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Khan Academy Staff. “Art of the United States: 1800s.” Khan Academy,
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/us-art-19c.
“19th Century.” ​Smithsonian American Art Museum​, americanart.si.edu/art/highlights/19th-century.
Shmoop Editorial Team. “Nathaniel Hawthorne in American Romanticism.” ​Shmoop​, Shmoop University, 11 Nov.
2008, www.shmoop.com/american-romanticism/nathaniel-hawthorne-author.html.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Romanticism.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
6 Dec. 2017, www.britannica.com/art/Romanticism.
Zurakhinsky, Michael. “Romanticism Movement, Artists and Major Works.” The Art Story,
www.theartstory.org/movement-romanticism.htm.
Pamphlet
- Romanticism
- a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century,
emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.
- Late 18th century to early 19th century
- Romanticism was after everyone was talking science science science, people
started asking about other subjects. They wanted to bring back art, music, passion.
They didn’t want to remain calm and settle, but rather bring back emotion and the
dramatic events from the revolution.
- Spread rapidly through Europe and United States to challenge the idea brought to
them during the enlightenment.
- Artist emphasized sense and emotion and put it into their artwork.
- Romanticism embraced ideas of individualism and subjectivity
Categories
★ What was it? (Definition) - V
Romanticism was movement in the arts and literature, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and
the individualism. After everyone was talking about science and only science, people started
asking about other subjects. They wanted to bring back art and music. They didn’t want to
remain calm and settle, but rather bring back emotion and the dramatic events from the
revolution.
★ Why did it become popular? (Historical Background) - Danielle
★ Where & When (Expands definition to the use) - V
In the late 1700’s and the early 1800’s, Romanticism was at its peak. It spread rapidly through
Europe and United States to challenge the idea brought to them during the enlightenment.

★ Individualism (“Message” of the art) - D


✓ 1 Example (Analyze Art - Describe the details of the piece to prove your point)/People
(Great artists) - V
★ Influences in other media (literature - Hawthorne, politics - Manifest Destiny, poems,
etc.) - D
Influences:
Romanticism affected not just artists with a unique talent, but also how government
officials brought new, innovative ideas to our country. They had an overall goal to reach what
they called, “Manifest Destiny”. American colonists wanted to conquer the west coast. They
thought it was their fate, or “destiny”, to reach this land. They believed it was protected by god
and when they reached the West coast everything would be perfect and the land would be
thriving. So as every decision made was to further the colonists chances of reaching Manifest
Destiny, artists and writers exemplified their hopes of what Manifest Destiny was. One famous
writer was name Nathaniel Hawthorne. His works were known for their emphasis on emotion
and deepness, especially during the Romantic era. Hawthorne, along with many others, formed
detailed ideas of Manifest Destiny to encourage the want to reach it.

History:
American Romanticism was a reaction against Enlightenment ideas of the 1700s.
Enlightenment thinkers pursued intellectual ideas. To Romantics, they forgot what it means to
feel and the importance of emotion. So, Romantic painters focused on the unpredictable forces of
nature. Romantic authors focused on deep and complex emotions. Romantic musicians focused
on feeling waves of inspiration. A new era was born!
Famous Romanticism Paintings:

Individualism:
● Individualism = You can do it!
● Enlightenment = You can do it with SCIENCE!
● Romantics = You can do it with FEELING!
● Romantics wished to pursue individualism, not in terms of logic, but in terms of feeling,
beauty, and emotion. They believed that truth was felt, not taught.
● Romanticism was brought to America to counteract the sterile logic-based views of the
Enlightenment era.
Individualism:
In the late 1700s, individualism was brought to the attention of colonists. It created the
idea that anyone has the potential to do anything, really. It was only soon after when people
realized this didn’t just apply to daily life, but also could be broadened to science. There is so
much you could learn and discover in areas of science and intellect. This occurred during the
Enlightenment era. All that mattered was science. But, to no surprise, the colonists grew tired of
this. Romanticism was brought to America to counteract the sterile logic-based views of the
Enlightenment era. “Romantics like to think of themselves as unique individuals who have the
strength of character to go against the flow.” The main goal of Romanticism was to pursue
individualism, but not just in terms of logic, but in terms of feeling, beauty, and emotion. They
believed that truth was felt, not taught.

“Romanticism rejected the modern industrialized world. Instead, music embraced literary and
philosophical themes derived from myth, tragedy, and the beauty of nature.”

“Romantics like to think of themselves as unique individuals who have the strength of character
to go against the flow.”

Source:
The Arts: a visual encyclopedia written by Hodge, Taylor, Fullman, Chrisp published by Penguin
Random House in 2017.
Thomas Cotterill

One Example:
The Oxbow: Thomas Cole, an artist during the 1800’s, painted a very famous piece called, “The
Oxbow”. This painting shows us a landscape, where the view from ​Mount Holyoke,
Northampton, Massachusetts had just undergone a Thunderstorm. On one side, you can see an
untamed forest and destruction, with a flash of lighting off to the left side. While on the right
side, you can see more developed land with thriving people. This was looked at as Manifest
Destiny because people thought they were meant to create new life and this could let them
survive, and live life to the fullest. Another small thing you can see in this painting is that there is
a hill in the middle, between the storm and the “Manifest Destiny”. This hill is sometimes
interpreted to represent God’s presence at this place. We can see this because there seems to be
hebrew letters upside down (the view from God) that spells out Shaddai, which translates to
Almighty. This could lead us to believe more that the healthy, prosperous land has been
protected by God. Lastly, you can see boats going to and from the stormy side of the river. There
is one boat that is arriving at its destiny, showing that it’s never too late to arrive to the new, and
improved side of life. The artist put himself in the picture, painting from the forest side. He had
an umbrella and a portfolio, another way of showing his gravestone. This was also his way of
signing the painting, and showing that there was not such a sharp line between the stormy side
and the new, better side of life.
Guidelines:
- Your painting has to be in the Romantic style (Dramatic, Emotional)
- You have exactly three minutes to paint your masterpiece
- Sign your work at the bottom corner
- Winner gets 2 red poker chips ($10) for the Games & Recreation table, and your painting
gets hung up!
- You may only win once, but if you lose, come back and try again!

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