Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
REPRODUCTION
Reproduction of this manual or software, in whole or in part, is strictly
prohibited without the express written consent of FAMICTechnologies
2000 Inc.
A. Technical Specifications.......................................................................................67
A.1 Lines ............................................................................................................67
A.2 Power Sources .............................................................................................71
A.3 Output Components .....................................................................................81
A.4 Contacts .......................................................................................................90
i
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
A.5 Switches...................................................................................................... 95
A.6 Counters.................................................................................................... 103
B. Glossary.............................................................................................................. 107
ii
Introduction
This Electrical Control workshop User's Guide provides the
information required to install and use this workshop with the
Automation Studio Core System. This includes technical specifications
for components, procedures for defining properties, the building and
simulation of a circuit and examples of Electrical Control applications.
Each module, called a workshop, is a library from which you can draw
components to create different types of circuits - hydraulic, pneumatic,
digital electronic etc. either alone or combined together.
3
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
• American symbols;
• European symbols.
When this workshop is installed, both symbol libraries are added to the
library. They are identified as Electrical Control (US) and Electrical
Control (Europe).
4
1 Building a First Electrical
Control circuit
This exercise will familiarize you with the software commands. You
will create an Electrical Control circuit by following a step by step
method.
5
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Control circuit
BP-1
L1C N
L1 N
BP-1 B1
B1 L1
Led
L1 N
Functional portion of circuit
B1
MOT1
List of components
Qty Component Identifier Tagname
1 NO push button BP-1
1 NO toggle switch BP-1
1 Coil B1
2 NO Contact B1
1 Indicator light (LED type) L1
1 Single-phase motor (Power: MOT1
500 W, Rotation speed: 1800
turns/min.)
6
Building a First Electrical Control Circuit
or
3. Click on the Power Sources category and on the Power Supply L1.
7
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
or
Press ALT+ENTER.
8
Building a First Electrical Control Circuit
Click on the Copy, then the Paste buttons on the Edit toolbar.
or
Type CTRL+R to re-insert the last component.
A second power supply appears.
3. Display its dialog box and type L1P in the Item Identifier field of
the Catalog tab.
4. Click on OK.
Pushbutton – BP-1
1. From the Switches category, select and insert the Pushbutton NO..
1. From the Switches category, select and insert the Toggle Switch
NO.1.
9
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
4. Click on OK.
Two components that have the same tagname will have the same
behavior. If one of them changes state, the other will change state too.
See chapter 2 Component Properties on page 19 for more information.
NO Contact – B1
10
Building a First Electrical Control Circuit
5. Choose the Rotate Left 90° command from the Layout menu.
or
Remaining components
11
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Verify Connections
At all times, you can verify the links to see if the connections are made
correctly.
For any given diagram, the Verify Connections command from the
Tools menu will give you the number of free connections for lines and
components.
(For more details, see section Inserting Links in the Core System User’s
Guide.)
12
Building a First Electrical Control Circuit
2. Select the drive and directory you want the project to be saved in
by choosing them in the Drives and Directories fields.
The path you choose is displayed above the lists.
3. In the File Name field, type the name of the project in front of the
default .PRO extension.
Automation Studio generates files with the .PRO extension.
4. Click on OK.
The complete path and the name of the file identify the project.
13
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
The elements of the diagrams will take on the simulation colors. (You
can find a list of the simulation colors assigned by default to Electrical
Control components, see section 1.4.3 Display Colors of Components
and Links on page 16.)
2. To activate the circuit, point and click on push button BP-1 of the
control portion of the circuit.
To observe the simulation process for each computation cycle:
14
Building a First Electrical Control Circuit
The pointer takes the shape of a hand. The hand indicates that you
may intervene during simulation.
3. Release the mouse button and the component will regain its initial
status as in part 1.
15
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
When push button BP-1 is activated, toggle switch BP-1 closes and coil
B1 is activated. When coil B1 is activated, it closes NO contact B1 that
supplies indicator light L1 that then lights up.
When push button BP-1 of the control portion of the circuit is activated,
toggle switch BP-1 closes and coil B1 is activated. When coil B1 is
activated, it closes both NO contact B1, the one in the control portion
and the one in the functional portion. Since contact B1 of the functional
portion is closed, the single-phase motor is supplied by L1P and starts
running.
16
Building a First Electrical Control Circuit
17
2 Component Properties
19
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
List of Components
20
Component Properties
This button allows you to access the External tools list and to execute
any of those tools. See the Core system User’s Guide for more
information.
This button is only activated when the Catalog tab is selected. It allows
you to add user-defined fields to a component. This is useful when
creating a bill of materials.
Some components allow you to enter the same tagname to two or more
components in order to bind their behavior. To do so, you can select
that particular tagname in the Tagname list. This is the case for the
following components:
• Coil;
• Contacts;
• Solenoid;
• Jump-to label (input);
• Jump-to label (output).
21
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Example
COIL1 COIL1-1 COIL1-2
The above figure contains a coil (COIL 1), a NO contact (COIL 1-1)
and a NC contact (COIL 1-2). When the coil was inserted in the
diagram, tagname COIL 1 was given to the coil. When the coil is
activated, it has to activate two contacts, one NO and one NC contact.
For the coil to be able to do this task, both contacts need to have the
same tagname as the coil, (COIL 1). The Suffix field allows you to add
a subscript to the tagname to better differentiate the two contacts (-1
and –2 in this example).
22
Component Properties
6. In the diagram, drag the component to the position where you wish
to insert the contact and click.
The Properties dialog box for the contact appears.
7. Click on the arrow on the right of the Tagname field. A scroll list
will open showing the coil tagnames already in place.
8. In the list, click on COIL 1.
The selected tagname appears in the Tagname field.
11. For other contacts associated with coil COIL 1, repeat steps 6 to 11
by modifying the suffix according to your numbering system.
23
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
The Color field of this dialog box allows the modification of the color
of the component during simulation. The Style and Width fields modify
the lines according to your selection. To modify these properties, click
on the arrows on the right of the fields and click on the chosen option.
24
3 Electrical Control Exercises
25
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
L1C N
L1 BP-1 N
BP-1 B1
B1 L1
LED
List of components
Qty Component Identifier Tagnames
1 NO switch BP-1
1 Coil B1
1 NO contact B1
26
Electrical Control Exercises
1 Neutral N
With the components from the Electrical Control library, build the
illustrated circuit.
Push button BP-1 is associated with the switch having the same
tagname. Furthermore, coil B1 is associated with the contact having the
same tagname. When push button BP-1 is pushed, switch BP-1 closes
which allows the activation of coil B1. NO contact B1, which is
associated to coil B1 closes, which allows the activation of indicator
light L1.
Indicator light L1 stays lit as long as push button BP-1 is held down.
Once push button BP-1 is released, coil B1 is no longer activated since
switch BP-1 opens. Consequently, contact B1 also opens and the
indicator light, which is no longer activated closes.
27
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
L1C N
L1 BP-1 N
BP-1 B1
B1 L1
List of components
1 NO switch BP-1
1 Coil latch B1
1 NO contact B1
1 Neutral N
28
Electrical Control Exercises
With the components from the Electrical Control library, build the
illustrated circuit.
Activating push button BP-1 closes the switch having the same
tagname. This activates coil latch B1 which closes contact B1. Since
the indicator light L1 is now activated, it lights up.
BP-1 BP-2
L1C N
L1 N
BP-1 B1
BP-2 B1
B1 L1
29
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
List of components
Qty Component Identifier Tagnames
1 Coil latch B1
1 Coil unlatch B1
1 NO contact B1
1 Neutral N
With the components from the Electrical Control library, build the
illustrated circuit.
Activating push button BP-2 closes its associated switch (with the same
tagname). Coil unlatch B1 is then activated and opens NO contact B1.
Since the indicator light L1 is no longer activated, it closes.
30
Electrical Control Exercises
L1C N
BP-1 BP-2 BP-3
L1 N L1P N
L1 N
BP-1 BP-2 M
F1
CTR/1 10 Amp.
BP-3 CTR
CTR/2
MOT
List of components
Qty Component Identifier Tagnames
1 NC switch BP-1
31
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
3 NO contact M
CTR (Suffix
/1)
CTR (Suffix
/2)
1 Fuse (Max. F1
Intensity 10 A)
2 Neutral N
1 Single-phase MOT
motor
(Power: 500 W,
Rotation
speed: 1800 rpm)
With the components from the Electrical Control library, build the
illustrated circuit.
The jog command mode is available when using push button BP-2.
In that mode, activating push button BP-2 closes the associated switch
(with the same tagname). Coil M is then activated and closes contact M.
Single-phase motor MOT is activated and starts running.
Activating push button BP-3 closes the associated switch. Coil CTR is
32
Electrical Control Exercises
1 – Start Circuit
This first example shows how to start two single-phase motors, MOT1
and MOT2, in sequence. The delay between the two starts is set with a
contact with off delay.
33
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
L1P N L1P N
L1C N
BP-1 BP-2
L1 N L1 N
L1 N
BP-1 BP-2 M1
F1 F2
10 Amp. 10 Amp.
M1-1 TR
M1-2 M2
TR M2
MOT1 MOT2
List of components
1 NC switch BP-1
1 NO switch BP-2
3 NO contact M1 (Suffix –
1)
M1 (Suffix –
2)
M2
34
Electrical Control Exercises
3 Neutral N
With the components from the Electrical Control library, build the
illustrated circuit.
Activating push button BP-2 closes the associated switch (with the
same tagname). Coils M1 and TR are then activated and close contacts
M1-1, M1-2 and TR. Contact M1-1 allows the activation of the coils
even if push button BP-2 is deactivated. Contact M1-2 allows the
activation of motor MOT1, which will then start running. Contact TR is
a contact with off delay, so it closes 10 simulation cycles after coil TR
has been activated. Once closed, it allows the activation of coil M2
which closes contact M2. Motor MOT2 is activated and starts
running.
35
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
2 – Stop Circuit
L1P N L1P N
L1C N
BP-1 BP-2
L1 N L1 N
L1 N
BP-1 BP-2 M1
F1 F2
10 Amp. 10 Amp.
M1-1 TR
M1-2 M2
TR M2
MOT1 MOT2
List of components
1 NC switch BP-1
1 NO switch BP-2
1 NO contact with on TR
delay
(Preset: 10 cycles)
36
Electrical Control Exercises
3 Neutral N
With the components from the Electrical Control library, build the
illustrated circuit.
Activating push button BP-2 closes the associated switch (with the
same tagname). Coils M1 and TR are then activated and close contacts
M1-1, M1-2, and TR. Contact M1-1 activates the coils even if push
button BP-2 is released. Contact M1-2 activates motor MOT1 who
starts running. Contact TR activates coil M2 which closes contact M2.
Motor MOT2 is activated and starts running.
Activating push button BP-1 opens the associated switch (with the same
tagname). Coils M1 and TR are no longer activated which opens
contacts M1-1, M1-2 and TR. Motor MOT1 is no longer activated and
stops. Contact TR is a contact with on delay, so it opens only 10
simulation cycles after the contact has been activated. Once open, coil
M2 is no longer activated which opens contact M2 and consequently
stops motor MOT2.
37
4 Multi-Workshop Exercises
This chapter contains four exercises allowing you to build and simulate
more complex electropneumatic circuits. These exercises are circuits
built with components from two Automation Studio workshops, the
Pneumatic workshop and the Electrical Control workshop.
PROX-A0 PROX-A1
EXT-A RET-A
39
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Right command:
Solenoid: RET-A
2 Exhaust
The properties not mentioned in the list must keep their default values.
SFC
40
Multi-Workshop Exercises
1 START
2 A+
2 PROX-A1
3 A-
3 PROX-A0
Note that for the following equations, steps are represented by the letter
E and transitions by the letter R. Also, the initial step of a SFC is step
number zero.
En = ( En − 1 • Rn − 1 + En) • En + 1
In this equation, En is the active step, En-1 the preceding step and En+1
the following step. Rn-1 is the transition between steps En-1 and En.
The SFC of this automatism has two steps (E1 and E2) and an initial
step (E0). The Boolean equations of each of these steps are the
following:
E0 = ( E2 • PROX − A 0 + E0) • E1
E1 = ( E0 • START + E1) • E2
E2 = ( E1 • PROX − A1 + E2) • E0
41
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
E0, the initial step also has to take into account the initial conditions of
the control circuit, i.e. when the circuit is put under voltage. Under
these conditions, all steps of the SFC have to be deactivated. That is
why coil INIT is used. It will only be activated if all steps are not
activated when the circuit is under voltage. Once coil INIT is activated,
contact INIT closes and initial step E0 is activated. The activation
equation of step E0 then becomes the following.
E0 = ( E2 • PROX − A 0 + E0 + INIT) • E1
Control circuit
1 NO switch BP-1
9 NO contact INIT
E0 (for two)
E1 (for three)
E2 (for three)
42
Multi-Workshop Exercises
L1C N
BP-1
L1 N
E0 E1 E2 INIT
L1P N
L1 N
E2 PROX-A0 E1 E0
E1 EXT-A
E0
INIT E2 RET-A
E0 BP-1 E2 E1
E1
E1 PROX-A1 E0 E2
E2
Control circuits
(American symbols)
43
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
L1C
L1
E0 E2 E0 INIT E0 E1 E1
E2
E1
BP-1
PROX-A1
PROX-A0
E2 E1 E2 E0
INIT E0 E1 E2
N
N
BP-1
L1P
L1
E1 E2
EXT-A RET-A
N
N
Control circuits
(European symbols)
The first line of this control circuit allows the initialization of the circuit
when it is put under voltage for the first time.
Activating coil INIT closes contact INIT and initial step E0 becomes
active. It is also possible to activate step E0 by activating proximity
switch PROX-A0 when step 2 is active.
When push button BP-1 is activated, switch BP-1 closes and step 1
becomes active. Solenoid EXT-A is then put under voltage and controls
the extension of cylinders A's rod.
44
Multi-Workshop Exercises
A0 A1
PROX-BO PROX-B1
A B
45
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
46
Multi-Workshop Exercises
4 Exhaust
1 NO switch BP-1
15 NO contact INIT 1
E0 (for two)
E1 (for three)
E2 (for three)
E3 (for three)
E4 (for three)
47
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
SFC
The following SFC represents the working cycle of the drill press.
1 BP-1
2 A+
2 A1
3 B+
3 PROX-B1
4 B-
4 PROX-B0
5 A-
5 A0
Control Circuit
Going from the SFC to the Electrical Control gives the following
control circuit (shown in both symbols).
48
Multi-Workshop Exercises
L1C N
L1 N
E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 INIT BP-1
E4 A0 E1 E0
E0 L1P N
L1 N
INIT
E1 EXT-A
E0 BP-1 E2 E1
E2 EXT-B
E1
E3 RET-B
E1 A1 E3 E2
E4 RET-A
E2
E2 PROX-B1 E4 E3
E3
E3 PROX-BO E0 E4
E4
49
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
L1C
L1
E0 E4 E0 INIT E0 E1 E1 E2 E2 E3 E3
E4
E2 E1 E2 E3 E4 E0
E3
E4
INIT E0 E1 E2 E3 E4
N
N
L1P
L1
E1 E2 E3 E4
BP-1
The first line of the control circuit allows the activating of coil INIT
when the circuit is put under voltage for the first time. This places the
SFC at the initial step, step E0.
When push button BP-1 is activated, step 1 becomes active and cylinder
A's rod extends. Once the rod is extended, switch A1 is activated and
allows step E2 to be activated.
Step E2 is the step that makes cylinder B's rod extend. This extension is
detected by proximity sensor PROX-B1 that activates proximity switch
PROX-B1.
50
Multi-Workshop Exercises
For another working cycle, push button BP-1 has to be activated. If this
button is kept pressed down permanently, the cycle is continuous.
51
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
PROX-B0 PROX-B1
EXT-B RET-B
A0 A1
EXT-A RET-A
52
Multi-Workshop Exercises
4 Exhaust
53
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
54
Multi-Workshop Exercises
SFC
1 AUTO+CY / CY.BP-1
2 A+
2 A1
3 B+
3 PROX-B1
4 A-
4 A0
5 B-
5 PROX-B0
55
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Control Circuit
The control circuit of this system uses the properties of a coil latch and
a coil unlatch. The following figures show the control circuits with both
the American and European symbols.
L1C N
CY/CY AUTO BP-1 L1 N
E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 INIT
CY/CY BP-1 E1 R
AUTO
E4 A0 E2 E0
INIT E4
L1P N
L1 N E0 R E1
E1 EXT-A
E0
E1 A1 E2
E2 EXT-B
E1
E3 RET-B E2 PROX-B1 E3
E2
E3 PROX-B0 E4
E4 RET-A
E3
56
Multi-Workshop Exercises
L1C
L1
E0 CY/CY AUTO E4 INIT E0 E1 E2 E3
E2 E1 E2
E3
E4
INIT R E0 E4 E1 E0 E2 E1 E3 E2 E4 E3
L1P
L1
E1 E2 E3 E4
CY/CY AUTO BP-1
EXT-A EXT-B RET-B RET-A
N
N
The first line of this control circuit allows the initialization of the circuit
when it is put under voltage for the first time. Activating coil INIT
closes contact INIT and initial step E0 becomes active. It is also
possible to activate step E0 by activating proximity switch PROX-B0
when step E4 is active. Activating step E0 and deactivating step E4
(coil latch E0 and coil unlatch E4) is done simultaneously.
The second line represents the receptivity associated with the transition
from initial step E0 and step E1. This receptivity includes the starting
modes of the circuit. The starting mode is automatic (AUTO) or cycle
by cycle. With this last mode, push button BP-1 has to be activated to
start a new working cycle.
57
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Notice that this circuit is built with coil latches and coil unlatches.
Activating a step is done with a coil latch and deactivating a step is
done with a coil unlatch. So, the control circuit has many lines with a
coil latch and a coil unlatch built in parallel. This allows the activating
of a step and the simultaneous deactivating of the previous step. For
example, on the third line, when step E0 becomes active, step E4
becomes inactive at the same time.
58
Multi-Workshop Exercises
A1 B0 C0 C1
PROX-A0 PROX-B1
A B C
59
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
60
Multi-Workshop Exercises
6 Exhaust
61
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
62
Multi-Workshop Exercises
SFC
Si AU reprise à A0
Si AU C-, B-, A-
1 (AUTO+CY / CY.BP-1)
2 A+
2 A1
3 B+
3 PROX-B1
4 C+
4 C1
5 C-
5 C0
6 B-
6 B0
7 A-
7 PROX-A0
63
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Control Circuit
AU S
S CY/CY BP-1 R
AUTO
S E1 E0
INIT
E6 PROX-A0
E0
S E0 R E2 E1
E1
L1C N
L1 N
E4 RET-C S E1 A1 E3 E2
S
E2
E5 RET-B
S E2 PROX-B1 E4 E3
S
E3
E6 RET-A
S E3 C1 E5 E4
S
E4
E1 EXT-A
S E4 C0 E6 E5
E2 EXT-B
E5
E3 EXT-C
S E5 B0 E0 E1 E6
E6
64
Multi-Workshop Exercises
L1C
L1
E0 AU S S INIT E6 E0 S S S S S S
E2 BP-1 R A1 PROX-B1 C1 C0 B0
E3 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E0
E1
E4 E1
E5
E6
INIT S R E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6
N
N
L1P
L1
E4 S E4 S E4 S E1 E2 E3
CY/CY AUTO S AU
The first line of this control circuit allows the initialization of the circuit
when it is put under voltage for the first time. Activating coil INIT will
allow initial step E0 to become active when the circuit is under voltage.
65
A. Technical Specifications
A.1 Lines
The electric wire contained in the Electrical Control workshop library
has the following simulation parameters:
67
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Pressure line allowing to jump over a line without being connected to it.
Plug
Socket
Usually, plug and socket terminals are identified by their shape and
size. For example, in North America sockets in houses have two or
three terminals. In both cases, the terminals have different shapes and
sizes to identify their use. The rectangular shape is used to identify the
power line or the neutral. As for the circular shape, it is used to identify
the ground.
68
Technical Specifications
Sockets with three terminals are usually used when a ground terminal is
obligatory. For example, electrical appliances with a metallic casing,
such as an oven have three terminal plugs.
Simulation parameters
The jump-to label (output) can act like a transmitter or a receiver. The
status of the voltage at the connection point is transmitted as-is to the
associated jump-to label, i.e. that shares a common tagname.
Simulation parameters
The jump-to label (output) can act like a transmitter or a receiver. The
status of the voltage at the connection point is transmitted as-is to the
associated jump-to label, i.e. that shares a common tagname.
69
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Simulation parameters
A.1.7 Fuse
American symbol European symbol
10 Amp. 10 Amp.
Simulation parameters
Max. Amps (A) Represents the maximum current (A) that the
fuse is capable of withstanding. The intensity
that the fuse can withstand has no effect on
the simulation. This parameter is used for
information purposes.
70
Technical Specifications
L1 L1
L2 L2
L3 L3
Simulation parameters
71
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
The 600 Volts supply with three lines is used in industrial installations
as a motive force for the drive of triple-phase motors.
The 208/120 Volts supply system with four lines supplies three power
lines with 208 Volts line to line and a neutral. A line to neutral
connection is used to supply a 120 Volts single-phase voltage.
All three lines can be used to supply 208 Volts line to line triple-phase
motors. Each 208 Volts line to line bus can be combined with the
neutral to supply 120 Volts lighting circuits.
A.2.2 Neutral
American symbol European symbol
N N
72
Technical Specifications
A.2.3 Ground
American symbol European symbol
The term ground is used because one of the wires of a supply cord in
electrical installations is always linked to the ground by a low resistance
wire. In reality, in the case of commercial and residential buildings, this
connection is done by the water supply pipe located at the entrance of
the building. In certain cases, the ground is also called the common.
Also see sections A.2.1 Power Supply on page 71 and A.2.2 Neutral on
page 72.
73
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
24V 24V
0V 0V
A.2.6 Transformer
American symbol European symbol
220:24 220:24
Simulation parameters
74
Technical Specifications
220:24 220:24
Simulation parameters
75
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Simulation parameters
The Multi I/O transformer behave like the regular transformer except
that it can induce two different alternative tensions.
76
Technical Specifications
X3
H1
Vh13
Vh12
Vx23
H2
Vx13
Vh14
Vh23
X2
H3
H4 X1
77
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
78
Technical Specifications
79
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
80
Technical Specifications
A.3.1 Coil
American European
symbol symbol
Coil
Coil latch
Coil unlatch
A coil is made of a rolled up copper wire. When the coil has current
going through it, an electro-magnetic force is generated in its core. The
coil is used in many electrical applications, in contact relays for
example. In contact relays, the electro-magnetic force generated by the
passage of the current in the coil opens or closes the contacts of the
relay that are associated with the coil.
81
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
The coil latch works as the coil except that the contacts that are
associated with it stay in their activated status even if the coil latch is no
longer under voltage. That way, when the coil latch is under voltage,
the normally open contacts close and the normally closed contacts open.
The coil unlatch allows the contacts that were activated by a coil latch
to take back their initial status. When the coil unlatch is activated, the
normally open contacts become open again and the normally closed
contacts become closed again. The contacts will remain in that status
even if the coil unlatch is no longer under voltage.
In Automation Studio, the coil has to have the same tagnames than the
contacts to which it is associated. Also see section A.4 Contacts on
page 90.
Simulation parameters
The Coil with OFF delay deactivates its associated contacts when
current is applied, but only after the preset delay.
82
Technical Specifications
Simulation parameters
The Coil with ON delay activates its associated contacts when current is
applied, but only after the preset delay.
Simulation parameters
83
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
The Flashing coil activates and deactivates its associated contacts when
as long as current is applied. The preset delay specifies that delay
between the activation and the deactivation.
A.3.5 Solenoid
American symbol European symbol
A solenoid has to have the same tagname than the solenoid of the
pneumatic or hydraulic directional valve to which it is associated.
84
Technical Specifications
Simulation parameters
The indicator light can work with voltages varying between 6 and 120
Volts, in AC as well as DC current. Models supporting a small current
use LED (light emitting diode). They occupy a small space and have a
longer life span; they consume little energy and have a low maintenance
cost compared to neon or incandescent type lights.
The working principle behind the indicator light using LEDs relies on
an important characteristic of electronics. It uses a special p-n junction
that emits light when it is under direct current (when the anode-cathode
voltage is positive).
Also see sections A.3.9 Three-phase motor on page 88 and A.3.11 LED
(light emitting diode) on page 89.
85
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Simulation parameters
In the heating element, the release of heat is done with the convection
principle. The fluid that is in contact with the heating element heats up
and creates convection currents that make the cold fluid circulate to the
heating element.
Simulation parameters
86
Technical Specifications
The single-phase motor is made of a mobile part called the rotor and a
static part called a stator.
The stator has a main coil turned to form poles. The number of poles
gives the rotation speed of the motor and they always come in an even
number.
The rotor is composed of a cylinder made of sheet metal that has been
punctured at the ends to form notches destined to receive conductors.
The conductors of the rotor are made of bare copper bars that are fitted
in the notches.
87
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
A.3.10 Diode
American symbol European symbol
direct direct
+ +
- -
inverse inverse
+ +
- -
The diode is an element that lets electrical current flow in one direction
only. In the « right » direction the diode offers little resistance to the
passage of current. This resistance provokes a light voltage drop at the
terminals of the diode, called threshold voltage. This voltage is of 0.2
Volts for diodes made of germanium, and of 0.6 volts for the ones made
of silicone. The passage of a current induces heat that can be damaging
if the cooling is not correct.
88
Technical Specifications
In the reverse direction, the diode blocks the passage of the current. If
the voltage at the terminals is too high, the diode will be destroyed.
A LED (light emitting diode) allows the visual indication of the logical
status at one point of a circuit. The color of the component changes
depending on the logical status (0 or 1) of the input signal. In an
electrical circuit, the LED acts as a diode.
A.3.12 Resistor
American symbol European symbol
Simulation parameters
89
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Simulation parameters
A.4 Contacts
The various types of contacts contained in the Electrical Control
workshop library have the following simulation parameters:
NO
NC
90
Technical Specifications
They can be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC). These two
types characterize the electrical behavior of contacts when they are not
activated, i.e. when the coil to which they are associated is not
activated. As soon as the coil has a current going through it, contacts to
which it is associated change their status. Normally open (NO) contacts
close, and normally closed (NC) contacts open.
A contact has to have the same tagname than the coil to which it is
associated. Also see section A.3.1 Coil on page 81.
Rising edge
Falling edge
Rising and
falling edge
Rising edge and falling edge contacts are associated with a coil.
91
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
A rising edge contact is a normally open contact that acts on the rising
edge of the intensity of the current that travels along the coil to which it
is associated. When the current starts traveling the coil, the rising edge
contact closes momentarily, for a time equivalent to 1 simulation cycle.
A falling edge contact is a normally open contact that acts on the falling
edge of the intensity of the current that travels along the coil to which it
is associated. When the current stops traveling the coil, the falling edge
contact closes momentarily, for a time equivalent to 1 simulation cycle.
A rising edge or falling edge contact has to have the same tagname than
the coil to which it is associated. Also see section A.3.1 Coil on page
81.
92
Technical Specifications
Simulation parameters
A delay contact works in the same way as an instant contact with the
exception that its change of status is done after an adjustable preset
period of time. A delay contact is associated with a coil.
93
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Delay contacts are divided in two groups, contacts with ON delays and
contacts with OFF delays. In each group, contacts can be normally open
(NO) or normally closed (NC).
1
Coil 0
1
NO contact with
0
OFF delay
NC contact with
1
ON delay
0
Delay
1
Coil 0
1
NO contact with
0
ON delay
NC contact with
1
OFF delay
0
Delay
94
Technical Specifications
A.5 Switches
The various types of switches contained in the Electrical Control
workshop library have the following simulation parameters:
NO
NC
Usually, push buttons have a return spring i.e. a spring that brings back
the push button to its initial position as soon as the button is released.
That is why push buttons are said to be momentary contact switches.
95
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Push buttons are made of a manual actuator and a contact. The type of
push button depends on the type of contact. Contacts can be normally
open (NO) or normally closed (NC). If the push button is normally open
(NO), activating the switch closes the contact. However, if the push
button is normally closed (NC), activating the switch opens the contact.
NO
NC
They can be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC). The type of
toggle switch determines its behavior at rest status, i.e. when it is not
activated. A normally open (NO) toggle switch blocks the electrical
current whereas a normally closed (NC) toggle switch allows it.
Toggle switches can be associated with push buttons that have the same
tagname. This association is possible with same type push buttons or
opposite type push buttons.
Toggle switches change status each time the push buttons to which they
are associated are activated. The changing of status is characterized by
a behavior opposite the one in rest status. So, a normally closed toggle
switch opens when the push button to which it is associated is activated.
However, a normally open toggle switch closes when the push button to
which it is associated is activated.
96
Technical Specifications
Simulation parameters
Simulation parameters
The 3 position switches make it possible to connect the line 1 or the line
2. Initially, the switch is in the neutral position 3. The change of state is
triggered by a click on the pushbutton. The arrow of the symbol
indicates the current conducting line or the neutral position.
97
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Simulation parameters
98
Technical Specifications
NO
NC
They can be normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC). They are
made of two contacts, a mobile one and a fixed one. At rest status, the
NO limit switch is open and blocks the current. However, the NC limit
switch is closed allowing the passage of current.
Limit switches need to have the same tagname that the mechanical
position sensors to which they are associated. Mechanical position
sensors are components from other workshops.
99
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
NO
NC
100
Technical Specifications
NO
NC
Pressure switches are made of a mobile contact that moves between two
pairs of terminals from fixed contacts. One pair represents terminals
from normally open contacts while the second pair represents terminals
from normally closed contacts. As long as the sensor is not activated,
the mobile contact stays pressed against the normally open contact
terminals for the NO switch and stays pressed against the normally
closed contact terminals for the NC switch.
When pressure becomes equal to or greater than the set pressure, the
sensor spool moves by compressing its spring. This movement presses
the contact against the normally closed contact terminals for a NO
switch or against the normally opened contact terminals for a NC
switch. Once pressure becomes lower than the set pressure, the mobile
contact goes back to its rest position.
Pressure switches need to have the same tagname than the pressure
sensors to which they are associated. Pressure sensors are components
from other workshops.
101
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
NO
NC
Two types of detection are usually used in thermal sensors. The first
type is by resistance variation and the second type is by thermocouple
detection.
NO
NC
102
Technical Specifications
Level switches are associated with level sensors. They allow the
detection of the level reached by a fluid in a tank. Their action depends
on the type of detection used by level sensors.
A.6 Counters
The various types of counters contained in the Electrical Control
workshop library have the following simulation parameters:
This category has two types of components that can be used in control
circuits. The counter up counts starting at 1 to the maximum value in
increasing order. The counter down counts starting at the maximum
value to 1 in decreasing order.
100 100
0 0
100 100
100 100
The counter up has an input signal (upper left line on the symbol), a
reset signal (lower left line on the symbol) and an output. Each input
impulse increments the counter of one unit starting from the initial null
value. The main parameter of a counter up is its maximum counting
value. Once this value is obtained, the output of the counter is instantly
under voltage. The output can be canceled with the reset signal.
103
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
The counter down has an input signal, a reset to the maximum value
signal and an output. The main parameter of a counter down is its
maximum value. This value is the starting or initial value of the
countdown. Each input impulse at the input of the counter down makes
the value go down one unit. When this value reaches zero, the output of
the counter down is under voltage. This output can be canceled by
activating the reset signal.
A.6.1 Thumbwheel
2
1 3
4
5
The thumbwheel assigns the converted four bits to the Input component
of the Ladder diagram workshop connected to it.
Simulation parameters
104
Technical Specifications
105
B. Glossary
Active Workshop
Component
One of the three basic elements used for creating diagrams. Each
component represents a behavior or a function that is animated during
simulation. Components are part of the Library and are provided by the
workshops.
Connection
A connection binds to components and/or links together. There are two
types of connections: connectors and mechanical contacts.
Connection Number
Connector
107
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Core System
Diagram
Display Tools
Diagram List
Edit Mode
GRAFCET/SFC
108
Glossary
Graphic Object
Grid
Library
Link
Map Locator
109
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Mechanical contacts
Menu Bar
A horizontal bar located above the application title bar. The menu bar
displays the various menus and commands which are available for the
active window.
Project
Project Label
Project Manager
An utility which you use to create, edit and manage project files in
Automation Studio. The Project Manager workspace for a given project
contains the Diagram List, which shows all the diagrams contained in
that project.
Properties
Rulers
Rulers are displayed at the edges of the window and indicate the unit of
measurement being used for the diagram. They serve as references for
110
Glossary
Simulation Cycle
Simulation Mode
Sort Key
Status Bar
Title Bar
Horizontal bar located at the top of a window and displaying the title of
this window.
Toolbar
A bar located under the menu bar, which contains icons for the most
111
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
User Interface
Utility
Worksheet
Workshop
A module which plugs into the Automation Studio Core System. Each
workshop contains elements, diagrams and functions relating to its own
technological specialty and to the type of diagrams it can generate.
Workspace
112
C. Index
113
Electrical Control Workshop User's Guide
Switches
Level Switches NO/NC, 102
Limit Switch NO/NC, 99
Pressure Switch NO/NC, 101
Proximity Switch NO/NC, 100
Thermal Switches NO/NC, 102
Three-phase motor, 88
Toggle Switch NO/NC, 96
Transformer, 75
Multi I/O transformer, 76
Vertical and horizontal jump, 68
114