine is a person going #2 into washing machine while he drinks from a straw that is
coming from the washing machine = fecal oral transfer
-paper calendar is on top of washing machine with two pages sitting next to it = 48 hours long; cruise ship
Replication of DNA Viruses

Parvoviruses- picmonic
-picture small virus on RBC plate with two more copies, and two beams holding them together =
3 structural proteins, 2 nonstructural proteins
-DNA helix in picture has ends folding over themselves = Inverted repeats at ends of genome
serving as primers
-each end of that helix’s folded over strands have a cardboard box around them = +/- strands
eached packaged into separate virions
-Nun’s food cart grew peas out of the side of it and from the tires = Grew Peas = Group P
antigens virus binds to on cells
-remember that Aplasia of RBC progenitors BC it only attacks mitotically active cells; cannot
stimulate cell division

Papovavirus
-18-century british father with a top-hat = Papovirus
-using a monacle, left rim is are different colors = early and late phase genes
-T-rex is biting left rim = T-proteins = Transformation proteins
-right side is forming the upward slope of the frame of a house = structural proteins
from late genes
-he’s from the old times, and he prays in an ice cathedral = icosahedral capsid
-this cathedral provides it’s service to the community by replicating monacles in the world’s first
microwave, and this father just picked up his own = replicates DNA in the nucleus

Adenovirus – picmonic
-triangular ice cathedral comes out of swimming pool touching DNA zipline using spikes =
icosodeltahedral virion with fibers
-an ear is on one end of the genome = early genes,
-latté is on other end = early and late genes
-latte has frame of a house on top of it = late genes code for structural proteins
-motors driving from both ends of DNA = transcribed from both strands
-4 motors with wheels driving up DNA away from ear, 2 on top and 2 on bottom = 4 promoters on early
genes
-two of them have terminator heads on top = transactivator genes which promote growth and
transformation
-one of them on the bottom is being plucked by Polly parrot-virus = encodes DNA Polymerase
-one motor driving down

Herpesvirus
-Big hairpiece = herpesvirus
-head band DNA helix that is not joined together = linear (non-circular) DNA double helix
-hand is at one end of genome covering face holding protein shake = 5’ terminal protein
-headband is holding down $100 and $50 bills = 100-150 million bases
-on one end of headband, an ear with an ear attached =early and immediate early genes
-attached ear has protein shakes bound to DNA double helices = immediate early genes code for
viral DNA binding proteins regulating expression of viral genes
-larger ear has Polly parrot sitting on it = encodes DNA Polymerase
-piercing larger ear is a pen with an eye on the lower end, on other end is a dinner plate with
toilet paper roll on it = early genes encode enzymes (Pen – eye) for DnTP synthesis (triggers non-
replicating cells to begin replication via viral thymidine kinase, HSV)
-Both ends of headbands have MOM repeated, one upside down = Direct and inverted repeats
cause diversification
-latte on other end of genome with frame of a house on top of it = late genes code for structural proteins
-DNA headband lifts from the back by a light with a watch around it = LAT gene induces latency

Poxvirus - Picmonic
-First fox head is ENORMOUS = largest virus
-Blowtorch held by nun is welding end of DNA = both ends of Genome are fused
-Fox zipline is hanging from $100 and $20 bill = 120 million base pairs
-middle of DNA is held up by a string attached to many replicating kites = kites = cytoplasmic replication,
which is unique among DNA viruses
-kites have bleach-spots = DNA replicates in cytoplasmic inclusions
-bleach spots caused by exhaust of nearby factory = virions assemble in cytoplasmic factories

Hepadnavirus- Hepatitis B Virus- Picmonic

-upon infection of a cell, DNA goes to nucleus and partial ds DNA is completed to ds DNA
-transcription begins at multiple sites, giving rise to overlapping 5’ mRNA segments, all with the same 3’
end
-largest mRNA segment is a 3500 bp strand
-codes HBc and HBe antigens
-codes for structural proteins including RT (Carried inside nucleocapsid)
-codes for DNA Polymerase
-replicates

RNA Respiratory Viruses I

Rhino-, orthomyxo-, Corona-

Rhino- Picmonic

Orthomyxovirus/Influenza : Picmonic

Coronavirus
-Corona beer = virus
-beer has on bottom half-ladder suction cup on bottom that fastens it to tables = ss
-beer is being held by rhino = RNA genome
-Rhino is playing glowing (plasma) Nintendo = virus assembly inside endoplasmic reticulum
-drink table next to rhino is ice and slanted, so beer won’t stay on top of table = difficult to isolate/grow
-sun-virus in sky = sun shaped virus
-he’s sitting on a chase lounge on top of red sand = 33-35ºC or 90ºF (hot outside)
-He’s on Mars, red sand = SARS
-Mars dust is going into his nose, so sneezing into Nintendo controller = upper respiratory

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

-Mars
-Has big corona sticking out = coronavirus
-cross bones sign on planet = high mortality
RNA RESPIRATORY II

Paramyxoviridae- picmonic
-nun is holding kite string attached to replicating kites = cytoplasmic replication
-camel is about to eat crow soup but is scared about being bitten by their bark = Croup with barking cough

Mumps: picmonic
-man being held hostage inside tombstone behind parrot = human is only host

Measles-
Mustache weasel
-cop licking weasel’s mouth causing weasel to get spots inside mouth = Koplick’s spots inside mouth
-(infection via respiratory route)
-notice that the human cop can only infect a nonhuman by experimental infection
-cop is laying on his side in a cute pose and leg’s make an acute angle = Measles can cause acute infection
-cops elbows have scrapes on them from laying on his side = measles rash
-weasel holding a camera for a self-ey picture, but the cop doesn’t want his picture taken = photophobia
-cop is laying on the CCC red-eye-coffin that is rising off the ground from the telepathic powers of the
apple core, which explains the cop’s desire for the weasel = measles causes 3-C’s: Cough, Conjunctivitis,
coryza

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

TAX: -part of pneumovirus genus
MORPH: -g-protein for viral attachment
PATH: -localized infection, not systemic
-can cause bronchiolitis and/or pneumonia in babies <1 yr
-mild flu to pneumonia in children
-common cold in adults
TRANS:-spread by large-droplets aerosols
-infection does not prevent reinfection
TREAT:-vaccines make infection worse
-easily inactivated by dryness/acid
-can become contagious before experiencing symptoms
-immune globulin for high risk infants
-aerosol ribavirin for infants with serious disease

Rubella (picmonic, but not necessary)

-togavirus
Similar in pathology to measles but less severe
-red bell as head of robe (body is alpha-male virus) catarax eye and retarded mouth in bell = Congenital: -
cataracts in newborns and mental problems
HEPATITIS VIRUSES

Hepatitis A: Picmonic
-Fax printing out the acute sign paper = fax = vaccine available

Hepatitis B - See above

Hepatitis C – picmonic

Hepatitis D-
-AKA delta agent
-viroid like b/c it coinfects with HBV
-trasmitted in blood, semen, vaginal secretion
-only replicates in presence of HBV coinfection, causing superinfection

Hepatitis E
-elephent with liver body = hepatitis E
-trunk is holding jug of milk = calicivirus-like virus
-elephant is pooping = transmitted by fecal-oral route

Hepatitis G
Cloned in 1996
Flavivirus
Ss+ RNA, enveloped

Small DNA Viruses

Parvovirus:
B19 (see above)

HPV-picmonic

Polyomavirus- picmonic

Adenovirus- picmonic
-can have 3 types of infection: lytic, latent, oncogenic

Large DNA Viruses

Herpes Simplex 1/2 -picmonic

Varicella Zoster (Herpes 3) -picmonic

Epstein-Barr (Herpes 4) - picmonic

Cytomegalovirus (Herpes 5) -picmonic

Herpesvirus 6
AKA: lymphotropic beta Herpesvirus (like CMV)
Who often get’s it: associated with Childhood illness (roseola, febrile confulsions)
Clinical: -causes meningoencephalitis
Pathology: -may directly go to CNS
-Lymphotropic = replicates in CD4 cells, neural cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts
-can be latent
-associated with inflammatory demyelination
-increasingly reported in immune suppressed patients (transplants)
-if immunosuppressed can cause encephalitis
Visualization = Inflamed and necrotic grey and white matter

Poxvirus – See above

Vaccinia Virus: -recombinant virus that may be used for vaccinations

Retroviruses
-see notes from email

INTERFERONS AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS:

-Type I = IFN alpha/beta (single chain, any virus infected cell makes it, produce anti-proliferation proteins)
-Type II = IFN gamma (dimer, made by T and NK, promotes activity for ø tumor cells)

Mechanism:
-IFN binds surface receptor
-tells sythetase to stop dsRNA production (viral replication)
-stops protein synthesis

Virus infected Cells

-leukocyte = IFN-alpha
-Fibroblast = IFN-beta
-inhibit protein synthesis and DNA replication
-Increase MHC-I (antigen presentation)
-Activate NK cells

Other actions:
-Activate MP
-increase T-cell response
-regulate cell growth
-regulate protein synthesis
-regulate tumor growth

Inhibitors of attachment: neutralizing antibody

- HIV CCR5 inhibitor = Maraviroc

Penetration and uncoating

Influenza
-Amantadine and Rimantadine
-buffer endosome so not acidic by blocking proton channel

Picornavirus
-Pleconaril (pickle on a monorail)

HIV
-Enfuvirtide (fever beaver swimming in the rising tide above PM and pushing away bee hive from fusion

Cytomegalovirus
-Fomiversen = RNA inside toe is translating protein coming out of toe tip; spray foam onto tip to stop
translation

Nucleoside Drugs
Ribavirin: Lassa, RSV (guanosine)
Acyclovir: VZV, HSV1/2, (add –OH = used for CMV = Ganciclovir)
A = binds directly to DNA-Pol
G = Binds both to growing DNA chain or to DNA-pol
Foscarnet: mimics phosphate

Inhibitors of Influenza Maturation

-Neuraminidase inhibitors
-Santa and dancing Celtic playing flutes = Zanamivir and Oseltamivir